I-ADOS Test: Ingabe Inokwethenjelwa Ekuxilongeni I-Autism?

Yini Ngempela I-ADOS 2 Test?

Ngakho, yini i-ADOS 2? Okuyisisekelo sayo, i-ADOS 2 ukuhlola okuyingxenye enesakhiwo, okususelwe ekudlaleni. Cabanga ngayo njengokuhlola okujwayelekile okunezimpendulo ezilungile noma ezingalungile, kodwa kunokuba uchungechunge oluklanywe kahle lwezenzo ezinikeza umelaphi iwindi emhlabeni wokuxhumana womntanakho.

Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukubuka nokuhlola izenzo ezihlobene nokuxilongwa kwe-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Idala izimo zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile lapho umhloli oqeqeshwe kahle angabuka khona:

• Ukuxhumana Komphakathi: Indlela umuntu asebenzisa futhi ayiqonda ngayo ukuxhumana ngamazwi nangokungewona amazwi, njengezimpawu, ukubonisa ubuso, nokuxhumana ngamehlo.
• Ukuxhumana Komphakathi: Indlela abahlanganyela ngayo ekushintshaneni okubuyisana, ukwabelana ngentokozo, nokuphendula izimpawu zokuxhumana ezivela kwabanye.
• Ukudlala Ngokucabanga: Indlela abasebenzisa ngayo amathoyizi nengqondo ngendlela yesimfuziselo.
• Izenzo Ezilinganiselwe Nezihlelekile: Ubukhona bezintshisekelo ezithile, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, noma ukuzwela kwezinzwa.

Yathuthukiswa nguDkt. Catherine Lord nabalingani bakhe, lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza idatha engoqothelwe, ebonakalayo esikhundleni sokuncika kuphela emibikweni yabazali umthombo. Kuyindlela yokubona isitayela sokuxhumana nesokuxhumana esiyingqayizivele sengane, ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esihambisanayo.

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Ubani Ophatha Ukuhlolwa Futhi Ubani Okufanele?

Eminye yemibuzo ejwayelekile kakhulu ithi “ubani ongaphatha i-ADOS 2?” Akuyona into ongayenza noma ubani. Ukuhlolwa kufuna ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyaphathwa futhi kubalwe ngendlela ethembekile.

Ubani Ophatha Ukuhlolwa: I-ADOS 2 test kufanele iqhutshwe umelaphi oqeqeshwe kahle futhi onolwazi ekuxilongeni i-ASD. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka ochwepheshe abanjengaba:

• Odokotela bezengqondo abaphathelene nezingqondo
• Odokotela bezingane abaphethe ukukhula
• Izazi zeziThuthukisi Zenkulumo Nomlomo
• Ochwepheshe Bezokwelapha Okuyisimfihlo
• I-Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs)

Ubani Okufanele: I-ADOS 2 iyasiza kakhulu. Yakhelwe abantu abaningi, yingakho isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa kubantu kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya ebuntwini abadala, okuhlanganisa i-ADOS test yezingane ezisencane kanye ne-ADOS test yabantu abadala, ngezinguqulo ezihlukile eziklanyelwe isigaba ngasinye sokukhula.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, nokho, ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungase kungafaneleki kubantu abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa (njengobumpumputhe noma ukuba nekhono lokuzwa) noma izinkinga zemisipha ezingabangela ukuthi bangakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokomzimba emisebenzini.

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Okulindeleke Ngaphakathi Kokuhlolwa: Ukubukeka Kwezinga Nezinga

Ulwazi lwe-ADOS 2 testing lungase lubangele ukukhathazeka, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi iseshini ibukeka kanjani kunganciphisa ingcindezi eningi. Nansi imininingwane yomuzwa.

Isikhathi Nendawo

Okokuqala, ake siphendule umbuzo ongokoqobo: kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-ADOS 2? Ingxenye yokuhlolwa ngqo ijwayele ukuhlala phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 nezingama-60. Ukuqokwa konke kungase kube kuningi ukwenza izethulo nengxoxo emfushane ngaphambi nangemuva. Ukuhlolwa kwenzeka egumbini elithule, ngokuvamile kune-clinician nomuntu ohlolwayo ukuze kuncishiswe iziphazamiso.

Indima Yomzali

Uma unengane encane, cishe uzoba segumbini. Nokho, indima yakho ukuba khona okuthule, okusekelayo—“indiza odongeni.” Umelaphi udinga ukubona indlela ingane yakho exhumana naye ngokuqondile. Bazokunika imiyalelo ecacile, njengokuthi nini uzophendula uma ingane yakho ibaxaka. Ezinganeni ezindala, intsha, nabantu abadala, ukuhlolwa kuvame ukuqhutshelwa ndawonye nomelaphi.

