Izifo ezithathelwanayo ngocansi (STDs) kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo ngocansi (STIs) ziyizingqondo ezibalulekile empilweni yeningi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi la magama ahilela ubulili kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi anayo incazelo ebanzi. I-STD ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho i-STI ibangela izimpawu noma izinkinga zempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-STI ingaba ukutheleleka okungase kungabonisi noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Lezi zifo zithathelwana ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzelana ngokobulili, okuhlanganisa ubulili besilisa nowesifazane, ubulili besilisa nowesilisa, nobulili bomlomo. Noma kunjalo, ungathola nezinye izifo ze-STDs ne-STIs ngezindlela ezingelona ubulili. Isibonelo, ukwabelana ngezinsimbi noma ukuba nokuthintana eduze kwesikhumba nesikhumba kungasakaza lezi zifo.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ungathola i-STD ngaphandle kokuba nobulili yini? Impendulo inguyebo. Izimo ezithile, njenge-HPV, zingasakazeka ngokuthintana okuthile okungabandakanyi ukungena. Ukutheleleka okuthile kungadluliselwa futhi ngokwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengezicucu noma ama-towels, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona iziqongo noma amaqhubu.

Ukubazi lezi zinto mayelana ne-STDs ne-STIs kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaliseni ukwaziswa nokwenza imikhuba yempilo enhle. Ngokufunda ngendlela lezi zifo ezisakazekayo ngayo, singazinakekela kangcono impilo yethu yobulili kanye nempilo yethu yonke.

Ukuqonda Izindlela Zokusakazeka

Izindlela zokusakazeka zibhekisela ezindleleni izifo ezithathelwanayo ezisakazekayo kumuntu oyedwa noma esilwanyaneni siye kwesinye. Ngaphansi kukhona ithebula elibonisa izindlela ezahlukene zokusakazeka kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nazo.

Indlela Yokusakazeka	Inkulumo	Izibonelo Ezivamile	Izindlela Zokuvimbela
Ukuthintana Ngokukhulu	Kuhilela ukudluliselwa ngokomzimba kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba noma izinto eziphuma emzimbeni.	Ukuthinta isikhumba esithathelwanayo, ubulili, ukubingelela.	Ukuhlanza izandla, izingubo zokuvikela, imikhuba ephephile yobulili.
Ukuthintana Okungadingekile	Izifo ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka ngezinto ezingcolile noma izinto ezithintwayo.	Ama-handles emnyango, amadivayisi ahlanganyelwayo, nama-equipment ezempilo.	Ukuhlanza, ukugeza izandla, ukugwema izinto ezihlanganyelwayo.
Ukusakazeka Komoya	Izifo ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka ngamaconsi amancane emoyeni, ngokuvamile ngokukhokha noma ukukhipha.	Isifo sohlangothi, isifo se-measles, i-COVID-19.	Ukugqoka ama-masks, umoya, nokugwema ukuthintana eduze.
Ukusakazeka Okudluliselwa Yizilwane	Kuhilela ukudluliselwa ngezinambuzane noma izilwane ezithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo.	I-Malaria (izinambuzane), isifo se-Lyme (ama-ticks).	Ukusebenzisa izinto zokugwema izinambuzane, izingubo zokuvikela, kanye neziqephu.
Ukusakazeka Kwesisu-Umlomo	Izifo ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka ngokudla okungcolile, amanzi, noma izandla ngemuva kokuthintana nezinto eziphuma esiswini.	I-Cholera, i-hepatitis A, i-norovirus.	Ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla.

Imisebenzi Engelona Ubulili Engabangela Izifo Ze-STDs

Nakuba izifo ezithathelwanayo ngocansi (STDs) zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuthintana ngokobulili, imisebenzi ethile engelona ubulili nayo ingabangela ukudluliselwa. Ngaphansi kweminye yale misebenzi:

1. Ukwabelana Ngamanemba Noma Ama-Syringes

Ukwabelana ngamanemba ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa noma ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kungabangela ukudluliselwa kwe-STDs ezithathelwana ngegazi, njenge-HIV, i-hepatitis B, ne-hepatitis C. Lezi zifo zingaba khona uma amanemba ezingcolile ngegazi elingcolile.

