Ukuthi yini i-Acute Flaccid Myelitis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) iyisimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi esihlukanisa umgogodla, sibangela ubuthakathaka obuzumayo ezandleni noma emilenzeni. Cabanga ngomgogodla wakho njengendlela enkulu ethwala imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo yakho nemisipha. Uma i-AFM ihlasela, yonakalisa ingxenye ethile yale ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-gray matter, iphazamisa lezo zibonakaliso ezibalulekile.

Nakuba i-AFM ingase izwakale iyesabekayo, ukuqonda ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi unolwazi. Imikhakha eminingi ivela kubantwana, futhi nakuba lesi simo sibucayi, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokubuyiselwa.

Zithini izimpawu ze-acute flaccid myelitis?

Izimpawu ze-AFM zivame ukuvela ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngamahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uphawu olucacile kakhulu yubuthakathaka obuzumayo kwelinye noma ngaphezulu kwelungu lesihlalo elingaphili kahle.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Ubuthakathaka obuzumayo ezandleni noma emilenzeni, ngokuvamile ngakwesinye uhlangothi lomzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa yi-muscle tone, okwenza amalungu azizwe e-floppy noma e-loose
• Ukunciphisa noma ukungabikho kwe-reflexes ezindaweni ezihlaselekile
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa imisipha yobuso, okuholela ekwehliseni noma ebunzimeni bokukhuluma
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukukhuluma okuqengqelekayo
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza kwamehlo noma ukwehla kwamaphethilolo

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ungase ubone nezinkinga zokuphefumula uma imisipha elawula ukuphefumula ihlaselwe. Abanye abantu baba nobunzima bomhlane, ubushushu, noma ubuhlungu bomhlane ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ubuthakathaka.

Okwenza i-AFM ihluke kwezinye izimo ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivele ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi zihlukanisa amaqembu emisipha ethile kunokubangela ukugula okujwayelekile. Ubuthakathaka ngokuvamile abulungi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha nokubuyiselwa.

Yini ebangela i-acute flaccid myelitis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-AFM ayicaci ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinto eziningi zingabangela lesi simo. Imikhakha eminingi ibonakala ihlobene nokutheleleka kwamagciwane, nakuba ezinye izimbangela zingase zikwazi.

Nazi izimbangela eziphikisanayo eziyinhloko:

• Ama-Enteroviruses: Ngokukhethekile i-EV-D68 ne-EV-A71, okuyizigciwane ezivamile zabantwana
• I-West Nile virus: Yasakazwa ngokukhonjwa kwezinyosi
• Ama-Adenoviruses: Izigciwane ezivamile ezivame ukubangela izimpawu ezifana ne-cold
• Ezinye izifo ze-viral: Kuhlanganise ne-poliovirus ezimweni ezingavamile
• Izinto eziyingozi ze-environmental: Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu
• Ukusebenza kwe-autoimmune: Lapho uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba luhlasela ngephutha inyama enempilo

Okumangalisa mayelana ne-AFM ukuthi izigidi zabantu bathola lezi zifo ze-viral unyaka nonyaka, kodwa inani elincane kakhulu liqala i-AFM. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abantu abathile bangase babe sengozini enkulu, nakuba singakaqondi ukuthi kungani.

Lesi simo sivame ukulandela ukugula kokuphefumula ngezinsuku noma ngamasonto ambalwa, okusekela ukuxhumana kwe-viral. Noma kunjalo, odokotela abakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona imbangela ethile kuyo yonke imikhakha.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-acute flaccid myelitis?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ubuthakathaka obuzumayo ezandleni noma emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi kumntwana. I-AFM iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye ekamelweni elikhethekile lokuphuthuma uma ubona ubuthakathaka obuzumayo obungaphili ngamahora ambalwa. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi buyahamba yini.

Ezinye izimpawu zezexwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphumula, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokulawulwa kwemisipha yobuso. Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ukuthi iyi-AFM, ubuthakathaka obuzumayo bemisipha buhlale bufuna ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni, ngakho-ke kuhlale kungcono ukukhetha ukuma okuphephile uma kukhulunywa ngezimpawu ze-neurological.

Zithini izinto ezingase zikubeke engozini ye-acute flaccid myelitis?

Nakuba i-AFM ingathinta noma ubani, izinto ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba okuthola lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikubeke engozini kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikubeke engozini akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-AFM.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikubeke engozini zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Abantwana nabantu abadala abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-21 bayathinteka kakhulu
• Isikhathi sonyaka: Imikhakha eminingi ivela phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba
• Ukugula kwe-viral kwamuva: Ukuba nokutheleleka kokuphefumula emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale
• Indawo yendawo: Ezinye izindawo zingase zibe namanani aphezulu eminyakeni ethile
• Izici ze-immune system: Nakuba izici ezithile ze-immune zingakacaci kahle

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-AFM isayingavamile kakhulu, ngisho nakwabantu abanezi zinto ezingase zikubeke engozini. Lesi simo sithinta abantu abangaphansi kwabathathu kuya kwesigidi unyaka ngamunye e-United States.

