Ukuqala Kwe-Actinic Keratosis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Actinic keratosis iyisikhumba esikhulu, esiqinile esivela esikhumbeni esibekiwe elangeni ngemuva kweminyaka yokonakala kwe-UV. Lezi zikhumba ezingakabi umdlavuza yindlela yekhumba lakho yokubonisa imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yokubekwa elangeni isikhathi eside.

Cabanga nge-actinic keratoses njengezimpawu zokuqala zekhumba lakho. Nakuba zingumdlavuza ngokwazo, zimelela izindawo lapho amaseli ekhumba elimele kakhulu khona, angase athuthuke abe umdlavuza wekhumba uma engaqaphelwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, ungazilungisa lezi zindawo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-actinic keratosis?

I-Actinic keratoses ngokuvamile ibonakala njengeziqephu ezincane, eziqine kakhulu ezinomuzwa wephepha lesandla uma uqhuba umunwe phezu kwazo. Ngokuvamile kulula ukuzizwa kunokuzibuka ekuqaleni, kungakho abantu abaningi bebona ngesikhathi besebenzisa i-lotion noma begeza ubuso babo.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile okufanele uzibheke:

• Iziqephu eziqine, ezinqamuzayo, noma eziqholile ezindaweni ezibekwe elangeni
• Amabala asele noma aphakamile kancane angase abe pinki, bomvu, noma abomvu
• Iziqephu ezinomuzwa owomile, oqinile, noma onamagqabi
• Izindawo ezingase zikhohlwe, zishiswe, noma zinomuzwa obukhozi
• Amabala ayoza futhi ahambe, ngezinye izikhathi abonakala ephulukile bese ebuya
• Iziqephu ezivela ngobukhulu be-pinhead kuya ngaphezulu kwesentimitha

Lezi zindawo zivame ukubonakala ebusweni bakho, ezindlebeni, entanyeni, ekhanda, esifubeni, emuva kwezandla, ezingalweni, noma ezindebeni. Ubukhulu ngokuvamile yiyona nto ebonakala kakhulu - lowo muzi oqinile, onjengephepha lesandla owahlukanisa ekhumbeni eliqhelile.

Kwezinye izimo, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezingavamile njengeziqephu ezincane ezifana nezinsika ezikhula esiqephuni, noma izindawo eziphuza kalula uma zikrokhwe. Lezi zinguquko zisasezingeni elijwayelekile lokukhombisa kwe-actinic keratoses.

Yini ebangela i-actinic keratosis?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-actinic keratosis ukungcoliswa okulandelanayo kwe-ultraviolet (UV) radiation evela ekukhanyeni kwelanga nasezindaweni zokubhentsha isikhathi eside. Amaseli akho ekhumba aqoqa kancane kancane lolu konakala, ekugcineni kuholela ezindleleni zokukhula ezingavamile ezenza lezi ziqephu eziqine.

I-UV radiation isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA emaselini akho ekhumba, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle ebizwa ngokuthi yi-epidermis. Uma lolu konakala lukhula isikhathi eside, lungabangela amaseli ukuba akhule futhi azalise ngokungavamile, enze iziqephu ezinqamuzayo ozibona futhi uzizwe.

Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amashumi eminyaka ukuthuthuka, kungakho i-actinic keratoses ivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Noma kunjalo, uma uke waba nokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu noma usebenzise izindawo zokubhentsha njalo, ungase uzithole usemncane.

Izici ezithile zingakhuphula le nqubo. Ukuba nekhumba elimhlophe, amehlo amhlophe, noma izinwele ezibomvu noma eziluhlaza kukwenza ube sengozini ngoba unokukhuselwa okuncane komvelo okuvela ku-melanin. Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukusebenza ngaphandle, noma ukuba nomlando wokushiswa yilanga nakho kukhuphula ingozi yakho kakhulu.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-actinic keratosis?

Kufanele ubona umhlinzeki wezempilo noma nini lapho uqaphela khona iziqephu ezintsha, eziqine, noma ezinqamuzayo ezindaweni ezibekwe elangeni zekhumba lakho. Ukubheka kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okufanele nokuqapha, kukunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yikuphi kwalokhu okuthinta ukukhathazeka:

• Isiqephu esiphuza, sibe buhlungu, noma sithuthukise isifo esivulekile
• Ukukhula okusheshayo noma izinguquko ezinkulu ngobukhulu, umbala, noma ubukhulu
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula okufana nezinsika esiqephuni
• Izindawo eziqala ukuba buhlungu noma ezivuvukayo
• Iziqephu eziningi ezintsha ezivela esikhathini esifushane

Ungalindi uma isiqephu siqala ukubukeka ngokuhlukile kwezinye i-actinic keratoses yakho noma uma sithuthukisa izindawo eziphakamile, eziqinile. Lezi zinguquko zingase zibonise ukuqhubeka komdlavuza wekhumba, futhi ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuhlale kuphumelela kakhulu.

