Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eliphelele (CBC) kuyivivinyo elijwayelekile nelibalulekile lelebhu elihlola izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lakho. Ngokuyinhloko lilinganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli, kufaka phakathi amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, namaplatelets. Lelivivinyo linokusetshenziswa okuningi, njengokuhlola impilo yakho yonke nokuqaphela izimo ezinjengokuhlupheka kwegazi, ukutheleleka, namanye ama-cancer.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yezivivinyo ze-CBC iwukuthi **zingasiza ekutholeni izimpawu ezingaba khona ze-HIV.** I-HIV, noma i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus, ithinta isimiso somzimba, ikakhulukazi ihlose amaseli e-CD4, abalulekile ekulweni nokutheleleka. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kungenakukuqinisekisa i-HIV, kungabonisa izinguquko ezingase ziphakamise ukutheleleka. Ngokwesibonelo, inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi, ikakhulukazi izinga eliphansi le-lymphocytes (uhlobo lweselula elimhlophe egazi), lingabonisa ukuthi i-HIV ingase ithinte kanjani isimiso sakho somzimba. Futhi, ukuhlupheka kwegazi—okubonakala ngamanani aphansi e-hemoglobin—kungenzeka kubantu abane-HIV ephambili.

Uma odokotela bebheka imiphumela ye-CBC, bafuna lezi zinkomba ukuze banqume ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo, kufanele kusetshenziswe kanye nezinye izivivinyo ze-HIV ezithile ukuze kube nokuxilongwa okuphelele.

Ukuqonda Izingxenye ZokuHlolwa kwe-CBC

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eliphelele (CBC) kuhlola izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yonke nokubona izifo. Ngezansi zingezihloko eziyinhloko ezikuvivinyo lwe-CBC:

1. Inani Lamaseli Abomvu Egazi (RBC)

• Linganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, athwala i-oksijini emzimbeni wonke.

• Amazinga angajwayelekile angabonisa ukuhlupheka kwegazi, ukuncipha kwamanzi, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

2. I-Hemoglobin ne-Hematocrit

• I-Hemoglobin: ibonisa iprotheni emaseleni abomvu egazi ethwala i-oksijini.

• I-Hematocrit: Linganisa ingxenye yomthamo wegazi egcwaliswe amaseli abomvu egazi.

• Amazinga aphansi aphakamisa ukuhlupheka kwegazi, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu angabonisa ukuncipha kwamanzi noma i-polycythemia.

3. Inani Lamaseli Amhlophe Egazi (WBC)

• Hlola inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi, alwa nokutheleleka.

• Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, noma ukucindezeleka; amazinga aphansi angabonisa ukucindezelwa kokulwa nokutheleleka.

4. Inani Lama-Platelets

• Linganisa ama-platelets, abalulekile ekwenzeni igazi libe yi-coagulant.

• Amazinga aphansi ama-platelets (i-thrombocytopenia) andisa ingozi yokopha, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu (i-thrombocytosis) angabangela izinkinga zokwenza igazi libe yi-coagulant.

5. Ubukhulu Bamaseli Abomvu Egazi (MCV)

• Hlola ubukhulu besilinganiso samaseli abomvu egazi.

• Amazinga e-MCV angajwayelekile asisiza ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo zokuhlupheka kwegazi (isib. i-microcytic noma i-macrocytic).

6. I-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) ne-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

• I-MCH ibonisa inani lesilinganiso le-hemoglobin kuwo wonke amaseli abomvu egazi.

• I-MCHC ilinganisa ukugxila kwe-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

• Lezi zinto zisiza ekuxilongeni izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlupheka kwegazi.

7. Ububanzi Bokusabalala Kwamaseli Abomvu Egazi (RDW)

• Hlola ukuguquguquka obukhulu besayizi yamaseli abomvu egazi.

• I-RDW ephezulu ingabonisa ukushoda kokudla noma izifo ze-bone marrow.

8. Izimpawu ezengeziwe

• Inani Lama-Neutrophil (ANC): Ibonisa ikhono lokulwa nokutheleleka.

• Inani le-Reticulocyte: linganisa amaseli abomvu egazi angakabi avuthiwe ukuze kuhlolwe umsebenzi we-bone marrow.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yegazi, okuholela ekuxilongweni nasekuphathweni kwezimo ezahlukene.

Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Ze-HIV Emiphumeleni YokuHlolwa kwe-CBC

Umbonisi	Inkulumo	Ukuthinta kwe-HIV
Inani Eliphansi Lamaseli Amhlophe Egazi (WBC)	Inani le-WBC elinciphile, ikakhulukazi i-lymphocytes, libonisa ukucindezeleka kokulwa nokutheleleka.	Iphakamisa ukucindezeleka kokulwa nokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-HIV.
Inani Eliphansi Lama-Platelets (i-Thrombocytopenia)	Ama-platelets amancane angandisa ingozi yokopha.	Kujwayelekile ku-HIV ephambili ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwe-bone marrow noma izimo ezihambisana nayo.
I-Hemoglobin Ephansi (Ukuhlupheka Kwegazi)	Ukuncipha kokuthwala i-oksijini kwegazi.	Kubonakala kaningi kubantu abane-HIV ngenxa yesifo esiqhubekayo, ukushoda kokudla, noma imiphumela yemithi.
I-Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Ephezulu	Ukuguquguquka okukhulu obukhulu besayizi yamaseli abomvu egazi.	Kungabonisa ukushoda kokudla, njenge-vitamin B12 noma i-folate, okujwayelekile kubantu abane-HIV.
Inani Eliphakeme Le-Absolute Monocyte	Amazinga e-monocyte aphezulu.	Kungabonisa impendulo yokulwa nokutheleleka ekuthelelekeni okungenzeka ku-HIV.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwezivivinyo Ze-CBC Ekuxilongweni kwe-HIV

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi eliphelele (CBC) kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola impilo yonke nokusebenza kokulwa nokutheleleka, kunokulinganiselwa uma kuziwa ekuxilongweni kwe-HIV. Ngezansi zimiqondo yokulinganiselwa:

1. Ukwehluleka Ukuba Nokucaciswa Kwe-HIV: Imiphumela ye-CBC ingabonisa izinguquko ezibonakala ezimweni ezahlukene, hhayi i-HIV kuphela. Inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi noma ukuhlupheka kwegazi, ngokwesibonelo, kungenziwa yizifo eziningi.

2. Ukwehluleka Ukuthola I-HIV Ngokuqondile: Izivivinyo ze-CBC azilinganisi i-HIV noma ukuba khona kwayo emzimbeni. Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kudinga izivivinyo ezikhethekile, njengezivivinyo ze-HIV antigen/antibody noma izivivinyo ze-PCR, ezithola i-virus noma impendulo yokulwa nokutheleleka.

3. Izinkomba Zesigaba Esingaphambili: Izinqubo ze-CBC ezihambisana ne-HIV (njengenani eliphansi le-WBC noma ukuhlupheka kwegazi) zivame ukwenzeka ezigabeni eziphambili zokutheleleka. Ukutheleleka kwe-HIV kwasekuqaleni kungase kungabonisi ukungahambi kahle okukhulu ku-CBC, okungenzeka ukulibazisa ukuxilongwa.

4. Ithonya Lemithi Nokutheleleka Okubambisene: Ukwelashwa nge-antiretroviral (ART) noma ezinye izidakamizwa kungathinta imiphumela ye-CBC. Ukutheleleka okubambisene nezinye izifo kubantu abane-HIV kungakhohlisa imiphumela, okwenza ukuhumusha kube nzima kakhulu.

5. Ukuhlolwa Kwesimiso Sokulwa Nokutheleleka Sonke: I-CBC inikeza umbono ophelele wempilo yokulwa nokutheleleka kodwa ayilinganisi ngokuqondile izinguquko zokulwa nokutheleleka ezihlobene ne-HIV, njengenani lamaseli e-CD4 T. Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV okuchane kakhulu kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqondiswe ngqo okuqapha umthamo we-virus namanani e-CD4.

Isifinyeto

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eliphelele (CBC) kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngempilo yegazi ngokuhlola izingxenye ezinjengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelets. Endabeni ye-HIV, imiphumela ye-CBC ingabonisa ukucindezeleka kokulwa nokutheleleka ngezimpawu ezinjengenani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi (ikakhulukazi i-lymphocytes), ukuhlupheka kwegazi, ne-thrombocytopenia. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukwenzeka ezigabeni eziphambili ze-HIV, eziqapha umthelela we-virus emsebenzini wokulwa nokutheleleka nasemsebenzini we-bone marrow. I-RDW ephezulu namanani e-monocyte angase aphakamise nemiphumela yesibili ye-HIV, njengokushoda kokudla noma ukutheleleka okungenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo ze-CBC zinokulinganiselwa ekuxilongweni kwe-HIV. Azinawo ukucaciswa, njengoba ukungahambi kahle njengoba kunani eliphansi le-WBC noma ukuhlupheka kwegazi kungenziwa yizimo ezahlukene ezingahlobene ne-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ze-CBC azikwazi ukuthola i-virus ngokuqondile noma ukuqaphela ukutheleleka kwe-HIV kwasekuqaleni, okungenzeka kungabonisi izinguquko ezinkulu. Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV okuchane kakhulu kudinga izivivinyo ezithile, njenge-antigen/antibody assays noma ukulinganiswa komthamo we-virus, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwe-virus nokulinganisa umthelela wayo esimisweni somzimba.