Imisebenzi: Konke Kuhlobene Nokudlala Nengxoxo

Inhliziyo ye-ados test uchungechunge lwezenzo zokuxhumana ezihlelelwe, ezivame ukubizwa nge “presses,” eziklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ngokomoya ukuxhumana. Le misebenzi iyajabulisa futhi iyamangalisa. Umelaphi akalubheki ukusebenza okuyikho; ubuka inqubo yokuxhumana.

Izibonelo zemisebenzi zingafaka:

• Ezinganeni Ezincane Nezingane Ezisencane: Ukudlala ngezinti, ukuba neqembu lokuzalwa lokucabanga, ukufunda “incwadi yezithombe,” noma ukudlala namathoyizi okubangela nokusebenza. Umelaphi angabona ukuthi ingane izozama ukwabelana ngentokozo yayo noma ukwenza izicelo.
• Ezinganeni Ezindala Nentsha: Ukwakha into ndawonye, ukudala indaba kusuka ezithombeni, noma ukukhuluma ngemizwa nobuhlobo.
• Abantu Abadala: Ukubandakanyeka ezingxoxweni ezinkulu mayelana nomsebenzi, ubudlelwano, nezinselelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Yini Odokotela Abayibonayo?

Ngenkathi ingane yakho idlala noma ikhuluma, umelaphi ubuka kahle amashumi ezinhlobonhlobo zezingozi ezithile. Abagwebi ingane yakho; bangaqoqa ulwazi. Yini i-ADOS 2 elinganisa ngempela? Bayalubheka:

• Ukusebenzisa Ukuxhumana Ngokubukela: Ingabe umuntu usebenzisa ukuxhumana ngokubukela ukuze athole ukunakwa komuntu noma ukuhlola ngesikhathi somsebenzi?
• Ukubonisa Ubuso Nezimpawu: Zisetshenziselwa kanjani ukukhombisa izidingo nemizwa?
• Ukwabelana Ngentokozo: Ingabe umuntu uyamyeka umelaphi noma uzama ukumbonisa into ayithola inomdla?
• Ukuphendula Izicelo Zokuxhumana: Bashukuma kanjani lapho umelaphi eqala ukuxhumana?
• Ulimi Nokuxhumana: Ingabe ulimi lwawo lusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuxhumana, njengokubeka umbono noma ukubuza imibuzo? Noma ingokoqobo, njengokwenza izicelo?
• Amakhono Okubhekana Nayo: Bangabhekana kanjani nokukhungatheka okuncane, njengokuthi ithoyizi lingasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile?

Khumbula, ukulungiselela i-ADOS test akufani nokufunda isivivinyo. Umgomo ukubona indlela yemvelo yengane yakho. Ukulungiselela okungcono kukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iphumule kahle futhi idlile, njengoba ubungenza nenye inhloso ebalulekile.

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Ukuphuma Kwe-ADOS 2 Modules

Ukuhlola abantu ngokunembayo kulo lonke uhla lweminyaka namakhono, i-ADOS 2 ihlukaniswe ngezinguqulo ezinhlanu ezahlukene. Umelaphi ukhetha inguqulo efanele ngokuya ngomkhawulo wokukhuluma womuntu. Ukuqonda i-ADOS 2 modules kungakusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

• I-Toddler Module: Ngokuqondile ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-12 kuya kwezingama-30 ubudala. Le module isuselwe kakhulu ekudlaleni futhi igxile ekubukeni izisekelo zokuxhumana komphakathi. Kuyi-ADOS test yezingane ezisencane engcono kakhulu.
• Inguqulo 1: Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-31 noma ngaphezulu abangakhulumi noma abasebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo. Imisebenzi yakhelwe ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana ngaphandle kokuncika enkulumweni.
• Inguqulo 2: Kubantu abasebenzisa inkulumo emfushane (isib. “funa ijusi,” “imoto enkulu”) kodwa abakabatshelwa ngokukhululeka ngamazwi. Imisebenzi isekuqaleni kodwa ihlanganisa amathuba engeziwe engxoxo elula.
• Inguqulo 3: Ezinganeni ezikhuluma ngokukhululeka nangentsha. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa ingxoxo eyengeziwe kanye nezimo zokudlala ezicabangayo.
• Inguqulo 4: Entsha enkulu kanye nabantu abadala abakhuluma ngokukhululeka. Lena yi-ADOS test yomuntu omdala eyinhloko futhi ihlanganisa ingxoxo ejulile mayelana nobuhlobo, ubudlelwano, nokuqonda komphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziADOS 2 modules ezahlukene kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kufanelekile ngokokukhula futhi kunikeza isithombe esinembayo samakhono omuntu.

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Ukuqonda Imiphumela: Kwenzakalani Ngemuva Kokuhlolwa?

Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi wokugcina uqedwe, ungase uzibuze ukuthi yini elandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-ADOS-2 ngokwayo ayihlinzeki ngokuxilongwa.