Ngisho noma iziqephu zakho zibonakala ziqondile, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuzihlola minyaka yonke. I-dermatologist yakho ingalandelela izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi incoma indlela yokwelapha efanele kakhulu isimo sakho esithile.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-actinic keratosis?

Izici eziningi zikhuphula amathuba akho okukhula kwe-actinic keratoses, ngokubekwa elangeni okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda izimbangela zengozi zakho kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifanele futhi wazi nini okufanele uqaphele ngezinguquko zekhumba.

Izimbangela zengozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ikhumba elimhlophe, izinwele eziluhlaza, kanye namehlo amhlophe
• Umlando wokubekwa elangeni njalo noma ukushiswa yilanga
• Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 (nakuba abantu abancane bangathinteka)
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo noma eziphakeme
• Ukusebenza ngaphandle njalo
• Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kwezindawo zokubhentsha
• Isimimo somzimba esibuthakathaka esivela emithi noma ezimweni zezokwelapha

Ezinye izimbangela zengozi ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukuba uke wathuthelwa izitho (okudinga imithi yokucindezela i-immune), izimo ezithile zezakhiwo ezithinta ukukhanya kwekhumba, kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-radiation ekhumbeni.

Uma unazo izimbangela zengozi eziningi, ukhona engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-actinic keratoses eminingi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kusho ukuthi ukuqapha okuvamile kwekhumba nokuvikelwa kwelanga kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-actinic keratosis?

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu nge-actinic keratosis ukuthi ezinye iziqephu zingase ziqhubekele ku-squamous cell carcinoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wekhumba. Noma kunjalo, lo mkhuba uhamba kancane futhi uvela kuphela engxenyeni encane yezimo - ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe i-5-10% ye-actinic keratoses engalashwanga ingase ibe umdlavuza ekugcineni.

Uma ukuqhubeka kwenzeka, ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane ngezinyanga noma iminyaka kunokuba kube ngokushesha. Lokhu kunika wena nodokotela wakho isikhathi sokuqapha izinguquko nokungenela uma kufanele.

Izimpawu zokuthi i-actinic keratosis ingase iqhubeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukwanda okukhulu ngobukhulu noma ubukhulu
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo eziqinile, eziphakamile esiqephuni
• Ukuphuza okuqhubekayo noma isifo
• Izingozi zombala, ikakhulukazi ukumnyama noma ukungalingani kokukhanya
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ubuhlungu

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abantu abane-actinic keratoses eminingi bangase bathuthukise isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-field cancerization, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zekhumba elilimale ngelanga libe sengozini yomdlavuza wekhumba eminingi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanelimalile ngelanga kakhulu nesistimu yomzimba ebuthakathaka.

Umphumela wozwela awufanele uhlale uqaphelwe. Abanye abantu bazizwa bexakekile ngokuba nezikhumba ezingakabi umdlavuza, kanti abanye bangase bazizwe benesizungu ngeziqephu ezibonakalayo ebusweni babo noma ezandleni. Le mizwa ivamile futhi kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

I-actinic keratosis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekuvikeleni ikhumba lakho ekunakaleni kwe-UV okuqhubekayo, okungasiza ukuvimbela i-actinic keratoses entsha ukuba ibe khona futhi kungase kusize nezikhona ukuba zibe ngcono. Ikhona ukulandela imikhuba yokuvikelwa kwelanga njalo, nsuku zonke.

Izindlela zakho zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi ye-spectrum ene-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke
• Ukugqoka izingubo zokukhuselwa, iziqalo ezibanzi, kanye nezibuko
• Ukufuna isithunzi ngezikhathi eziphezulu zelanga (10 AM kuya ku-4 PM)
• Ukugwema izindawo zokubhentsha ngokuphelele
• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwakho siqu kwekhumba njalo
• Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwekhumba okusemthethweni njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho

Faka i-sunscreen ngokukhulu kuwo wonke amakhumba aveziwe, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezivame ukungaphazami njengezindlebe zakho, intamo, kanye nemva kwezandla. Phinda ufake yonke imizuzu emibili, noma ngokuvamile uma ugeza noma ukhanyisa.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-UV rays angangena emafini futhi ahlangane ezindaweni ezifana namanzi, isihlabathi, kanye neqhwa, ngakho ukuvikelwa kubalulekile ngisho nasezinsukwini ezimnyama noma ngesikhathi semisebenzi yasebusika. Ukwenza ukuvikelwa kwelanga kube yimikhuba yansuku zonke, njengokuhlafuna amazinyo, kukunika imiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside.

I-actinic keratosis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kombono nokwesikhumba ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma i-dermatologist. Bazobheka iziqephu futhi bazizwe ubukhulu bazo, ngokuvamile basebenzisa idivayisi yokukhulisa ebizwa ngokuthi yi-dermatoscope ukuzihlola ngokuningiliziwe.