Abantwana abaningi abatholakala izigciwane ezihlobene ne-AFM abayitholi lesi simo nhlobo. Abacwaningi basasebenza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu kunabanye.

Zithini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-acute flaccid myelitis?

I-AFM ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezisheshayo nezinde, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomgogodla ezihlaselekile. Nakuba lezi zinhlelo zinzima, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokukhathalelwa okuhle.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhlala njalo: Ubuthakathaka obuningi bungase buhlale khona ngisho nasemuva kokwelashwa
• Izinhlupheko zokuphefumula: Uma imisipha yokuphefumula ihlaselwe
• Ubunzima bokuginya: Okungabangela ukukhathazeka ngokondliwa nokugwinya
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma: Uma imisipha yobuso nomlomo ihilelekile
• Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwemisipha: Njengoba imisipha ilungisa ubuthakathaka
• Imiphumela ye-emotional ne-psychological: Ukuqondana nokukhubazeka okungazelelwe

Ubukhulu bezinhlanganisela buyahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bayaphila kakhulu noma yonke imisebenzi yabo, kanti abanye bangase babe nemiphumela ehlala njalo edinga ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo nokuziqondisa.

Ngokubuyiselwa okuhle, ukuqeqeshwa komzimba, nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi bafunda ukuziqondisa nokugcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila ngisho noma ezinye izimpawu zihlala njalo.

I-acute flaccid myelitis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-AFM kudinga ukuhlolwa okuningi ngoba izimpawu zingase zibukeke zifana nezinye izimo ze-neurological. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa okucophelelayo bese usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa.

Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa komzimba okuqondile ukuhlola amandla emisipha, i-reflexes, kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezifo zakamuva nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuhlola kuhlanganisa:

• I-MRI yomgogodla: Lokhu kubonisa ukuvuvukala ku-gray matter yomgogodla
• I-Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): Ukuhlola i-spinal fluid ngezimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuhlolwa kokushayela kwama-nerve: Ukuhlola ukuthi ama-nerve asebenza kahle kangakanani
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukubuka izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ezinye izimo
• Ukuhlanza izisu noma umlomo: Ukuhlola izigciwane ezithile

I-MRI ibalulekile ngokukhethekile ngoba ingabonisa iphethini ebonakalayo yokonakala komgogodla okuvela ku-AFM. Lokhu kusiza odokotela ukwahlukanisa i-AFM kwezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Ukuthola ukuhlonishwa okuqondile kungathatha isikhathi esithile, njengoba odokotela bedinga ukususa ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zokuthakathaka okungazelelwe.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-acute flaccid myelitis?

Okwamanje, ayikho imithi ekhethekile ye-AFM, kodwa ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekusekeleni ukubuyiselwa. Umgomo ukunciphisa izinhlanganisela nokukusiza ubuyisele imisebenzi eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukukhathalelwa okusekayo: Ukulawula ukuphefumula, ukuginya, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile
• Ukuqeqeshwa komzimba: Ukuvikela amandla emisipha nokuvimbela ukuqina
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-occupational: Ukusiza ngezinto zansuku zonke nezinsiza zokuzinza
• Ukuqeqeshwa kokukhuluma: Ngokugwinya nobunzima bokukhuluma
• Imithi: Njenge-steroids noma ukwelashwa kwe-immune, nakuba ukusebenza kwabo kusacwaningwa
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlulisa ama-nerve: Kwezinye izimo, ukubuyisela imisebenzi kwemisipha ehlulekile

Uhlelo lokwelapha luxhomeke ezingxenyeni ezihlaselekile nasekuthini izimpawu zinzima kangakanani. Abanye abantu badinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu esibhedlela ekuqaleni, kanti abanye bangakwazi ukulawula ngezinsizakalo zangaphandle.

Isikhathi sokubuyiselwa sihluka kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka okuthile kungase kwenzeke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, kanti ezinye izinzuzo zingase zithathe iminyaka. Iqembu lokubuyiselwa lizoqeqeshwa nawe ukuthuthukisa imigomo nethemba eliqondile.

Indlela yokuphatha i-acute flaccid myelitis ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa ekhaya kugxile ekusekeleni ukubuyiselwa nasekuvimbeleni izinhlanganisela ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokulandela iziphakamiso zabo ezithile.