Imiphumela ye-ADOS 2 yingxenye ebalulekile yepuzzle enkulu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-autism, okudingekayo ukuze kuxilongwe ngokusemthethweni, kuzofaka futhi:

1. Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Okuningiliziwe: Umelaphi uzoba nengxoxo ejulile nawe mayelana nezinkundla zengane yakho, izenzo, amandla, nezinselelo kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube manje.
2. Imibuzo Yabazali/Bazinakekeli: Cishe uzogcwalisa ifomu elijwayelekile mayelana nezenzo zengane yakho ezindaweni ezihlukene.
3. Ukubuka: Umelaphi angase abheke umuntu kwezinye izindawo, njengeklasi noma igumbi lokulinda, noma abuyekeze imibiko yothisha.

Umelaphi ubala i-ADOS 2 ngokusekelwe ezenzweni ezibonwe ngesikhathi seseshini. Lezi zikolo zibe sezibhekiswa ebubanzini bokunqamula obukhombisa izinga lezici ezihlobene ne-autism ezibonwe. Izikolo ziwela ezigabeni ezifana “autism,” “autism spectrum,” noma “non spectrum.”

Uzoba nokuqokwa okulandelayo lapho umelaphi eyohlangana ndawonye lonke lolu lwazi—izikolo ze-ADOS-2, ingxoxo yakho, imibuzo—ukuze ufike esiphethweni. Bazokunikeza umbiko obhalwe ngokuphelele uchaza okutholakele, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, uhlinzeka ngezinyathelo eziqondile zokusekela ingane yakho. Imiphumela ye-ADOS-2 iyibhokisi lokuhlangana, hhayi indawo yokugcina.

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Izinto Ezibalulekile Nemikhawulo Ye-ADOS 2 Testing

Ngenkathi i-ADOS 2 ibhekwa njeng “igolide lokuhlola i-autism,” akukho thuluzi elilodwa eliphelele. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali baqaphele imikhawulo ye-ADOS 2 testing.

• Kungukubuka Okwesikhashana: Ukuhlolwa kuthatha isikhathi esingu-30-60 imizuzu. Ingane ekhathele, esaba, noma ezizwa ingagugi ingasebenzi njengoba ibinjwayele ukusebenza. Umelaphi oqeqeshiwe uzobheka lezi zimo.
• Kudinga Indawo Yomuntu Ngamunye: I-ADOS 2 ayikwazi ukuphathwa online noma kude, njengoba incike ekuxhumaneni ngqo, ngokomzimba. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga zokufinyeleleka emindeni ezindaweni ezikude.
• Kungase Kudingeke Ngesinye Isikhathi: Ucwaningo lwakamuva kanye nemibono yochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi odokotela bezingane abanolwazi bangakwazi ukuxilonga i-autism ngokunembayo ngaphandle kwe-ADOS 2, ngokusekelwe emlandweni ocacile wokuhlola nokubuka umthombo. Kwabanye, izinhlu ezinde zokulinda kanye nezindleko eziphakeme ezihlobene ne-ADOS 2 testing zingaba isithiyo ekuxilongweni okufika ngesikhathi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqale izinsizakalo zokusekela.
• Ubunzima Ezingadingeni Ezihlangene: Kwabanye intsha nabantu abadala, ukuhlukanisa i-ASD kwezinye izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanganiswa kungaba nzima. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amaphephandaba aqaphele ukuthi imikhawulo ye-ADOS 2 testing iba sobala kakhudlwana lapho kuhlola abantu abadala abangaludinga ukuhlanganiswa, njengoba izinkinga zokuxhumana komphakathi zingahlangana umthombo.

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele uchwepheshe onolwazi kuzohlala kubheka lezi zinkinga futhi kusebenzise i-ADOS 2 njengomunye wemisebenzi enamandla phakathi kwemisebenzi eminingi enqubeni yokuhlola ukuxilongwa kwe-autism.

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Indlela Yakho Eya Phambili

I-Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS 2) iyithuluzi elibalulekile, elijwayelekile elinikeza imininingwane engoqothelwe mayelana nokuxhumana komphakathi nokuqonda komuntu. Inikeza ulimi oluvamile kubelaphi nendlela enesakhiwo yokubuka izenzo ezingaba zithambile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ingane yakho akuyona isikolo noma ilebula. Lokhu kuhlolwa kumane kuyingxenye yohambo lokukuqonda ubunjalo bayo obuyingqayizivele nokuyithola ukwesekwa edingayo ukuze iphumelele. Noma ngabe yi-ADOS test yezingane ezisencane noma yabantu abadala, umgomo ufana: ukuqonda.

Uma unezinkinga, isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokuthuthukiswa. Bheka inqubo yokuhlolwa hhayi njengesithiyo, kodwa njengesinyathelo esiqhubekayo, esihle sokuvula izimpendulo nokwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile lengane yakho.