Ezimeni eziningi, ukubonakala okuhlukile nobukhulu obukhulu kwenza i-actinic keratoses ibe lula ukuyibona. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ubukhulu, umbala, indawo, nenani leziqephu, futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wokubekwa elangeni nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase ancome i-biopsy yekhumba, ikakhulukazi uma isiqephu sibonakala singavamile noma sinemizwa ebandakanya umdlavuza wekhumba. Ngesikhathi se-biopsy, isibonelo esincane sekhumba elithintekile sisuswa futhi sihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo ngumchwepheshe wezokwelapha.

Inqubo ye-biopsy ngokuvamile ishesha futhi yenziwa nge-anesthesia yendawo ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho. Nakuba umqondo we-biopsy ungase ube ukukhathazeka, empeleni iyithuluzi eliwusizo elinikeza ulwazi oluqinisekile ngalokho okwenzekayo emaselini akho ekhumba.

Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise nezithombe ukuqopha i-actinic keratoses yakho, enze isisekelo sokuqhathanisa esikhathini esizayo ngezikhathi zokuvakashela okulandelayo. Lokhu kusiza ukulandelela izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuqaphele noma yiziphi iziqephu ezingase zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-actinic keratosis?

Ukwelashwa kugxile ekususeni amaseli ekhumba angavamile nokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuqhubeka komdlavuza wekhumba. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe enanini, ubukhulu, nendawo yeziqephu zakho, kanye nempilo yakho jikelele nezifiso.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-Cryotherapy (ukufriza nge-liquid nitrogen)
• Imithi yendawo njenge-imiquimod, i-fluorouracil, noma i-diclofenac
• I-Photodynamic therapy (ukwelashwa okuvuselelwa ukukhanya)
• I-Chemical peels esebenzisa i-trichloroacetic acid
• I-Electrodesiccation kanye ne-curettage (ukukrola nokushisa)
• I-Laser therapy yezimo ezithile

I-Cryotherapy ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivamile, ikakhulukazi ngezigaba ezizodwa. Udokotela wakho ufake i-liquid nitrogen ukuze afrize amaseli angavamile, bese ewa ngesikhathi ikhumba lakho liphulukana. Ungase ube nomuzwa wokushisa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nobomvu noma ukugqwala okwesikhashana kamuva.

Imithi yendawo isebenza kahle uma uneziqephu eziningi noma ufuna ukwelapha indawo enkulu. Lezi kremu noma amajeli afakwa ekhaya izinyanga eziningi, kancane kancane susa amaseli alimale. Cishe uzobona ubomvu, ukugqwala, nokuvuvukala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, okuvamile futhi kubonisa ukuthi imithi isebenza.

Nge-actinic keratoses enkulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe noma izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinkulu zekhumba elilimale ngelanga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umgomo ukulungisa hhayi kuphela iziqephu ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi ukwalima okungakabi kubonakala.

Indlela yokuphatha i-actinic keratosis ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kugxile ekusekeleni ukwelashwa kwakho okunconywe, ukuvikela ikhumba lakho, nokuqapha izinguquko. Nakuba ungakwazi ukwelapha i-actinic keratoses ngezindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya zodwa, ukunakekelwa okuhle komuntu siqu kusiza ukwenza imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa ibe ngcono.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, gcina izindawo ezithintekile zihlanzekile futhi zinamandla ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho engakuncoma ngenye indlela. Abahlanzi abamnene, abangenamphunga kanye ne-moisturizers basebenza kangcono, njengoba ikhumba eliqediwe lingase libe nobuhlungu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Vikela izindawo ezithintekile ekukhanyeni kwelanga, njengoba ikhumba lakho lizobe libuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Gqoka izingubo zokukhuselwa futhi ufake i-sunscreen ngokukhulu, ngisho nasezinsukwini ezimnyama. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zendawo zingenza ikhumba lakho libe nobuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho ukuvikelwa kwelanga okwengeziwe kubalulekile.

Qapha ikhumba lakho njalo ngezigaba ezintsha noma izinguquko ezikhona. Thatha izithombe uma kukusiza ukulandelela izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izindawo eziqala ukuba buhlungu, ziphuze, noma zibukeke ngokuhlukile kwezinye i-actinic keratoses yakho.

Phatha imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngokulandela imiyalo ethile yodokotela wakho. Uma usebenzisa imithi yendawo, linda ubomvu nokugqwala - lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza. Noma kunjalo, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, izimpawu zokutheleleka, noma izimpendulo ezibukeka zingaphezu kwalokho abakuchazile njengokujwayelekile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu e-aphoyintimenti yakho nokuthi udokotela wakho uneyonke imininingwane edingekayo ukukunikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu. Qala ngokwenza uhlu lwezinkathazo zakho nemibuzo ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho.

Buka ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi lapho uqale khona ukubona iziqephu, noma yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile, nokuthi zibangela ubuhlungu yini. Qaphela izindawo zomzimba wakho ezithintekile nokuthi uke waqaphela amabala amasha muva nje.

Lungisa umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwekhumba, umlando womndeni womdlavuza wekhumba, imithi oyithathayo, nanoma yiziphi izimo zesimimo somzimba. Ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma ngomlando wakho wokubekwa elangeni, kufaka phakathi ukushiswa kwelanga kwasebuntwaneni, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokubhentsha, kanye nokukhanya kwelanga emsebenzini.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengalezi:

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okunconywayo futhi kungani?
• Kufanele ngilindele ini ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa?
• Kufanele ngibe ne-aphoyintimenti zokulandelela kangaki?
• Yiziphi izinguquko engizibheka ekhaya?
• Ngingakhuselwa kanjani ikhumba lami ngokuqhubeka?

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Bangase banikeze ukwesekwa uma uzizwa uxakekile ngokuhlolwa noma izindlela zokwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-actinic keratosis?

I-Actinic keratoses iyikhulu, ukwelashwa okungenzeka izikhumba ezingakabi umdlavuza ezivela ekunakaleni kwelanga okulandelanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba igama elithi "precancerous" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, khumbula ukuthi lezi ziqephu ziphatheka kakhulu ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ukuthi ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kukunika imiphumela emihle. I-Actinic keratoses eningi iphendula kahle ekwelapheni, futhi ngokuvikelwa kwelanga okufanele, ungavimbela ezintsha ukuba zivele futhi usize ezikhona ukuba zibe ngcono.

Cabanga ngokuba ne-actinic keratoses njengenkumbulo yokunakekela ikhumba lakho kahle ngokuqhubeka. Lokhu kusho ukwenza ukuvikelwa kwelanga kube yimikhuba yansuku zonke, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwakho siqu njalo, nokulondoloza ukuhlolwa okuvamile nodokotela wakho.

Ungavumeli ukukhathazeka nge-actinic keratoses kufihle izinyathelo ezinhle ongazithatha. Ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla kanye nokuzimisela kwakho ukuvikelwa kwelanga, ungaphatha le simo ngokuphumelelayo ngenkathi uqhubeka ujabulela imisebenzi yangaphandle ngokuphepha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-actinic keratosis

Ingabe i-actinic keratoses ingaphela yodwa?

Ezinye i-actinic keratoses zingase ziphele noma zihambe okwesikhashana, ikakhulukazi ngokuvikelwa kwelanga okuqhubekayo, kodwa ngokuvamile zibuya uma ukwalima kwelanga okungaphansi kwalo kungalungiswa. Kungcono ukuzihlola nokwenza ukwelashwa kunokulindela ukuthi ziyophulukana zodwa, njengoba lokhu kukunika imiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside.

I-actinic keratoses iphenduka umdlavuza wekhumba ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ukuqhubeka kwe-actinic keratosis kuya emdlavuzini wekhumba ngokuvamile kuhamba kancane kakhulu, kwenzeka ngezinyanga kuya eminyakeni kunamaviki. Cishe i-5-10% kuphela ye-actinic keratoses engalashwanga ekugcineni iba umdlavuza, futhi lo mkhuba ukunika isikhathi esiningi sokuthola ukwelashwa uma kwenzeka izinguquko.

Ingabe i-actinic keratoses iyadluliseka?

Cha, i-actinic keratoses ayidluliseki neze. Ivela ekunakaleni kwelanga okulandelanayo emaselini akho ekhumba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi nganoma iyiphi i-virus, ibhaktheriya, noma omunye umthombo wokutheleleka. Awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu noma uyidlulisele kwabanye.

Ngingase ngiye elangeni uma ngine-actinic keratoses?

Yebo, usengakujabulela imisebenzi yangaphandle, kodwa ukuvikelwa kwelanga okuqhubekayo kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi ye-spectrum ene-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu, gqoka izingubo zokukhuselwa neziqalo, futhi ufuna isithunzi ngezikhathi eziphezulu zelanga. Umgomo ukunciphisa ukwalima okuqhubekayo ngenkathi usaphila impilo yakho ngokugcwele.

Ingabe insimbi izokhokhela ukwelashwa kwe-actinic keratosis?

Izinhlelo eziningi zezinsimbi zikhokhela ukwelashwa kwe-actinic keratosis njengoba lezi zikhumba ezingakabi umdlavuza zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, ukumbozwa kungase kuhluke kuye ngohlelo lwakho oluthile kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa olunconywe. Kufanele uhlole nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsimbi mayelana nokumbozwa kwakho ngaphambi kokwelashwa.