Izindlela ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa ekhaya zihlanganisa ukulandela imisebenzi yakho eqeqeshwe ngokuphelele njengoba kuqondiswe, ngisho noma ukuthuthuka kuzwakala kuhamba kancane. Ukuhlala uqeqesha umzimba nokusebenza okuhle kungenza umehluko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izindlela eziwusizo zihlanganisa:

• Ukugcina ukondliwa okuhle ukuze kusekele ukululama namandla
• Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba ezindaweni ezinokuzwa okuncishisiwe
• Ukusebenzisa izinto zokuzinza njengoba kunconywe ngabaqeqeshi
• Ukuhlala uxhumene nabangane nomndeni ngokusekelwa ngokomzwelo
• Ukulandela njalo neqembu lakho lezokwelapha
• Ukubuka izimpawu zezinhlanganisela ezifana nokushintsha kokuphefumula

Ukudala indawo ekhaya ephephile kubalulekile futhi. Lokhu kungase kusho ukususa izinto ezingase zibangele ukuwela, ukufaka ama-grab bars, noma ukwenza ezinye izinguquko ngokususelwa ezidingweni zakho ezithile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukululama kuvame ukuba yinqubo ende, futhi kuyinto evamile ukuba nezinsuku ezinhle nezinsuku ezinzima. Ukuba nesineke ngawe futhi ugubhe ukuthuthuka okuncane kungasiza ekugcineni isisusa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi lonke ulwazi oluqondile luhlanganisiwe. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza futhi ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngokuya.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Faka imininingwane mayelana nanoma yiziphi izifo zakamuva, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kokuphefumula emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ubuthakathaka.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yamanje, izithasiselo, nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okuye kwazumelwa. Lungiselela nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini okulindelekile, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye ne-prognosis.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-appointment. Bangase futhi banikeze ukubuka okuengeziwe mayelana nezimpawu zakho.

Uma lokhu akuyona i-appointment yakho yokuqala, letha amarekhodi okuvakasha okudlule nanoma yimaphi imiphumela yokuhlola. Ukuba lonke ulwazi lwakho lwezokwelapha endaweni eyodwa kusiza udokotela wakho ukwenza izinqumo zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana ne-acute flaccid myelitis?

I-AFM iyisimo esibucayi kodwa esingavamile esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu zivela. Nakuba ukuqala okungazelelwe kobuthakathaka kungase kube okwesabisayo, ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokusekelwa kukhona kungase kunikeze induduzo ethile.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kwasekuqaleni kwenza umehluko. Uma uqaphela ubuthakathaka obuzumayo kuwe noma kumuntu omthandayo, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-AFM kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bayaphila kakhulu noma yonke imisebenzi yabo, kanti abanye baziqondisa ekuphileni ngemiphumela ehlala njalo. Noma ngabe kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha, ukubuyiselwa, nokusekelwa, abantu abane-AFM bangagcina ukuphila okunenjongo, okuhlala njalo.

Ucwaningo lwe-AFM luyaqhubeka, nokuqonda kwethu ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kuya kuqhubeka nokwenyuka. Ukuhlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokulandela iziphakamiso zabo kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba nomphumela omuhle kakhulu onokwenzeka.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-acute flaccid myelitis

Ingabe i-acute flaccid myelitis ifana ne-polio?

I-AFM ne-polio zibangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa azifani. I-polio ibangelwa yi-poliovirus futhi manje ingavamile kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa. I-AFM ingabangelwa izigciwane eziningi ezahlukene futhi okwamanje ayinawo umuthi wokuvikela. Noma kunjalo, zombili izimo zihlukanisa i-gray matter yomgogodla, kungakho izimpawu zibukeka zifanayo.

Ingabe i-acute flaccid myelitis ingavikeleka?

Ayikho indlela ethile yokuvikela i-AFM njengoba singaqondi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bayithola ngemuva kokutheleleka kwamagciwane kanti abanye abayitholi. Noma kunjalo, unganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwamagciwane okungase kubangele i-AFM ngokwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukugeza izandla njalo, ukugwema abantu abagulayo uma kunokwenzeka, nokulandelwa uhlelo lokugonywa olujwayelekile.

Ingabe umntwana wami uzophila ngokuphelele kwi-acute flaccid myelitis?

Ukubuyiselwa kuyahluka kakhulu kumntwana ngamunye. Abanye abantwana bayaphila kakhulu noma yonke imisebenzi yabo, kanti abanye bangase babe nemiphumela ehlala njalo. Ubukhulu bokuphulukiswa kuvame ukuxhomeke ezingxenyeni zomgogodla ezihlaselekile nokuthi ukwelashwa kwaqala nini. Ukuthuthuka okuningi kwenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala, kodwa abanye abantu baqhubeka bebona izinzuzo iminyaka eminingi ngokuqeqeshwa okuhlala njalo.

Ingabe i-acute flaccid myelitis iyadluliseka?

I-AFM ngokwayo ayidluliseki, kodwa izigciwane ezingase ziyibangele zingadluliselwa komunye umuntu. Uma othile ene-AFM, abadluliseli i-AFM ngokuqondile, kodwa bangase baqhubeke bephethe i-virus ebangela ukugula kwabo. Kungakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi becela izinyathelo zokwahlukanisa ezingxenyeni zokuqala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezibhedlela.

I-acute flaccid myelitis ivamile kangakanani?

I-AFM ingavamile kakhulu, ithinta abantu abangaphansi kwabathathu kuya kwesigidi unyaka ngamunye e-United States. Imikhakha eminingi ivela kubantwana nabantu abadala abancane. Lesi simo sibonakala silandela izindlela, ngemikhakha eminingi ebikwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngokuvamile ifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kokwehla. Nakuba ingavamile, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu njengoba ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko.