Ukuthi yini i-Acanthosis Nigricans? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Acanthosis nigricans iyisimo sesikhumba esenza amabala amnyama, afana ne-velvet emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulu ezindaweni lapho iziqongo zesikhumba noma ama-creases evela khona ngokwemvelo. La mabala awonakalisi ngokwawo, kodwa avame ukubonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ubhekene nokumelana ne-insulin noma ezinye izinguquko zempilo eziyisisekelo ezifanele ukunakekelwa.

Isikumba esimnyama singase sizizwe sinqabile noma sinqabile kunokujwayelekile, cishe sifana ne-velvet uma ulithinta. Ngenkathi lesi simo singabangela ukukhathazeka ngokubonakala, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-acanthosis nigricans ivame kakhulu futhi ilawuleka ngendlela efanele.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-acanthosis nigricans?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama, aqinile esikhumbeni asebenza kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. La mabala avame ukuba nokuqina okukhethekile kwe-velvet okuwahlukanisa ekushintsheni kwesikhumba okujwayelekile.

Uzobona ngokuvamile lezi zinguquko ezindaweni lapho isikumba sakho siqongelelana khona noma siqoka ndawonye. Nazi izindawo ezivamile lapho i-acanthosis nigricans ivela khona:

• Entanyeni (indawo evamile kakhulu)
• Ezikhaleni
• Endaweni ye-groin
• Ezigqomeni
• Emakhaleni
• Ezandleni nasezinhlanganweni zezinhlangothi

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ubona la mabala ezindebeni zakho, ezandleni, noma ezinyaweni zakho, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Isikumba esithintekile ngokuvamile asibuhlungu noma asikhanyi, okusisiza ukuthi sihlukanise nezinye izimo zesikhumba ezingase zifane ekuqaleni.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-acanthosis nigricans?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-acanthosis nigricans ngezinhlobo eziningi ngokusekelwe kulokho okuyimbangela yayo nokuthi ithuthukiswa kanjani. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi unqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu luhlotshaniswa nokumelana ne-insulin, okuvamise ukwenzeka kanye nezinye izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma ukukhuluphala. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luthuthuka kancane kancane futhi luthinta izindawo esizikhulumile ngaphambili.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluzuzwe ngokuzalwa oluphela emindenini, oluvamise ukuvela ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni ngisho noma ezinye izici zempilo zingatholakali. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-acanthosis nigricans njengomphumela wecala wemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-hormone noma imithi yokunciphisa i-cholesterol.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-acanthosis nigricans ingabonisa umdlavuza oyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesisu. Lolu hlobo, oluthiwa yi-malignant acanthosis nigricans, luvamise ukuthuthuka ngokushesha futhi lungase lube sezindaweni ezingavamile ezifana nomlomo noma ezungezile emehlweni.

Yini ebangela i-acanthosis nigricans?

Imbangela eyisisekelo ye-acanthosis nigricans isekela indlela umzimba wakho uqapha ngayo i-insulin, i-hormone esiza ukulawula amazinga eshukela egazini. Uma amangqamuzana akho ehluleka ukwamukela i-insulin, umzimba wakho uyakhiqiza okuningi ukuze uhlanganise, futhi le-insulin eyengeziwe ingabangela izinguquko zesikhumba.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezingabangela lesi simo:

• Ukumelana ne-insulin ne-prediabetes
• Uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela
• Ukukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi isisindo esiningi esizungezile esiswini
• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Izifo ze-thyroid, ikakhulukazi i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle
• I-Cushing's syndrome (ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-cortisol)

Imithi ethile ingabangela futhi i-acanthosis nigricans, kufaka phakathi amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, izithasiselo ze-growth hormone, nezinye imithi ye-cholesterol. Kulezi zimo, isimo ngokuvamile siphucuka uma imithi ilinganiswa noma iyekelelwa ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

I-genetics idlala indima kwabanye abantu, ngabanye abantu abanawo umkhuba wokuthuthukisa lezi zinguquko zesikhumba ngisho noma kungekho ezinye izici zengozi ezikhona.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-acanthosis nigricans?

Kufanele uhlele i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma ubona amabala amnyama, afana ne-velvet evela esikhumbeni sakho, ikakhulu uma evela ngokuzumayo noma esakazeka ngokushesha. Ukubheka kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekutholeni noma yiziphi izimo eziyisisekelo ezidinga ukunakekelwa.

Kubalulekile ngokukhethekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma izinguquko zesikhumba zihambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala, ukunxanela okukhulu, noma ukuya esikhumulweni njalo. Lokhu kungabonisa isifo sikashukela noma ezinye izimo ze-metabolic ezinzuza ekwelapheni kwasekuqaleni.

Ungalindi ukubona udokotela uma unomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela noma ezinye izifo ze-metabolic, njengoba i-acanthosis nigricans ingaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala. Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa okulula ukuhlola amazinga eshukela egazini lakho nempilo yakho ye-metabolic iyonke.

Uma usuvele ulawula isifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes futhi ubona amabala amasha noma abibi esikhumbeni, lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kweshuga egazini lakho kudinga ukulungiswa, okwenza ukuvakashela udokotela kube yinto enengqondo.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-acanthosis nigricans?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-acanthosis nigricans, ngokumelana ne-insulin kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lapho kungenzeka.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezandisa ingozi yakho:

• Ukuba ngumuntu onesisindo esiningi noma onokukhuluphala
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela
• Ukuba ngumuntu wase-Hispanic, wase-Afrika, noma wase-Native American
• Ukuba ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile isikhathi eside
• Ukuba nezifo ze-thyroid

Ubudala buphinde budlale indima, ngesimo esivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, nakuba singase sibe khona kubantwana. Abafazi abane-PCOS babhekene nengozi enkulu ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin okuvamise ukuhambisana nalesi simo se-hormonal.

Ngenkathi ungakwazi ukushintsha izici ezifana ne-genetics noma ubuzwe, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokulawula izimo eziyisisekelo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-acanthosis nigricans.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-acanthosis nigricans?

I-Acanthosis nigricans ngokwayo ayivamise ukubangela izinhlanganisela ezinzima, kodwa ingabonisa izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo ezidinga ukunakekelwa. Izinguquko zesikhumba zikhulukazi ze-cosmetic, nakuba abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bekhanya noma beqiniswe ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kukuthi lesi simo singabonisa ini ngempilo yakho iyonke. Nazi izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke okumele uzikhathaze ngazo:

• Ukuqhubeka kuya esifweni sikashukela sohlobo 2 uma i-prediabetes ikhona
• Izinhlanganisela ze-cardiovascular ezivela ekumelaneni ne-insulin okungelapheki
• Ukubi kakhulu kwe-metabolic syndrome
• Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, umdlavuza oyisisekelo

Ukusuka kubukhazikhazi bomuntu, abanye abantu bazizwa benesithukuthezi ngokubonakala kwesikhumba esimnyama, okungathinta ukuzethemba nokuxhumana komphakathi. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okufanele kwezimo eziyisisekelo, izinguquko zesikhumba ngokuvamile ziphucuka kakhulu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuthola nokwelapha izimbangela eziyisisekelo kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izinhlanganisela eziningi ngenkathi futhi kuphucuka ukubonakala kwesikhumba sakho.

I-acanthosis nigricans ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-acanthosis nigricans kugxile ekugcineni impilo enhle ye-metabolic nokulawula izici eziyisisekelo ezifaka isandla ekumelaneni ne-insulin. Ngenkathi ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zalesi simo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ingenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokuvimbela. Ngisho nokulahlekelwa isisindo esincane kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin nokunciphisa amathuba okuthuthukisa lezi zinguquko zesikhumba.

Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile kusiza umzimba wakho ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo, okungavimbela noma ukulibazisa ukuqala kwe-acanthosis nigricans. Hlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe ngesonto, okungafaka izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokushesha, ukubhukuda, noma ukujika ibhayisikili.

Ukulandela ukudla okulinganiselayo okune-refined sugars ne-processed foods encane kusiza ukugcina amazinga eshuga egazini lakho eqondile. Gxila ezinhlabathini eziphelele, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, amafutha anempilo, nemifino eminingi ukuze usekele impilo yakho ye-metabolic.

Ukulawula izimo eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-PCOS noma izifo ze-thyroid nodokotela wakho kungasiza futhi ukuvimbela i-acanthosis nigricans ekuthuthukiseni noma ekuwohlokeni.

I-acanthosis nigricans ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-acanthosis nigricans ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kwesikhumba sakho. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukubona lesi simo ngokusekelwe ekuqinisweni okukhethekile kokubonakala kwamabala amnyama, afana ne-velvet.

Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, imithi oyithathayo njengamanje, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozihluphekile ngazo. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi yini engase ibe yimbangela yezinguquko zesikhumba.

Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile ziyisinyathelo esilandelayo sokuhlola izimo eziyisisekelo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufaka amazinga eshukela egazini elilamba, i-hemoglobin A1C (ebonisa ushukela wakho ophakathi kwegazi ezinyangeni eziyi-2-3 ezedlule), futhi ngezinye izikhathi amazinga e-insulin.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yakho namazinga e-cholesterol ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wempilo yakho ye-metabolic. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile lapho kukhona ukukhathazeka ngomdlavuza, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwezithombe kungase kunconywe.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa i-biopsy yesikhumba, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kudingeka kuphela uma ukuxilongwa kungacaci noma uma amabala ebukeka engajwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-acanthosis nigricans ejwayelekile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-acanthosis nigricans?

Ukwelashwa kwe-acanthosis nigricans kugxile ekulungiseni izimbangela eziyisisekelo kunokwelapha izinguquko zesikhumba ngokwazo. Uma ulawula ngempumelelo izimo ezifana nokumelana ne-insulin noma isifo sikashukela, amabala esikhumba ngokuvamile aphucuka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umgca wokuqala wokwelapha ngokuvamile uhlanganisa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula isisindo ngokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile, okungabangela ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo kokubili empilweni yakho iyonke nokuqina kwesikhumba.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi ukuze akusize ulawule izimo eziyisisekelo. Ngesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes, lokhu kungafaka i-metformin, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin. Ngezifo ze-thyroid, ukufakwa kwe-thyroid hormone kungase kudingeke.

Abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bancoma ukwelashwa okusebenza ngqo esikhumbeni, kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-Retinoid creams ukuze akusize ngokuqina kwesikhumba
• Ama-Alpha hydroxy acids ukuze uhlanze kancane
• Ama-Vitamin D analogs kwezinye izimo
• Ama-Moisturizers ukugcina isikumba siphilile

Kubalulekile ukuba nethemba eliqondile ngezikhathi zokwelashwa. Ukuthuthuka kwesikhumba ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga eziningi ukuze kubonakale, futhi amabala angase angapheli ngisho noma ukwelashwa kwezimo eziyisisekelo kuphumelela.

Indlela yokuphatha i-acanthosis nigricans ekhaya?

Ukulawulwa kwekhaya kwe-acanthosis nigricans kugxile ekusekeleni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha oluphelele nokukhathalela isikumba sakho. Lezi zinyathelo zingagcwalisa ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha futhi zikusize uzizwe ukhululekile.

Gcina isikumba esithintekile sihlanzekile futhi siwomile, usebenzisa abahlanzi abamnene, abangenamphunga abangayikucasuli indawo. Gwema ukuhlanza okuqinile, okungenza ukubonakala kube sibi futhi kungenze kube khona ukuqiniswa noma ukulimala okuncane.

Faka i-moisturizer enhle ezindaweni ezithintekile nsuku zonke ukugcina isikumba siphilile futhi uvikele ukwomile noma ukubhebhetheka. Bheka imikhiqizo enezithasiselo ezifana ne-ceramides noma i-hyaluronic acid, ezisiza ukugcina ukusebenza kwe-skin barrier.

Gxila ekugcineni amazinga eshukela egazini eqondile ngokulingana kwesikhathi sokudla nokukhetha ukudla okungabangeli ukuphakama okusheshayo. Lokhu kusiza ukusebenza kwe-insulin yomzimba wakho futhi kungasiza ekuthambiseni ukuqhubeka kwezinguquko zesikhumba.

Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke, okusiza impilo yesikhumba iyonke futhi kusiza umzimba wakho ukusebenza kahle. Hlose okungenani iziglasi eziyi-8 zamanzi nsuku zonke, okuningi uma uvivinya umzimba noma uhlala endaweni efudumele.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi unike udokotela wakho lonke ulwazi aludingayo. Qala ngokwenza uhlu lokuthi nini okokuqala lapho uqaphela khona izinguquko zesikhumba nokuthi ziye zaba zimbi kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo ze-over-the-counter namavithamini. Imithi ethile ingase ifake isandla kwi-acanthosis nigricans, ngakho-ke lolu lwazi lubalulekile kudo ktela wakho.

Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozihluphekile ngazo, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene nezinguquko zesikhumba. Izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukunxanela okukhulu, ukuya esikhumulweni njalo, noma izinguquko zesondlo okungachazeki zingakunikeza izikhuthazo ezibalulekile ngezimo eziyisisekelo.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukuthi ubuze ngokuhlolwa okumele kwenziwe, izinketho zokwelapha, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingasiza, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokuthuthuka.

Uma kungenzeka, letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti, ikakhulu uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuxilongwa okungenzeka. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banike ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Yini eyinhloko nge-acanthosis nigricans?

I-Acanthosis nigricans iyisimo sesikhumba esilawuleka esivame ukusebenza njengesibonakaliso sokuqala esibalulekile sezinkinga ze-metabolic ezifana nokumelana ne-insulin noma isifo sikashukela. Ngenkathi amabala amnyama engase akhathaze, yindlela yomzimba wakho yokubonisa ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe nokunakekelwa.

Iphuzu elihlomulisayo kakhulu lalesi simo ukuthi ngokuvamile liphucuka kakhulu uma uqaphela izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo esikhumbeni sabo phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila noma uqale ukwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-acanthosis nigricans akusho ukuthi uqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga zempilo ezinzima. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, nokubekezela, ungalawula ngokuphumelelayo kokubili izimo eziyisisekelo nezinguquko zesikhumba.

Iyona nto ebalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokwelapha oluphelele oluqondene nezidingo zakho zomuntu siqu nezimo. Ukuthatha isinyathelo kwasekuqaleni ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu kokubili empilweni yakho iyonke nokuqina kwesikhumba.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-acanthosis nigricans

Ingabe i-acanthosis nigricans izohamba yodwa?

I-Acanthosis nigricans ngokuvamile ayihambi ngaphandle kokulungisa izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, uma ulawula ngempumelelo izimo ezifana nokumelana ne-insulin, isifo sikashukela, noma ukukhuluphala, amabala esikhumba ngokuvamile aphucuka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inqubo yokuphucuka ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuya konyaka, futhi ngenkathi amabala engase angapheli ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile aba mkhanyayo futhi ababonakali kakhulu.

Ingabe i-acanthosis nigricans iyadluliseka?

Cha, i-acanthosis nigricans ayidluliseki neze. Awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu noma uyidlulisele kwabanye ngokuthinta. Isimo sithuthuka ngenxa yezici zangaphakathi ezifana nokumelana ne-insulin, i-genetics, noma izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo, hhayi ngenxa yanoma yisiphi i-agent esiyisifo esingaphandle njengebhaktheriya noma ama-virus.

Ingabe i-acanthosis nigricans ihlale ihlobene nesifo sikashukela?

Ngenkathi i-acanthosis nigricans ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokumelana ne-insulin nesifo sikashukela, ayihlale ihlobene ngqo nalezi zimo. Izinguquko zesikhumba zingase ziphumelele ezinye izici ezifana nemithi ethile, izifo ze-thyroid, i-PCOS, noma umkhuba we-genetic. Noma kunjalo, njengoba ukumelana ne-insulin kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu, udokotela wakho cishe uzothanda ukuhlola amazinga eshuga egazini lakho uma i-acanthosis nigricans ikhona.

Ingabe abantwana bangathuthukisa i-acanthosis nigricans?

Yebo, abantwana bangathuthukisa i-acanthosis nigricans, futhi iyakhula njengoba amazinga okukhuluphala ebuntwaneni ekhuphuka. Kubantwana, isimo ngokuvamile sibonisa ukumelana ne-insulin kwasekuqaleni, okwenza kube kubalulekile ngokukhethekile ukulungisa ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila nokulandelela kwezokwelapha. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubeka kuya esifweni sikashukela sohlobo 2 nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-metabolic.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwe-over-the-counter okusiza nge-acanthosis nigricans?

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwe-over-the-counter kungakwazi ukwelapha i-acanthosis nigricans, amanye angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala kwesikhumba. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kancane enama-alpha hydroxy acids noma i-retinol ingasiza ngokuqina kwesikhumba, futhi ama-moisturizers amahle angagcina izindawo ezithintekile ziphilile. Noma kunjalo, le mihlangano yokwelapha isebenza kangcono uma ihlanganiswa nokulungisa izimbangela eziyisisekelo ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila noma ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.