2. Ukusakazeka Kukamama Kuye Ezinganeni

Izifo ezithile ze-STDs, njenge-HIV ne-syphilis, zingadluliselwa umama othelelekile kuye engwaneni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, noma ukuncelisa. Lokhu kudluliselwa okungelona ubulili kungenzeka ngisho noma kungekho msebenzi wobulili.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwegazi Noma Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamathumbu

Uma igazi noma amathumbu angahlolwa kahle, i-STDs njenge-HIV noma i-hepatitis B ne-C zingadluliselwa ngokuthuthukiswa noma ukuhlukaniswa. Izinhlelo zokuhlola eziqinile zisiza ekuqedeni le ngozi.

4. Izinto Zomuntu Siqu Ezihlanganyelwayo

Ukwabelana ngezinto njengezicucu, amabhrashi amazinyo, noma ama-towels kungabangela ukudluliselwa kwe-STDs njenge-herpes noma i-human papillomavirus (HPV) uma zithinta izinto eziphuma emzimbeni ezingcolile.

5. Ukugoqa Nokwenza I-Tattoo

Ukusebenzisa imishini engcolile yokugoqa umzimba noma ukwenza i-tattoo kungabangela abantu ukuba batheleleke izifo ezithathelwana ngegazi njenge-HIV, i-hepatitis B, noma i-hepatitis C.

Ukuvimbela Nokwaziswa

• Yenza Ukuhlanzeka Okuhle: Geza izandla njalo, futhi gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu (isib. izicucu, amabhrashi amazinyo, ama-towels) ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwe-STDs.

• Gwema Ukwabelana Ngamanemba: Ungabelani ngamanemba noma ama-syringes ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, noma i-tattoo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka kwegazi njenge-HIV ne-hepatitis.

• Thola Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-STDs, okuhlanganisa i-HIV, i-hepatitis, ne-syphilis, kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasezingozini noma labo abanabalingani abaningi.

• Ukugoqa Nokwenza I-Tattoo Okuhle: Qiniseka ukuthi izindawo zokwenza i-tattoo nezikhungo zokugoqa zisebenzisa imishini ehlanzekile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka njenge-hepatitis B ne-C.

• Sebenzisa Ukuvikelwa Ngesikhathi Sokusebenzelana Ngokobulili: Nakuba lokhu kuyindlela yokusebenzelana ngokobulili, ukusebenzisa ama-condoms noma ama-dental dams ngesikhathi sobulili kunciphise kakhulu ingozi ye-STDs njenge-HIV, i-herpes, ne-HPV.

• Fundisa Futhi Uqalise Ukwaziswa: Sasaza ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokusakazeka ezingelona ubulili nobaluleka bemikhuba ephephile, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini engozi enjengokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ukuguqula umzimba.

• Ukuqhafaza: Qhafaza izifo ze-STDs ezivimbeka njenge-hepatitis B ne-human papillomavirus (HPV).

• Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kukamama kuye engwaneni ye-STDs njenge-HIV ne-syphilis.

• Yazi Izimpawu: Yazi izimpawu ezivamile ze-STD futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kukhona izimpawu ezivela. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela ubunzima nokudluliselwa kwabanye.

Isifinyeto

Ukuvimbela nokubona izifo ze-STDs kuhilela ukwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukugwema ukwabelana ngamanemba noma izinto zomuntu siqu, nokuqinisekisa izimo ezihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokugoqa nokwenza i-tattoo. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-STDs, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasezingozini, kubalulekile ekutholeni kwasekuqaleni nasekuvimbeleni. Ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sobulili, ukuqhafaza izifo ze-STDs ezivimbeka njenge-hepatitis B ne-HPV, nokufundisa abanye ngezindlela zokusakazeka ezingelona ubulili kusiza ekuqedeni ukusakazeka kwezifo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kukamama kuye engwaneni, nokwazi izimpawu ze-STD kukhuthaza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwangokushesha. Lezi zinyathelo zihlangene zisiza ekuvikeleni abantu nemiphakathi ekusakazeni kwe-STDs.