Ukuqina Okukhulu Kwesisu: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kwenzeka lapho izindawo ezizungezile khona iphunga nomlomo ziba bukhulu futhi zivuvukala, ngokuvamile kuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amane. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yakho yemvelo yokukhipha amanzi evinjelwe okwesikhashana, njengoba isigubhu singase sibuyele emuva lapho imiyenge ivalekile.

Lesi simo esivamile sithinta izigidi zabantu unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezikhathi zobanda ne-influenza. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kungekuhle, ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu ngokuvamile kuphendula kahle ekwelapheni futhi kuyaqeda ngokuphelele ngenhlalakahle efanele.

Kuyini ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuwukuvuvukala kwesikhathi esifushane kwama-sinuses akho, izindawo ezigcwele umoya ekhanda lakho ezizungezile iphunga, izimpumputhe, nempumulo. Lapho lezi zindawo zivinjwe futhi zigcwele amanzi, amabhaktheriya noma ama-viruses angakhula futhi abangele ukutheleleka.

Ama-sinuses akho ngokuvamile akhiqiza i-mucus ekhipha ngemilomo emincane eya ezindleleni zakho ze-nasal. Lapho ukuvuvukala kuvala lezi zindlela zokukhipha, ukucindezela kuyaqhubeka futhi kudala izimpawu ezingathandeki ozizwayo. Ingxenye ethi "ukukhulu" isho nje ukuthi ithuthuka ngokushesha futhi ihlala isikhathi esifushane.

Izimo eziningi zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu zithuthuka ngemuva kokubanda noma ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela isebenza kanzima, futhi ukuvuvukala okwengeziwe kungase kudale inkinga emisebenzini yakho yemvelo yokukhipha amanzi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Izimpawu zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu zingase zibe zingekho lutho kuya ekuhluphekiseni kakhulu, kodwa ukuqaphela zisekuqaleni kuzokusiza uthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Umuthi wakho uyakunika izibonakaliso ezicacile lapho ama-sinuses akho elwa ukusebenza kahle.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• I-nasal discharge ebukhulu, enombala (ensiza, eluhlaza, noma efihliwe)
• Ukuvalela kwe-nasal noma ukuvimbela okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima
• Ubuhlungu nokucindezela ezimpumputhe, izimpumputhe, iphunga, noma empumulweni
• Ukuncipha komuzwa wokunuka nokunambitha
• Ukuhlanza okungase kube kubi ebusuku
• Ukukhathala nomuzwa jikelele wokungaphili kahle
• Umoya omubi naphezu kokuhlambulukile komlomo
• Ukuqina, ikakhulukazi ezintweni zobhaktheriya

Abanye abantu nabo bazwa ubuhlungu bamazinyo, ikakhulukazi emazinyweni abo aphezulu, ngoba ama-sinuses akho ahlala eduze nezimpande zama-tooth. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukugoba phambili noma ukuwela phansi kwenza ukucindezela nobuhlungu kube kubi kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa ukucindezela kwezindlebe, izinhlungu zikhanda ezihluke kwezakho ezivamile, ne-throat ekrakra evela e-post-nasal drip. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kunokuba zivele ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Yini ebangela ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu ngokuvamile kuqala lapho okuthile kuvala ukukhipha kwesisu sakho okuvamile, kudala indawo efanele yokuvuvukala nokutheleleka. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza uqaphele lapho ungase ube sengozini.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwama-viruses njengokubanda okuvamile noma i-influenza
• Ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya okuthuthuka ngemuva kokugula kwama-viruses
• Ukuphikisana kwama-allergies ku-pollen, uthuli, i-dander yesilwane, noma ezinye izinto ezicasulayo
• Ama-nasal polyps noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile
• I-nasal septum ehlukanisiwe evala ukukhipha
• Izinto ezicasulayo ezizungezile njengokubhema, ukungcoliswa komoya, noma amakhemikhali aqinile

Ukutheleleka kwama-viruses kubangela cishe u-90% wezimo zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu. Lapho unokubanda, ukuvuvukala kungasakazeka ezindleleni zakho ze-nasal kuya kuma-sinuses akho, kuvala imilomo emincane evumela i-mucus ukuba ikhiphe.

Ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ukuqina kwesisu kwama-viruses kungaphuli ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10, noma lapho izimpawu zibukeka zibi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba zilungile ekuqaleni. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ingase ihluleke, ivumela amabhaktheriya ahlala ngokungenakho ukulimaza ephungwini lakho ukuba ande futhi abangele ukutheleleka.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kungabangela ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka noma labo abavezwe ezinye izinhlobo zamasongo. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile futhi ngokuvamile luthinta abantu abanesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma ezinye izimo ezibuthakathaka ubukhona besistimu yokuzikhusela.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Izimo eziningi zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu ziyaqonda ngokwazo noma ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya okulula, kodwa izibonakaliso ezithile zibonisa ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kochwepheshe. Ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ucele usizo kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kukwenze uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha.

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphandle kokuthuthuka
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezinkulu noma ubuhlungu ebusweni obungaphenduli ezinhlungwini zokwelapha ezingaphezu kokuthengwa
• Ukuqina okuphezulu kunama-101.3°F (38.5°C)
• Ukushintsha kokubona noma ukukhuluka kwamehlo
• Intamo eqinile kanye nezinhlungu zikhanda ezinkulu
• Izimpawu eziphucuka bese zibukeka zibi kakhulu

Lezi zibonakaliso zingase zibonise ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya okudinga ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotics, noma ngokungavamile, inkinga enzima kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi udinga yini imithi yokwelapha noma uma ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuzokwanela.

Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho. Uma uzizwa ubuhlungu kakhulu kunalokho obekulindele ekuqaleni kokubanda, noma uma ukhathazekile nganoma iyiphi impikiswano, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlola nodokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuholela ekuphileni okusheshayo futhi kuvimbela izinkinga.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Izinto ezithile zingakwenza ube nethuba elikhulu lokuthola ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthola. Ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela uma kungenzeka.

Izinto ezivamile ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwesistimu yokuphefumula okuphezulu noma ukubanda
• Ama-allergies ezinkathi noma izimo zama-allergies unyaka wonke
• Izinkinga zokwakheka kwe-nasal njenge-septum ehlukanisiwe
• Ukuvezwa ekubhemeni utshwala noma ukungcoliswa komoya
• Ukubhukuda noma ukujima njalo
• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo emazinyweni aphezulu
• Isistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi

Abanye abantu bavame ukuba nezinkinga ze-sinus ngenxa ubukhulu nokuma kokuvula kwama-sinus abo. Uma uke waba nezimo eziningi zokuqina kwesisu, ungase ube nezindlela zokukhipha ezivalekile ezivinjwa kalula.

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nazo zikhuphula ingozi yakho, kuhlanganise i-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis, nezinye izifo zesimiso sokuzikhusela. Abantu abanezi zimo kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga ze-sinus futhi basebenze eduze nodokotela babo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Nakuba izimo eziningi zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu ziyaphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga, izinkinga zingase zenzeke uma ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngaphandle kwama-sinuses akho. Lezi zinkinga azivamile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela izibonakaliso zezixwayiso.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto angu-12
• Ukutheleleka okusakazekayo ezindaweni ezizungezile njengamehlo noma ingqondo
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (osteomyelitis) emathanjeni e-skull
• I-blood clots endaweni ye-sinus
• I-meningitis ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu

Izinkinga ezihlobene namehlo zingase zenzeke ngoba ama-sinuses akho ahlala eduze kakhulu ne-eye sockets. Izibonakaliso zihlanganisa ukukhuluka ezimpumputhe, ukushintsha kokubona, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho uhambisa amehlo akho. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile lapho ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuphathwa kahle. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele futhi abanawo umphumela ohlala njalo ekuthelelekeni kwabo kwe-sinus.

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela yonke isimo sokuqina okukhulu kwesisu, amasu ambalwa anganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela zigxile ekugcineni izindlela zakho ze-nasal zihlanzeke futhi kunciphise ukuvezwa ezintweni ezicasulayo.

