Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamagagasi e-gallbladder nama-kidney stones?

Amatye agadile namatshe eqephukwini yizinkinga ezivamile zempilo ezingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kungadingeka usizo lwezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ahlukene kanjani.

Amatye agadile akha ephusheni futhi enziwe ikakhulu yi-kolesterol noma i-bilirubin. Avamile kakhulu, athinta cishe i-10-15% yabantu abadala e-United States. Izimpawu zingaba kusukela ekuzweleni okuncane esiswini kuye ebuhlungwini obukhulu noma ngisho nokufiphaza kwesikhumba (i-jaundice). Ukubamba amatye agadile ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Amatshe eqephukwini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akha eqephukwini lapho amaminerali namanzi eqoqana futhi eqinile. Cishe i-12% yabantu abadala bayoba natshe leqephukwini ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwabo. La matshetse angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, igazi emathisini, nesidingo sokuya emathisini njalo. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa izivivinyo zokubonisa ukuze bazibone, futhi izinketho zokwelapha ziyahluka kuye ngobukhulu nohlobo lwetshe.

Ngisho noma amatye agadile namatshe eqephukwini angaba nezimpawu ezifanayo, akha ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi izimbangela zazo nezici eziyingozi azifani. Ukubazi le mihlukano kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulungile nokuvimbela. Ngokuqonda amatye agadile namatshe eqephukwini, abantu bangakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nalezi zinkinga zempilo ezivamile.

Yini Amatye Agadile?

Amatye agadile yizinhlayiya eziqinile ezakha ephusheni, ilungu elincane elisezansi yelaphe elikhiqiza ubisi, olikhuthaza ukugaya. La matshetse ahlukile ngobukhulu, kusuka ezinhlayiweni ezincane kuya ezinkulu, ezinkulu njengebhola legolfi, futhi angabangela ukungakhululeki noma izinkinga ezingathi sína.

1. Izinhlobo Zamatshe Agadile

• Amatye Agadile E-kolesterol: Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu futhi lenziwe ikakhulu yi-kolesterol eqinile. Akha lapho kukhona i-kolesterol eningi kakhulu egazini.

• Amatye agadile e-pigment: La matshetse amancane enziwe yi-bilirubin engaphezulu, into eyenziwa lapho umzimba uqhekeza amangqamuzana egazi. Amatye e-pigment amnyama futhi avame ukuxhumene nezimo ezithinta isibindi noma amangqamuzana egazi.

2. Izimbangela Nezici Eziyingozi

• Ukukhuluphala: Isisindo esingaphezulu sanda ingozi yokwakha amatye agadile e-kolesterol ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-kolesterol ephusheni.

• Ukukhulelwa: Ukushintsha kwamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa amathuba okwakha amatye agadile.

• Iminyaka nobulili: Amatye agadile avame kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40 nakwabesifazane, ikakhulu labo abake baba nezingane eziningi.

• Ukudla: Ukudla okunemafutha amaningi, okunefayibha encane kungase kuhlanganyele ekwakheni amatye agadile.

3. Izimpawu Zamatshe Agadile

• Amatye agadile angase angabi nazimpawu, kodwa uma avivinya imijikelezo yobisi, angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu (i-biliary colic), isicanucanu, nokugabha. Lesi simo siyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela kwephushana.

4. Izinketho Zokwelapha

• Izindlela zokwelapha ezingelona ubuyekezo zingafaka imithi noma i-lithotripsy (ukwelashwa kwamaza omshini). Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa okuvamile kwamatshe agadile ukwenza ubuyekezo ukususa iphusha (i-cholecystectomy).

Yini Amatshe Eqephukwini?

Amatshe eqephukwini yizinto ezincane, eziqinile zamaminerali namanzi aqinile aqinile ngaphakathi kweqephukwini. La matshetse angaba ngobukhulu kusuka ezinkristalini ezincane kuya ematshe amakhulu, abangela ubuhlungu angase avivinye indlela yokukhishwa kwamathisini.

1. Izinhlobo Zamatshe Eqephukwini

• Amatshe e-Calcium: Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, oluenziwe yi-calcium oxalate noma i-calcium phosphate, oluhlangene kakhulu namazinga aphezulu e-calcium emathisini.

• Amatshe e-Struvite: La matshetse akha ngenxa yokutheleleka kwemijikelezo yomchamo futhi avame ukukhulu futhi angakhula ngokushesha.

• Amatshe e-Uric Acid: Akha lapho kukhona i-uric acid eningi kakhulu emathisini, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokusweleka kwamanzi noma ukudla okune-purine eningi njengenyamasende.

• Amatshe e-Cystine: La matshetse ayindida futhi akha ngenxa yesifo sokuzalwa esibizwa nge-cystinuria, esibangela amazinga aphezulu e-cystine emathisini.

2. Izimbangela Nezici Eziyingozi

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi: Ukungena kwamanzi okungenele kusenza ukuba amanzi abe maningi, okwandisa amathuba okwakha amatshe.

• Izici Zokudla: Ukudla okune-sodium eningi, i-oxalates, neprotheni yezilwane kungase kuhlanganyele ematshe eqephukwini.

• Umlando Womndeni: I-genetics idlala indima, futhi abantu abanomlando womndeni wamatshe eqephukwini baphazanyiswa kakhulu.

• Izimo Ezithile Zokwelapha: Izimo ezinjenge-hyperparathyroidism, ukukhuluphala, noshukela zingandisa ingozi yokwakha amatshe eqephukwini.

3. Izimpawu Zamatshe Eqephukwini

• Amatshe eqephukwini angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ngokuvamile emuva noma eceleni, i-hematuria (igadi emathisini), ukuya emathisini njalo, nesicanucanu.

4. Izinketho Zokwelapha

• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu: Imithi yokulawula ubuhlungu ivame ukusetshenziswa.

• Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzeka: Nga matshetse amakhulu, ukwelashwa okunjenge-shock wave therapy (i-lithotripsy) noma ubuyekezo kungadingeka ukuze kuqhekeze noma kususe amatshe.

Ukuqhathanisa: Amatye Agadile vs Amatshe Eqephukwini

Amatye agadile namatshe eqephukwini zombili izimo ezinobunhlungu ezihilela ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinile, kodwa zenzeka ezihlokweni ezahlukene futhi zinazizimbangela, izimpawu, nokwelashwa okuhlukile. Nansi uqhathaniso lwombili:

1. Indawo

• Amatye Agadile: Akha ephushini, ilungu elincane elingaphansi kwesibindi elikhiqiza ubisi.

• Amatshe Eqephukwini: Akha eqephukwini, elikhuthaza ukususa udoti egazini nokukhiqiza amanzi.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa

• Amatye Agadile: Enziwe ikakhulu yi-kolesterol noma i-bilirubin (amatye e-pigment).

• Amatshe Eqephukwini: Ngokuvamile enziwe yi-calcium, i-uric acid, noma i-cystine, kuye ngohlobo.

3. Izimbangela

• Amatye Agadile: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa mazinga aphezulu e-kolesterol, ukukhuluphala, ukushintsha kwamahomoni, noma izifo ezithile.

• Amatshe Eqephukwini: Kubangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi, izici zokudla, izimo zezokwelapha ezinjengoshukela, noma ukuthambekela kwezakhiwo.

4. Izimpawu

• Amatye Agadile: Ngokuvamile awanazimpawu kodwa angabangela ubuhlungu esiswini esiphezulu, isicanucanu, ukugabha, ne-biliary colic uma avivinya imijikelezo yobisi.

• Amatshe Eqephukwini: Abangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ngokuvamile emuva noma eceleni, i-hematuria, i-sicanucanu, nokuya emathisini njalo.

5. Ukwelashwa

• Amatye Agadile: Ngokuvamile welashwa nge-cholecystectomy (ukususa iphusha) uma kuvela izimpawu.

• Amatshe Eqephukwini: welashwa ngokulawula ubuhlungu, ukunisela, nezinqubo ezinjenge-lithotripsy noma ubuyekezo ukususa amatshe amakhulu.

Isifinyeto

Amatye agadile akha ephusheni futhi enziwe ikakhulu yi-kolesterol noma i-bilirubin, kuyilapho amatshe eqephukwini akha eqephukwini, ngokuvamile enziwe yi-calcium, i-uric acid, noma i-cystine. Amatye agadile avame ukubangelwa yi-kolesterol eningi, ukukhuluphala, noma ukushintsha kwamahomoni futhi angase angabi nazimpawu kuze avivinye imijikelezo yobisi, kubangele ubuhlungu, isicanucanu, noma ukugabha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amatshe eqephukwini abangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi, ukudla, noma izimo zezokwelapha futhi abangela ubuhlungu obukhulu emuva noma eceleni, igazi emathisini, nokuya emathisini njalo.

Ukwelashwa kwamatshe agadile kuvame ukubandakanya ukususa iphusha (i-cholecystectomy), kuyilapho amatshe eqephukwini aphathwa ngokulawula ubuhlungu, ukunisela, nezinqubo ezinjenge-lithotripsy noma ubuyekezo ngamatshe amakhulu. Naphezu kokufana kwabo ekubangeleni ubuhlungu, amatye agadile namatshe eqephukwini ahlukile ekuqaleni kwawo, izimpawu, nokwelashwa.