Yini Izinga Eliphezulu Engcupheni Yomzimba LobUN Futhi Kufanele Wazi Kani Ngayo?

Izinga lobUN elingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-milligrams nge-deciliter ngokuvamile libhekwa njengelingaphezulu kakhulu futhi ludinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, ingcuphe ingaqala kusenesikhathi kuye ngokuthi kungani amazinga akho ayenyuka nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngizokuhambisa ukuthi ubUN busho ukuthini empeleni, nini izinombolo ziba zokukhathazeka, nokuthi lokhu kungase kubonise kuthini ngempilo yakho.

UbUN Busho Ukuthini Empeleni?

UbUN umele igama elithi blood urea nitrogen. Lilinganisa ukuthi kukhona i-nitrogen engakanani esuka ku-urea egazini lakho. I-urea yimfucuza umzimba owenziwa isibindi lapho usuhlukanisa amaprotheni owadlayo. Izinsizwa zakho bese ziyikhipha nge-mchapo.

Lapho izinsizwa zakho zisebenza kahle, zikhipha i-urea ngempumelelo. Lokhu kugcina izinga lakho lobUN libe sebunxantweni obunempilo. Kepha lapho kukhona okuthinta izinsizwa zakho noma ezinye izinhlelo zomzimba, i-urea ingabongama egazini lakho. Lokho kungagcwala kubonakala njengezinga eliphezulu lobUN kumiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwamalabhorethri.

Odokotela basebenzisa leli hlobo lokuhlola ukuze bahlole ukuthi izinsizwa zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Bayalibheka kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuze baqonde isithombe sakho sempilo jikelele. Cabanga ngalo njengengxenye eyodwa ebalulekile kunye nombhalo omkhulu mayelana nezidingo zomzimba wakho.

Yimaphi Amanzi Avamile ObUN?

Amanzi avamile obUN ngokuvamile asuka ku-7 kuye ku-20 milligrams nge-deciliter. Amanye amalabhorethri angasebenzisa ububanzi obuhlukile kancane, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-24. Ilabhorethri yakho ethize izobhala ububanzi bayo bokubhekisela kuyo kumiphumela yakho.

Izinto eziningana zingashintsha lokho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kuwe. Ubudala bakho, ubulili, kanye nezinga lemisipha konke kunendima. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile banezinga eliphezulu kancane ngoba ukusebenza kwezinsizwa kwehluka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu emisipha bangase futhi babe nezinga eliphezulu kancane ngoba ukuhlukana kwemisipha kudala i-urea eyengeziwe.

Ukudla kwakho nakho kubalulekile. Uma udla amaprotheni amaningi, ubUN wakho ungase ube ngaphezulu kobubanzi obuvamile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho unamaprotheni amaningi ongawahlukanisa. Ukuhlala u-hydrated kahle kungagcina amazinga esebunxantweni obunempilo.

UbUN Buyoba Nemibuzo Nini?

Amazinga obUN aqala ukukhathazeka lapho enyuka engaphezu kuka-20 kuye ku-25 milligrams nge-deciliter. Kepha izinga lokukhathazeka lincike kakhulu esiqintini. Ukuphakama kwe-30 kungase kufune ukuqaphelwa eduze nokuhlola izimbangela. Amazinga phakathi kuka-40 no-60 akhombisa ukwehla kwezinsizwa okulinganiselayo noma ezinye izinkinga ezibalulekile ezidinga ukunakwa.

Lapho ubUN ufinyelela ku-60 kuye ku-100 milligrams nge-deciliter, odokotela babhekisa lokhu njengokukhuphuka kakhulu. Umzimba wakho usezinkingeni zokukhipha imfucuza kahle. Ungase uqale ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, isicanucanu, noma ukudideka. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kuba ngokuphuthuma kakhulu kulesi sigaba.

Amazinga angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-milligrams nge-deciliter angafaka esigebengwini esiyingozi. Ngalesi sikhathi, imfucuza iye yanda yafinyelela amazinga ayinabuthi emzimbeni wakho. Lesi simo, esibizwa nge-uremia, singathinta ubuchopho bakho, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezibi.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi, isivinini sokukhuphuka sibaluleke njengenombolo ngokwayo. Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-50 phakathi nezinsuku kungase kubonise inkinga ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Ukukhuphuka okuhleliwe kwezigidi zezinyanga kungase kubonise isimo esingapheli esidinga ukuphathwa kodwa esingesona esiyingozi ngokushesha.

Yini Ebangela Ukukhuphuka Kwamanzi ObUN?

Izimo eziningi ezihlukene zingaphakamisa amazinga akho obUN ukuba angaphezu kokujwayelekile. Ukuqonda amathuba kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqonde ukuthi kwenzakalani emzimbeni wakho. Ngizokwehlukanisa izimbangela ezijwayelekile kuqala, bese ngalapho kungavamile ukuthi kufanele wazi ngazo.

Izizathu Ezivamile Ukuthi UbUN Bakho Bungaba Ngaphezulu

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhuphuka ubUN zihilela izinsizwa zakho, isimo sakho sokugcwalisa, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni. Lezi zimo zithinta abantu abaningi futhi ngokuvamile ziyaphathwa lapho sezibonakala.

• Ukuminyeka kwamanzi kunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ezinsizweni zakho futhi kuhlanganisa imfucuza egazini lakho. Ngisho nokuminyeka kwamanzi okuncane okubangelwa ukugula, ukushisa, noma ukungaphuzi amanzi anele kungakhuphula ubUN wakho okwesikhashana.

• Isifo sezinsizwa esingapheli senzeka lapho izinsizwa zakho kancane kancane zil ka ukukhipha imfucuza. Lena enye yezizathu ezivamile kakhulu zamazinga aphezulu obUN njalo. Umonakalo uthuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni.

• Ukulimala okubukhali kwezinsizwa kwenzeka lapho izinsizwa zakho zinquma ukusebenza kahle ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukugula okubucayi, noma ukuvezwa imithi ethile. UbUN wakho bungakhuphuka ngokushesha kulesi simo.

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke, kufaka phakathi ezinsizweni. Lapho izinsizwa zakho zithola igazi elincane, azikwazi ukukhipha imfucuza ngempumelelo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-urea yongezeke.

• Izivimbamgqebelo zomchamo ziyavimbela umchamo ukuthi ungaphuma emzimbeni wakho ngokujwayelekile. Indlala enkulu, amatshe ezinsizweni, noma imidlwane ingakha lezi zimvimbamgqebelo. Imfucuza ibuyela emzimbeni wakho lapho umchamo ungaphumi.

• Ukudla okuneprotheni omningi noma ukopha kwamathumbu kwandisa inani lamaprotheni umzimba wakho okufanele uwahlukanise. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaprotheni okwengeziwe kusho ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwe-urea. UbUN wakho uyakhuphuka ngisho noma izinsizwa zakho zisebenza kahle.

Lezi zimo zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinkulu zamazinga aphezulu obUN ongahlangana nazo. Udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola lezi zinketho kuqala lapho amazinga akho ebukhombisa.

Izimbangela Ezingavamile Kodwa Ezibalulekile

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile zingaphinda zikhuphule amazinga obUN kakhulu. Yize kungavamile, ukuqonda lezi zinketho kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okushiywa ngaphandle.

• Ukushiswa okubucayi okuhlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zomzimba wakho kubangela ukuhlukana okukhulu kwamaprotheni kusuka emzimbeni owonakele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amasistimu akho nge-urea kuyilapho kungase kube nomthelela emsebenzini wezinsizwa kusuka ekushayweni nasegazi elinciphayo.

• Isifo seCushing sidala i-cortisol eningi emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga aphezulu e-cortisol andisa ukuhlukana kwamaprotheni emizipha nasezindabeni zakho. Lesi sifo esingavamile samahomoni singaphakamisa amazinga obUN ukuthi angaphezu kokulindelekile.

• Ukulamba noma ukungondleki kakhulu kuphoqa umzimba wakho ukuba uhlukanise umzimba wemisipha ukuze uthole amandla. Le nqubo ikhulula inani elikhulu lemfucuza yamaprotheni. UbUN wakho uyakhuphuka ngisho noma ungadli amaprotheni amaningi.

• Imithambo ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta izinsizwa noma isinye, ingaphazamisa ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwemfucuza. Imithambo ethile iphinda ibangele ukuhlukana kwamaprotheni ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke.

• Imithi ye-tetracycline yokulwa namagciwane ngamanani aphezulu ingakhuphula ubUN ngokuthinta ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni. Lokhu kuyisivivinyo esaziwayo salo mndeni womuthi lapho usetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile.

• I-renal artery stenosis inciphisa imithambo yokuhambisa igazi ezinsizweni zakho. Igazi elincishisiwe lilinganisa ukusebenza kwezinsizwa. Lesi simo sivame ukuthuthuka ngokungabonakali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokubangela ubUN obukhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzocabanga umlando wakho ophelele wezempilo, izimpawu, neminye imiphumela yokuhlola ukuze anqume ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esifanele isimo sakho. Kungavamile ukuthi lezi zimo zivele zodwa ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu.

Yimaphi Izimpawu Ongase Uzizwe NobUN Bungaphezulu?

Ukwanda okuncane kuya okulinganiselayo kubUN ngokuvamile akubangeli zimpawu nhlobo. Ungase uzizwe ugcwele futhi uthole izinga eliphezulu kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma unezimo ezingenza ingozi ezinkingeni zezinsizwa.

Njengoba ubUN uqhubeka nokukhuphuka, izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala kancane kancane. Umzimba wakho usezinkingeni nokugcwala kwemfucuza kanye nesimo esiyisisekelo esibangela ukwanda. Lezi zibonakaliso ngokuvamile zivame kancane kangangokuthi ungase ungaziboni ngokushesha.

Lapho ubUN ukhuphuka ifaka ebunxantweni obuyingozi kakhulu, izimpawu ziba nzima ukuzishaya indiva. Ngizokuhambisa ukuthi ungazizwa kanjani njengoba amazinga eyanda.

• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka ngokuvamile kuyavela ekuqaleni. Imisipha yakho izizwa ikhathele futhi inesisindo. Imisebenzi elula idinga umzamo omkhulu kunokwejwayelekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imfucuza iphazamisa indlela izicubu zakho ezikhiqiza ngayo amandla.

• Isicanucanu nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla kuyavela njengoba ubuthi bugcwala emzimbeni wakho. Ukudla kungase kubonakale kungathandeki noma kukwenze uzizwe ugula. Ungase futhi uhlanze, ikakhulukazi ekuseni.

• Ukudideka kanye nobunzima bokugxila kuyavela lapho ubUN ufinyelela amazinga aphezulu. Ukucabanga kwakho kuzizwa kungabonakali noma kuncane. Ungaba nobunzima ngokukhumbula izinto noma ukulandela izingxoxo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-uremia ithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho.

• Ukudumba ezinyaweni zakho, ezindololweni, noma ebusweni kwenzeka lapho izinsizwa zakho zingakwazi ukukhipha uketshezi olungaphezu. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi izicathulo zakho ziyasikhahlela noma izindandatho azibafaki. Ukuvuvukala ngokuvamile kuyanda ekupheleni kosuku.

• Izinguquko kumaphethini omchamo zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kwezinsizwa. Ungase ugcwalise kakhulu noma kancane kunokwejwayelekile. Umchamo wakho ungase ubonakale uziyeke, umnyama, noma ube negazi. Lezi zinguquko zifanele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Ukuphelelwa umoya kungavela ngenxa yokugcwala koketshezi emiphusheni yakho noma ngenxa ye-anemia. Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya ukhuphuka izitebhisi noma ulalele. Le sikhathi ngokuvamile ibonisa izinkinga eziphambili zezinsizwa.

• Ukulunywa kulo lonke umzimba wakho kwenzeka lapho imfucuza iye yagcwala esikhunjeni sakho. Ukulunywa kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukukudambisa ngama-lotion ajwayelekile. Le sikhathi ngokuvamile iyavela nobUN obukhulu.

Lezi zimpawu azisho njalo ukuthi ubUN wakho uyingozi kakhulu, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi kukhona okudinga ukuhlola kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukunquma ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene nobUN obukhulu noma esinye isimo nhlobo.

Izimpawu Ezibi Ezidinga Ukunakekelwa Okungakhawulelwe

Lapho ubUN ufinyelela amazinga ayingozi ngempela, izimpawu ezimangalisa kakhudlwana zingavela. Lezi zibonakaliso zibonisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwemfucuza kuthinta kakhulu umzimba wakho nobuchopho bakho. Udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kulokhu.

• Ukudideka okubucayi, ukulahlekelwa yiqiniso, noma izinguquko ekuqaphelweni zibonisa i-uremic encephalopathy. Ubuchopho bakho buthintekayo ngamaleveli ka ubuthi obuphezulu. Ungase ungazi abantu noma izindawo ojwayele ukuzazi.

• Amakhanse angavela lapho i-uremia iba nzima ngokwanele ukucasula izicubu zobuchopho. Lezi zingase zibe zimfushane noma zibe yinde futhi zidinge ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukuvimbela ukulimala.

• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ingcindezi kungabonisa i-pericarditis, okuyingobhobo ebungezungeze inhliziyo yakho. I-uremia ingabangela le nkinga ebucayi. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buyanda lapho ulala phansi noma uphefumula kakhulu.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuthatha umoya ngaphandle kokuphelelwa umoya okuncane kubonisa uketshezi emiphusheni yakho noma izinkinga ezibi zomzimba. Lokhu kufuna ukungenelela okungakhawulelwe kwezokwelapha.

• Ukuncipha komchamo noma cha umchamo nhlobo kusho ukuthi izinsizwa zakho zingase ziyeke ukusebenza. Le nkinga yezokwelapha idinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga.

Lezi zimpawu ezibi azivamile kodwa zimelela izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ngempela. Uma wena noma umuntu omkhonzayo uzizwa, shayela amasevisi aphuthumayo noma uye esikhungweni esiseduze sezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela ukulimala okungapheli futhi kusindise izimpilo.

Odokotela Bahlola Kanjani Isizathu SobUN Obuphezulu?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuyekezwa umlando wakho wezempilo nemithi oyisebenzisayo manje. Imithi eminingi ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinsizwa noma amazinga obUN. Bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukudla, ukuthatha uketshezi, kanye nanoma yiziphi izifo zakamuva. Le ngxoxo ihlinzeka ngomongo obalulekile wokuchaza imiphumela yakho yokuhlola amalabhorethri.

Okulandelayo ukuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ingcindezi yakho yegazi, afune ukuvuvukala, futhi alalele inhliziyo nemiphushe yakho. Bangase bacindezele kancane esiswini sakho ukuhlola izinsizwa ne-bladder yakho. Lezi zivivinyo ezilula zinikeza izimpawu ezibalulekile ngalokho okungase kwenzakale.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kunikeza ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu lokuthola isifo. Ngizochaza ukuthi udokotela wakho angase ayale ini nokuthi kungani ukuhlola ngakunye kubalulekile.

• I-Creatinine yimfucuza enye esetshenziswa izinsizwa zakho. Ukuyibheka kanye nobUN kusiza ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukusebenza kwezinsizwa ngempela kuhlala kubi. Isilinganiso sobUN kuya ku-creatinine singakhomba ezimbangeni ezithile.

• Iphaneli yama-electrolyte ilinganisa i-sodium, i-potassium, nezinye izimbiwa egazini lakho. Izinkinga zezinsizwa ngokuvamile zihlupha lezi zingabhalansi. I-potassium ephezulu, ikakhulukazi, ingaba yingozi futhi idinga ukuqaphelwa.

• Ukubala okugcwele kwamagazi kuhlole i-anemia nezibonakaliso zokugula. Isifo sezinsizwa esingapheli ngokuvamile sibangela i-anemia. Ukugula kungakhipha ukulimala okubukhali kwezinsizwa noma kubi kakhulu izinkinga ezikhona zezinsizwa.

• I-Urinalysis ihlola umchamo wakho ngephrotheni, igazi, nezibonakaliso zokugula. Iphrotheni kumchamo wakho ibonisa ukulimala kwezinsizwa. Igazi lingakhombisa amatshe, ukugula, noma ezinye izinkinga zomgudu womchamo.

• Izinga lokuhlanzwa kwe-glomerular, noma i-GFR, lilinganisa ukuthi izinsizwa zakho zikhipha imfucuza kahle kangakanani. Lesi sibalo sisebenzisa izinga lakho le-creatinine, ubudala, ubulili, kanye nohlanga. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kwezinsizwa.

Kuye ngokuthi lezi zivivinyo zokuqala zibonisa ini, udokotela wakho angase ancome izifundo ezingeziwe. Lezi zisiza ukunquma isizathu esiqondile futhi ziqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Izivivinyo Ezingeziwe Udokotela Wakho Angase Ayalele

Ngezikhathi ezithile izivivinyo zokuqala zegazi nomchamo azinikezi isithombe esiphelele. Udokotela wakho angase adinge imininingwane eningiliziwe ukuze aqonde ukuthi kungani ubUN wakho uphezu kakhulu futhi ungawulapha kanjani ngempumelelo.

• I-ultrasound yezinsizwa isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukudala izithombe zezinsizwa zakho. Lesi sivivinyo esingabuhlungu singabonisa usayizi wezinsizwa, izinkinga zokwakha, amatshe, noma izivimbamgqebelo. Kusiza ukuthola izimbangela zomzimba zobUN obukhulu.

• I-CT scan noma i-MRI inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane kune-ultrasound. Lezi zivivinyo zingabonisa imidlwane, amatshe ezinsizwa ayinkimbinkimbi, noma izinkinga zemithambo yegazi. Udokotela wakho uziyala lapho imiphumela ye-ultrasound ingacacile noma ikhathazayo.

• Ukuhlinzwa kwezinsizwa kuhlanganisa ukuthatha isampuli encane yomzimba wezinsizwa ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwemikroskopu. Lesi sivivinyo esihlaselayo sigcinelwe izimo ezithile lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingakwazi ukuthola isizathu. Inikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokulimala kwezinsizwa.

• I-Doppler ultrasound yezinsizwa ihlola ngokukhethekile ukugeleza kwegazi ezinsizweni zakho. Ingathola imithambo ewajojelekile noma evimbekile. Ukuhamba kwegazi okungcono yisizathu esiphathwayo sobUN obukhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi kungani encoma izivivinyo ezithile esimo sakho. Akuyona yonke into ene-BUN ephezulu edinga zonke lezi zivivinyo. Indlela yokuthola isifo incike ezimpawini zakho, izingozi, nemiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola.

Yimaphi Amanzi Okwelapha ObUN Obuphezulu?

Ukwelashwa kobUN obuphezulu kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okubangela ukukhuphuka. Akukho muthi owodwa noma inqubo eyodwa eyokwehlisa ubUN ngokwayo. Kunalokho, udokotela wakho ubhekana nesimo esiyisisekelo esithinta izinsizwa zakho noma esikhiqiza imfucuza.

Ukwelapha Ukuqeda Amanzi Nezimbangela Ezingashintshi

Uma ukuqeda amanzi kukhuphula ubUN wakho, ukwandisa ukuthatha kwakho uketshezi ngokuvamile kubuyisa amazinga ajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke. Ezimweni ezibi kakhulu, ungase uthole uketshezi lwe-intravenous esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Lokhu kugcwalisa umzimba wakho ngokushesha futhi kusiza izinsizwa zakho zisebenze kangcono.

Lapho imithi ibandakanyeka ezinkingeni zezinsizwa, udokotela wakho angase alungise amanani noma akushintshele kwamanye imithi. Imithi eminingi ejwayelekile ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinsizwa kwabanye abantu. Imithi yokubulala izinhlungu, imithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane, kanye neminye imithi yokucindezela kwegazi ingena kulesi sigaba. Ungalokothi uyeke imithi ngokwakho, kodwa khuluma izinkinga nodokotela wakho.

Izivimbamgqebelo zomchamo zidinga ukukhiphwa kwesivimbamgqebelo. Ukwelashwa kuncike kulokho okubangela ukuvinjelwa. Amatshe ezinsizwa angadlula ngokwawo ngokwanda koketshezi nokuphatha ubuhlungu. Amatshe amakhulu angase adinge izinqubo zokuzikhipha noma ukuzikhipha. Indlala enkulu ingase idinge imithi noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe ukujikeleza komchamo okujwayelekile.

Ukuphatha Isifo Sezinsizwa Esingapheli

Isifo sezinsizwa esingapheli sifuna ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside ukwehlisa ukuqhubeka nokuvimbela izinkinga. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzolungiswa ngokusekelwe ukuthi isifo sezinsizwa sakho siphambene kangakanani nokuthi yini esasilubangele ekuqaleni.

• Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ingcindezi ephezulu yegazi yonakalisa izinsizwa kakhulu. Udokotela wakho cishe uzonikeza imithi ebizwa nge-ACE inhibitors noma i-ARBs. Le mithi ivikela izinsizwa zakho ngenkathi yehlisa ingcindezi yegazi. Ukugcina ingcindezi yakho yegazi ngaphansi kuka-130 phezu kuka-80 kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kwezinsizwa.

• Ukuphathwa kukashukela egazini kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela. Ushukela omningi egazini yisizathu esiyinhloko sesifo sezinsizwa. Ukugcina amazinga akho kashukela ebunxantweni okuhlosiwe kunciphisa ukulimala kwezinsizwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi, i-insulin, izinguquko ekudleni, nokuqapha njalo.

• Ukuguquka ekudleni kunganciphisa umthwalo ezinsizweni zakho. Ungase udinge ukukhawulela amaprotheni, i-sodium, i-potassium, noma i-phosphorus kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Udokotela wokudla okunomsoco angakusiza ukudala uhlelo lokudla olusekela impilo yezinsizwa zakho kuyilapho lusajabulisa.

• Ukwelapha i-anemia kukusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi kuvikela inhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze izithako zensimbi noma imithi ebizwa nge-erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Lezi zisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize amagciwane abomvu engeziwe lapho izinsizwa zingakhiqizi ngokwanele i-hormone eyisignali yale nqubo.

• Ukuphatha ukungalingani kwamaminerali kuvimbela izifo zamathambo nezinye izinkinga. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ama-phosphate binders, izithako zevithamini D, noma imithi yokulawula i-parathyroid hormone. Lezi zigcina amathambo akho aqinile futhi zivimbela ukubeka ikhalisiyingozi emithanjeni yakho yegazi.

Ukuqaphelwa njalo kuba yingxenye yomsebenzi wakho ngesifo sezinsizwa esingapheli. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ubUN wakho, i-creatinine, nezinye izilabhorethri njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Lokhu kulandela ukuthi izinsizwa zakho zisebenza kanjani kahle nokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini ukulungiswa. Ukuhlala phezulu kwalokhu kuqokwa kusiza ukuthola izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Ukwelapha Okuthuthukile Kokuwohloka Okubucayi Kwezinsizwa

Lapho ukusebenza kwezinsizwa kwehlela ngaphansi kuka-15 percent ngokwejwayelekile futhi ubUN uhlala uphakeme kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe, ungase udinge i-renal replacement therapy. Leli gama libhekisela ezilashweni ezenza umsebenzi izinsizwa zakho zingasakwazi ukuwenza ngokwanele.

I-Dialysis ihlunga imfucuza kanye noketshezi olungaphezu kwegazi lakho ngokungokwemvelo. I-Hemodialysis ihambisa igazi lakho emshinini onesihluzo esikhethekile izikhathi ezimbalwa ngeviki. Isikhathi ngasinye sithatha cishe amahora amane esikhungweni se-dialysis. I-peritoneal dialysis isebenzisa umgodi esiswini sakho njengesihluzo. Wenza leli kelashwo ekhaya nsuku zonke.

Zombili izinhlobo ze-dialysis zingakwazi ukwehlisa amazinga obUN aphezulu kakhulu ngempumelelo futhi zikhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abaningi bahlala iminyaka beya ku-dialysis nekhwalithi enhle yokuphila. Ukwelashwa kuba yingxenye yomsebenzi wakho, njengokuthatha imithi noma ukulandela ukudla okukhethekile.

Ukuhlanzwa kwezinsizwa kunikeza ithemba lokubuyiselwa kokusebenza kwezinsizwa. Isinzwane esinempilo esivela kumuntu ophila noma oshonile singayishintsha izinsizwa zakho ezihlulekile. Ukuhlanzwa kufuna ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kanye nemithi yokuphila konke ukuvimbela ukululama. Nokho, izihlanzeko eziyimpumelelo zivumela abantu ukuba baphile ngaphandle kwe-dialysis futhi bazizwe kangcono kakhulu.

Akuyona yonke into ene-BUN ephezulu edinga i-dialysis noma ukuhlanzwa. Lezi zilasho zigcinelwe ukuwohloka okuthuthukile kwezinsizwa. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngalezi zinketho ngokuningiliziwe uma ukusebenza kwezinsizwa zakho kuqhubeka nokwehla ngaphandle kwezilasho ezinye.

Ungavimbela Kanjani UbUN Ukuba Bube Buyingozi?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekuvikeleni impilo yezinsizwa zakho nasekuphatheni izimo ezingalimaza izinsizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimbangela eziningi zobUN obuyingozi zingavimbeka noma zingatholakala kusenesikhathi lapho ukwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu.

Ukuhlala u-hydrated kahle kusekela ukusebenza okunempilo kwezinsizwa. Izinsizwa zakho zidinga uketshezi olwanele ukuze zikhiphe imfucuza ngempumelelo. Zama amanzi anele ukuthi umchamo wakho ubephuzi kancane usuku lonke. Ungase udinge okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo noma lapho usebenzisa umzimba. Ukuqeda amanzi njalo kubeka ingcindezi ezinsizweni zakho ngokungadingekile.

Ukuphatha izimo ezingapheli njengesifo sikashukela nengcindezi ephezulu yegazi kuvikela izinsizwa zakho ekulimazeni. Lezi zimo yizona izimbangela eziyinhloko zezifo zezinsizwa kwabadala. Ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ugcine ushukela wegazi nengcindezi yegazi ebunxantweni obunempilo kuvimbela ukulimaza kwezinsizwa okuholela kobUN obuyingozi.

Ukucophelela ngemithi kusiza ukuvikela ukulimazeka kwezinsizwa. Abanye ababulala izinhlungu, imithi yokulwa namagciwane, neminye imithi ingalimaza izinsizwa, ikakhulukazi lapho isetshenziswa isikhathi eside noma ngamanani aphezulu. Njalo landela imiyalelo yokudosiswa futhi ukhulume nganoma yiziphi izinkinga nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi. Khuluma yonke imithi yokongeza nemithi ongaphandle kwe-counter oyithathayo.

Ukuthola ukuhlolwa njalo kuthola izinkinga zezinsizwa kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kungathola ubUN noma i-creatinine eyanda ngaphambi kokuzizwa ugula. Ukuthola kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela okwehlisa noma kuye kume ukulimaza kwezinsizwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela, ingcindezi ephezulu yegazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma umlando womndeni wezinkinga zezinsizwa.

Ukudla okunomsoco kusekela impilo jikelele kuhlanganise nokusebenza kwezinsizwa. Awudingi ukudla okukhethekile ngaphandle kokuthi usuvele unesifo sezinsizwa. Gxila ekudleni okugcwele, imifino nezithelo eziningi, nokudla okulinganiselayo kwamaprotheni. Ukukhawulela ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okune-sodium ephezulu kusiza ukulawula ingcindezi yegazi.

Ukuvimbela ukubhema kuvikela izinsizwa zakho kanye nomunye umzimba wakho. Ukubhema konakalisa imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke, kufaka phakathi leyo esezinsizweni zakho. Kuyakhuphula nengcindezi yegazi futhi kusheshe ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinsizwa. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuneminyaka yonke kuyinzuzo empilweni yezinsizwa zakho.

Kufanele Uwenzeni Uma UbUN Bakho Buphezulu?

Okokuqala, zama ukungalokothi. Umphumela owodwa wobUN ongakajwayelekile akusho ukuthi unokugula okubucayi kwezinsizwa noma ingozi eseduze. Izinto eziningi zesikhashana zingakhuphula ubUN okwesikhashana. Udokotela wakho uzochaza imiphumela yakho ebunxantweni lwezempilo yakho yonke, izimpawu, nemiphumela eyengeziwe yokuhlola.

Hlela ukuphinda uvakashele udokotela wakho ukuze uxoxe ngemiphumela yakho. Hamba ulungile nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi kungase kubangele ukwanda nokuthi yimiphi izivivinyo noma izilasho abazelulekayo ngokulandelayo. Phatha uhlu lwazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha nezithako ongazithatha. Khuluma nganoma yiziphi izimpawu obuzizwa, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene.

Thola noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezingeziwe udokotela wakho azilayelayo ngokushesha. Lezi zisiza ukunquma ukuthi ngabe unenkinga yesikhashana noma into edinga ukuphathwa njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulandelelayo kungase kuqokwe ezinsukwini noma emaviki ambalwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ubUN wakho uyathuthuka yini, uyazinzile, noma uyanda.

Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho zokwelashwa noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila. Uma beluleka ukuthi wandise ukuthatha kwakho amanzi, ulungise imithi, noma uvakashele onguchwepheshe, lezi zinyathelo zibhekana nalokho okubangela ubUN wakho obukhulu. Ukuhambisana nezincomo kukunikeza amathuba aphezulu okuphindela amazinga ajwayelekile noma ukuvimbela ukwanda okwengeziwe.

Buza mayelana nezimpawu ezikhathazayo okufanele uzibheke ekhaya. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi yiziphi izibonakaliso ezizobangela ukuvakasha okungokwalokho noma ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ubheke kukwenza uzizwe unokuthula futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ufuna usizo ngokushesha uma isimo sakho sesishintsha.

Cabanga ngokuvakashela isazi sezinsizwa uma ubUN wakho uhlala uphezu kakhulu noma uyaqhubeka nokwanda. Izazi zezinsizwa yizazi zezinsizwa ezinezivivinyo ezingeziwe ekutholeni nasekuphatheni izifo zezinsizwa. Udokotela wakho oyinhloko angase akubhekise ngokuzenzakalela, noma ungabuza mayelana nokuthi ingabe onguchwepheshe angasiza yini esimweni sakho.

Isiphetho

Khumbula ukuthi ungumuntu ongawona inani nje lokuhlola. UbUN obukhulu yingxenye eyodwa yempilo yakho, kodwa ayikuchazi ukuthi ungubani noma ayikhawuleli inani lakho. Qhubeka ujabulele imisebenzi ekwenzayo ujabule futhi ibalulekile. Hlala uxhumene nabantu obathandayo.