Amasu okuvimbela asebenza kahle ahlanganisa:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezikhathi zobanda ne-influenza
• Ukuphatha ama-allergies ngemithi efanele
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ukugcina umoya ukhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusika
• Ukugwema ukubhema utshwala nezinye izinto ezicasulayo zomoya
• Ukugcina umzimba ukhulu ukugcina i-mucus ithinwe futhi iqhubeke
• Ukuthola ukulala okwanele ukusekela isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela

Ukuhlanza i-nasal nge-saline solution kungasiza ukugcina ama-sinuses akho ehlanzekile, ikakhulukazi uma unama-allergies noma ukubanda njalo. Le ndlela yokuhlanza ebushelelezi ikhipha izinto ezicasulayo ne-mucus engeziwe ngaphambi kokuba zibangele izinkinga.

Uma unezinkinga zokwakheka njenge-septum ehlukanisiwe noma ama-nasal polyps, ukusebenza nodokotela wezindlebe, iphunga, nomlomo kungasiza ukulungisa izinkinga eziyisisekelo ezenza ube nethuba elikhulu lokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-sinus.

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kunqunywa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukunquma ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba. Inqubo yokunquma ngokuvamile ilula futhi ayidingi ukuhlolwa okuningi ezimweni eziningi.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho, udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola izindlela zakho ze-nasal ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuncane noma i-scope ukubuka izibonakaliso zokuvuvukala, ukukhipha, noma ukuvimbela. Bazocindezela futhi ngobumnene ezindaweni ezizungezile ama-sinuses akho ukuhlola ubuhlungu.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu, aziphenduli ekwelapheni okuqalayo, noma uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngezinkinga. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-CT scans ukuthola izithombe eziningi zama-sinuses akho, noma ngokungavamile, i-MRI scans uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokusakazeka ezindaweni ezizungezile.

Udokotela wakho angase athathe isampula yokukhipha i-nasal ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingabangela ukutheleleka. Lokhu kusiza ukuqondisa ukukhethwa kwama-antibiotics uma kukhona ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya.

Ukwelashwa kokuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kokuqina okukhulu kwesisu kugxile ekuqedeni izimpawu nasekulungiseni imbangela, kungaba yi-viral noma i-bacterial. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ama-decongestants ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokwenza ukukhipha kube lula
• Izinhlungu zokwelapha njenge-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ngenxa yobuhlungu
• Ukuhlanza i-nasal saline ukukhipha i-mucus nezinto ezicasulayo
• Ama-antibiotics uma ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya kunqunywe
• Ama-corticosteroid nasal sprays ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• Ama-antihistamines uma ama-allergies ahlanganyela ezimpawu

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthi udinga yini ama-antibiotics ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho, isikhathi sokuthi uke wagula kangakanani, nokuhlolwa kwakho.

Uma uthola ama-antibiotics, kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo ngisho noma uzizwa ukhulu ngaphambi kokuphela kwamapilisi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhaktheriya angalwi nama-antibiotics futhi kunciphisa amathuba okubuyela kokutheleleka.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu ekhaya?

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni ekuqineni okukhulu kwesisu futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu bakho ngesikhathi umzimba wakho uphilisa. Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zisekela izinqubo zakho zemvelo zokwelapha futhi zinikeza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kwasekhaya okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukunisela amanzi amaningi ukwenza i-mucus ibe thin
• Ukusebenzisa ama-compresses afudumele ebusweni bakho ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokucindezela
• Ukuphefumula umusi ovela eshawa elifudumele noma isitsha samanzi afudumele
• Ukulala ngekhanda eliphakeme ukuthuthukisa ukukhipha
• Ukugwema utshwala ne-caffeine, okuthuthukisa ukuphelelwa amanzi
• Ukuphumula ukusizakala isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela elwa nokutheleleka

Ukuhlanza i-nasal saline nge-neti pot noma i-squeeze bottle kungaba usizo kakhulu ekukhipeni i-mucus ebukhulu nezinto ezicasulayo. Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi ahlanzekile, noma amanzi abilisiwe kahle ukuze ugweme ukufaka amabhaktheriya engeziwe.

