I-papilloma yesikwele esingesiye isibazi esingesiye umdlavuza esivela ku-epithelium yesikwele, okuyi-leya ingqimba efinyelela yamashelu aflat ehlanganisa izindawo ezahlukene emzimbeni, njengolusu nangaphakathi komlomo. Lezi zikhulu zivame ukuvela njengeziqongo ezincane, ezithambile ezihlobene nama-warts. Zingaba ngezikhulu ezahlukene futhi zivele njengendawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Indawo lapho lezi zikhulu ziqala khona kubalulekile ukuqonda i-papilloma yesikwele. Njengoba zivela emashelwini esikwele, lezi zilonda zitholakala kaningi ezindaweni ezithinta kakhulu, njengentamo, i-armpits, nendawo yobudoda. Isici esiphawulekayo yilolu phawu olukhulu, olufana ne-cauliflower ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kusiza ekuhlukaniseni i-papilloma yesikwele kwezinye izikhulu ezifana nayo.

Abaguli abaningi bavame ukukhathazeka ngalezi zilonda futhi bacabanga ukuthi zingaba nzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-papilloma yesikwele ayiyona umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ukubonakala kwayo kungaqhubeka kukhathaza. Ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana ne-papilloma yesikwele kusiza abantu ukuba benze izinqumo ezinhle mayelana nokuthi badinga ukubona udokotela noma bathole noma yikuphi ukwelashwa. Uma ubona noma iyiphi ikhulu engavamile, kuyinto enhle ukukhuluma nodokotela ukuze uthole ukulinganiswa okufanele nokuthula kwengqondo.

Izimbangela nezici zengozi

1. Ukutheleleka kwe-Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

I-papilloma yesikwele ikhiqizwa ikakhulu ngokutheleleka ngezinhlobo ezingahluphi ze-HPV, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-6 ne-HPV-11. I-virus iyathinta amashelu e-epithelial, eholela ekwakheni kwezikhulu ezinhle ezicini ezithintekayo.

2. Ukudluliselwa kwe-HPV

I-HPV idluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngqo, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana kwesikhumba-esikhumbini noma ukuxhumana kwe-mucosal. I-papilloma yesikwele yomlomo ingabangelwa ukuxhumana komlomo-obudoda, ukusuka, noma ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana nezitsha nabantu abathelelekile.

3. Isistimu Yokulwa Nezifo Ebuthakathaka

Isistimu yokulwa nezifo ebuthakathaka iyandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-papilloma yesikwele. Abantu abanezimpawu ezifana ne-HIV noma labo abaphathwa ngokwelashwa okuqeda amandla omzimba bayathinteka kakhulu, njengoba uhlelo lokulwa nezifo lungakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka kwe-HPV.

4. Ubudala nobulili

I-papilloma yesikwele ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abadala kodwa ingase ibonakale nakubantwana. Nakuba ubudala buyisici, ubulili kubonakala sengathi abudlali indima ebalulekile engozini yokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

5. Ukubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala

Ukubhema okuqhubekayo nokusebenzisa utshwala okukhulu kungandisa ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwe-HPV. Lezi zindlela ziqeda amandla omzimba futhi zilimaza impilo yamashelu e-epithelial, okungakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-papilloma yesikwele.

6. Ukuhlanzeka komlomo okubi

Ukuhlanzeka komlomo okubi kungadala ama-microtraumas e-mucosal lining, okwenza kube lula ku-HPV ukutheleleka nokubangela izikhulu. Ukugcina ukunakekelwa komlomo okuhle kubalulekile ekuqedeni le ngozi.

7. Ukuxhumana eduze nabaphathi be-HPV

Ukuphila noma ukuxhumana eduze nabantu abathelelekile nge-HPV kungandisa ingozi yokubekwa engcupheni nokudluliselwa. Izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokuhlanzeka kubalulekile ekuqedeni le ngozi.

Izimpawu nokuxilongwa

Ukuqala	Imininingwane
Izimpawu Ezivamile	Izikhulu ezincane, ezifana ne-cauliflower, ngokuvamile azilimazi, esikhumbini noma kuma-mucous membranes. Izikhulu zingabonakala zibomvu, zimhlophe, noma zipinki futhi zine-texture ethambile noma elikhulu. Izilonda zingase zivele emgodini womlomo (olwimi, i-palate, i-uvula) noma entanyeni, zibangele ukuvuvukala.
Izimpawu Ezithuthukile	Ubunzima bokuginya, izinkinga zokukhuluma, noma umuzwa weqanda entanyeni (uma likhulu noma linengi). Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphuza igazi noma ukungakhululeki uma i-lesion icasulwe yi-trauma noma ukusabela.
Izindlela Zokuxilongwa	Ukuhlolwa ngokwelapha ukuhlola usayizi, indawo, nokuqala kwe-lesion. I-biopsy yokuhlaziywa kwe-histopathological ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqeda umdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV	Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV DNA kungase kwenziwe ukuhlonza uhlobo lwe-virus nokuqonda imbangela ye-lesion.
Izivivinyo Zokuthola Izithombe	Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuthola izithombe (e.g., i-CT noma i-MRI) kungase kusetshenziswe ezilondeni ezijulile noma ezingachazeki.

Amakhetho Okwelashwa

1. Ukubuka nokulandelela

Nge-papilloma encane, engabangeli ubuhlungu, odokotela bangase bancoma ukulandelela njalo ukuqapha noma yikuphi ukuguquka ngobukhulu, umbala, noma izimpawu.

2. Ukususa Ngokusebenza

Kufaka izindlela ezifana nokukhipha ngesikali, ubuciko be-laser ukuze kube nokulunga, noma i-electrocautery, esebenzisa ukushisa ukususa nokubopha imithambo yegazi.

3. I-Cryotherapy

Lokhu kuhilela ukugqwala i-papilloma nge-liquid nitrogen, ngokuphumelelayo kubhubhisa ithishu engavamile ngaphandle kokusebenza okuhlukanisayo.

4. Ukwelashwa Okusetshenziswayo

Imithi efana ne-imiquimod ukuvuselela uhlelo lokulwa nezifo, i-salicylic acid yezilonda ezingaphezulu, noma ama-cream antiviral ukulawula izikhulu ezihlobene ne-HPV.

5. I-Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithi ezwela ukukhanya nokukhanya okuqondile ukubhubhisa amashelu angavamile, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ezilondeni ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo.

6. I-Immunotherapy

Ikhulisa uhlelo lokulwa nezifo ukulwa ne-HPV nokunciphisa ukubuyela, ngezinketho ezifaka ama-vaccines e-HPV ukuvimbela i-papilloma entsha.

7. Ukukhathalela Okulandelayo

Ukuhlola njalo kwezokwelapha nokuguqula indlela yokuphila ukuvimbela ukubuyela, kufaka phakathi ukugwema ukubhema nokugcina impilo yomlomo nempilo yomzimba.

Isifinyeto

I-papilloma yesikwele iyikhulu elihle elibangelwa izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingahluphi, ngokuvamile ebonakala njengezilonda ezincane, ezifana ne-cauliflower esikhumbini noma kuma-mucous membranes. Lezi zikhulu ngokuvamile azilimazi kodwa zingabangela ukungakhululeki noma ukuvuvukala, ikakhulu emgodini womlomo noma entanyeni. Ukuxilongwa kuhilela ukuhlolwa ngokwelapha, i-biopsy, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV DNA ukuqinisekisa imbangela nokuqeda umdlavuza.

Amakhetho okwelashwa afaka ukukhipha ngokusebenza, i-cryotherapy, i-electrocautery, noma i-laser therapy, kuye ngobukhulu nendawo ye-lesion. Ukwelashwa okusetshenziswayo kanye nokuguqula indlela yokuphila, njengokuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka komlomo nokugwema ukubhema, kusiza ekuqedeni ukubuyela. Ukulandelela njalo kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo nokubona ngokushesha izilonda ezintsha.