Ukumomotheka kobuso ngobumnene ezizungezile ama-sinuses akho kungase futhi kunikeze ukukhululeka okuthile. Sebenzisa ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okulula phezu kwama-cheekbones akho nempumulo, kodwa yeka uma kukhuphula ubuhlungu bakho noma ukungakhululeki.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukuqokwa kwakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuqokwa kwakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo futhi ungakhohlwa imininingwane ebalulekile ngezimpawu zakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukunquma okuchane kakhulu ngokushesha.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, bhala izimpawu zakho kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi. Phawula futhi noma iyiphi imithi oye wayizama nokuthi yasiza yini.

Letha uhlu lwayo yonke imithi oyithatha njengamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokwelapha engaphezu kokuthengwa kanye nezinye izinto. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingase zihlangane nezinye izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukuqina kwesisu, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga lolu lwazi oluphelele.

Cabanga nganoma yiziphi izifo zakamuva, ama-allergies, noma ukushintsha endaweni yakho okuye kwabangela izinkinga zakho ze-sinus. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini futhi akhethe ukwelashwa okufanele.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuyisimo esivamile, esivame ukuba sesikhashana esiphendula kahle ekwelapheni okufanele. Nakuba kungase kube nzima kakhulu, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngenhlalakahle efanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqina kwesisu kwama-viruses ngokuvamile kuyaqonda ngokwalo ngokunakekelwa okusiza, kuyilapho ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya kungase kudinge ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotics. Ukusebenza nodokotela wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Unganqikazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu, zihlala isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindele, noma zibukeka zibi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba zilungile ekuqaleni. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kukwenze ubuyele ekuzizweni okuhle ngokushesha.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu ngokuvamile kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ngokutheleleka kwama-viruses, nakuba ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside kuze kube amasonto amane. Ukuqina kwesisu kwamabhaktheriya ngokuvamile kuyaqonda ezinsukwini eziyi-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala ama-antibiotics, ngokuphela okuphelele ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amane, isimo sibhekwa njengokuqina okukhulu kwesisu.

Ukuqina okukhulu kwesisu kuyatheleleka?

Ukuqina kwesisu ngokwako akukuthatheli, kodwa ukutheleleka kwama-viruses noma amabhaktheriya okwakubangela kungase kube. Uma ukuqina kwesisu kwakho kwaba ngokubanda, ungase usakaze lowo virus wokubanda kwabanye. Yenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle njengokuhlanza izandla njalo nokumboza ukuhlanza ukuvikela labo abakuzungezile.

Ngingabhabha yini ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu?

Ukubhabha ngokuqina okukhulu kwesisu kungase kube nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kokucindezela okuthinta ama-sinuses akho asevele avinjiwe. Uma kufanele ubhabhe, sebenzisa i-decongestant cishe ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuthatha nokuwela, futhi cabanga nge-nasal saline spray ngesikhathi sobhawo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezinkulu noma ukukhathazeka ngokubhabha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokutheleleka kwe-sinus nama-allergies?

Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus ngokuvamile kubangela ukukhipha i-nasal ebukhulu, enombala nobuhlungu ebusweni, kuyilapho ama-allergies ngokuvamile akhiqiza ukukhipha okucacile, okumanzi nokukrakra. Ama-allergies avame ukuba ezinkathi noma athathwe izinto ezithile, kuyilapho ukutheleleka kwe-sinus ngokuvamile kulandela ukubanda. Udokotela wakho angasiza ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ezimbili.

Nini lapho ngidinga ama-antibiotics ngokuqina kwesisu?

Ama-antibiotics awusizo kuphela ngokuqina kwesisu kwamabhaktheriya, hhayi ukutheleleka kwama-viruses. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze ama-antibiotics uma unezimpawu ezinkulu, izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphandle kokuthuthuka, noma uma izimpawu zibukeka zibi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba zilungile ekuqaleni. Izimo eziningi zokuqina okukhulu kwesisu ziyi-viral futhi azidingi ama-antibiotics.