Adhd

Ukuphazamiseka kokunaka/ukukhula okungapheli (ADHD) kuyisimo esingapheli esithinta izigidi zabantwana futhi kaningi siqhubeka nokubakhona ebuntweni. I-ADHD ihlanganisa ukuxubana kwezinkinga eziqhubekayo, njengobunzima bokuqhubeka nokugxila, ukukhula okungapheli nokuziphatha okusheshayo. Abantwana abane-ADHD bangase futhi bazibheke phansi, babe nobudlelwano obukhulu nokuphumelela okubi esikoleni. Izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi ziyancipha ngokwanda kweminyaka. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu abasoze baphelelwa ngokuphelele yizimpawu ze-ADHD zabo. Kodwa bangafunda amasu okuphumelela. Nakuba ukwelashwa kungelaphi i-ADHD, kungasiza kakhulu ngezimpawu. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya imithi kanye nokungenelela kokuziphatha. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumeni.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-ADHD zihlanganisa ukunganakwa nokuziphatha okungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Izimpawu ze-ADHD ziqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12, futhi kwezinye izingane, ziyabonakala kusenesikhathi esingangeminyaka emithathu ubudala. Izimpawu ze-ADHD zingaba mncane, zilinganiselwe noma zinzima, futhi zingaqhubeka zize zifike ebudaleni. I-ADHD ivame ukwenzeka kakhulu emadodeni kunasemifanekisweni, futhi ukuziphatha kungahluka phakathi kwabafana namantombazane. Isibonelo, abafana bangase babe namandla amaningi kakhulu futhi amantombazane angase athambekele ekunganakini ngokuthula. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-ADHD: Okungaphezu kwesilinganiso okunganakwa. Iningi lezimpawu lingaphansi kokunganakwa. Okungaphezu kwesilinganiso okunamandla/okuziphatha ngokushesha. Iningi lezimpawu linamandla amaningi futhi liziphatha ngokushesha. Okuhlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimpawu zokunganakwa nezimpawu zokunamandla/okuziphatha ngokushesha. Ingane ebonisa iphethini yokunganakwa ingase ivame: Ukwehluleka ukunaka izinto ezisemqoka noma enze amaphutha angakhathalelwa emsebenzini wesikole Ibe nenkinga yokugxila emisebenzini noma emidlalweni Ingabonakali ilalela, noma kukhulunywa nayo ngqo Ibe nenkinga yokulandela imiyalelo futhi yehluleke ukuqeda umsebenzi wesikole noma imisebenzi yasekhaya Ibe nenkinga yokuhlela imisebenzi nemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa Igweme noma ingathandi imisebenzi edinga umzamo wengqondo ogxilile, njengomsebenzi wesikole Ilahlekelwe izinto ezidingekayo zemisebenzi noma imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa, isibonelo, amathoyizi, imisebenzi yesikole, amapensela Ibe yinto ephazamisayo kalula Ukukhohlwa ukwenza ezinye izinto zansuku zonke, njengokukhohlwa ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya Ingane ebonisa iphethini yezimpawu ezinamandla amaningi neziziphatha ngokushesha ingase ivame: Ukushukumisa noma ukushaya izandla noma izinyawo, noma ukuzula esihlalweni Ibe nenkinga yokuhlala ehhla esikoleni noma kwezinye izimo Ibe isehambeni, ishintsha indawo njalo Igijime noma ikhuphuke ezimweni lapho kungafanele khona Ibe nenkinga yokudlala noma yokwenza umsebenzi ngokuthula Ikhulume kakhulu Iphumeze izimpendulo ngokushesha, iphazamise umbuzo Ibe nenkinga yokulinda isikhathi sayo Iphazamise noma ingenelele ezingxoxweni zabanye, imidlalo noma imisebenzi Iningi lezingane ezinempilo liyazikhohlisa, linamandla amaningi noma liziphatha ngokushesha ngesinye isikhathi. Kuyinto ejwayelekile kubantwana abancane ukuba benomkhawulo omfushane wokugxila futhi bangakwazi ukuhlala benza into eyodwa isikhathi eside. Ngisho nasezinganeni ezindala nasebasha, umkhawulo wokugxila uvame ukuncika ezingeni lenzalo. Okufanayo kuyenzeka nakwinamandla amaningi. Izingane ezincane ngokwemvelo zinamandla amaningi — zivame ukuba namandla amaningi isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthi zikhiphe amandla abazali bazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingane ngokwemvelo zinezinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi kunalezo ezinye. Izingane akufanele zihlukaniswe njengezine-ADHD nje ngoba zihlukile kubangane bazo noma abafowabo. Izingane ezinezinkinga esikoleni kodwa zihlale kahle ekhaya noma nabangane zingase zibe nenkinga enye ngaphandle kwe-ADHD. Okufanayo kuyenzeka ezinganeni ezinamandla amaningi noma ezinganakwa ekhaya, kodwa umsebenzi wesikole nobungane bazo busala bungathinteki. Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu ze-ADHD, bheka udokotela wabantwana noma udokotela womndeni. Udokotela wakho angase akuthumele kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wabantwana wezokuthuthuka nokuziphatha, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma udokotela wezinkinga zengqondo yabantwana, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqala ukuze kuhlolwe ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zezinkinga zengane yakho.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu ze-ADHD, vakashela udokotela wezingane noma udokotela womndeni. Udokotela wakho angase akuqondise odokotela ochwepheshe, njengodokotela wezingane ophatha ukukhula nokuziphatha, isazi sengqondo, udokotela wezengqondo noma udokotela wezingane wezinzwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlolwa yi-medical kuqala ukuhlola ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zezinkinga zengane yakho.

Nakuba imbangela eqondile ye-ADHD ingaqondakali, imizamo yocwaningo iyaqhubeka. Izici ezingase zihileleke ekuthuthukiseni i-ADHD zihlanganisa i-genetics, imvelo noma izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa eziyinhloko ngezikhathi ezibalulekile zokuthuthuka.

Izimbangela ezingase zibangele i-ADHD zingabandakanya: • Izihlobo zegazi, njengomzali noma umfowabo, one-ADHD noma olunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo • Ukubhekana nezinto eziyingozi emvelweni—njenge-lead, etholakala ikakhulukazi epenini nasemiphakeni emizini emidala • Ukusetshenziswa kwamadrugs umama, ukusetshenziswa kotywala noma ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa • Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi Nakuba ushukela ungumangalelwa odumile ekubangeleni ukusebenza ngokweqile, asikho ubufakazi othembekile balokhu. Izinkinga eziningi ebuntwaneni zingabangela ubunzima ekuqondeni, kodwa lokho akuyona i-ADHD.

I-ADHD ingenza impilo yabantwana ibe nzima. Abantwana abane-ADHD: Bavame ukulwa ekilasini, okungabangela ukwehluleka kwezemfundo kanye nokwahlulelwa abanye abantwana nabantu abadala Bavame ukuba nezingozi nokulimala kakhulu kunabantwana abangenayo i-ADHD Bavame ukuba nokuzithemba okuphansi Banesihle kakhulu sokunakwa abalingani nabantu abadala Basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa nezinye izenzo zobugebengu I-ADHD ayibangeli ezinye izinkinga zengqondo noma zokukhula. Noma kunjalo, abantwana abane-ADHD banesihle kakhulu kunabanye ukuba neemeko ezinjengalezi: Ukuphikisa okuphambene nokuhlubuka (ODD), okuchazwa ngokuvamile njengendlela yokuziphatha okubi, okuphikisayo nokuthukuthele kubantu abaphethe igunya Ukuziphatha okubi, okuqanjwe ngokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni njengokweba, ukulwa, ukubhubhisa impahla, nokulimaza abantu noma izilwane Ukuhlupheka kwengqondo okuphazamisayo, okuqanjwe ngokuthukuthela nokungabekezeleli ukukhathazeka Ukuhluleka ekufundeni, kufaka phakathi izinkinga zokufunda, ukubhala, ukuqonda nokuxhumana Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa, utshwala nokubhema Ukuhlupheka kokukhathazeka, okungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokuhlazeka, futhi kuhlanganisa isifo sokuqina (OCD) Ukuhlupheka kwengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka okukhulu, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokuziphatha okuhle Isifo sokuqina, isimo esihlangene nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo esithinta indlela umuntu aqonda ngayo futhi axhumane nabanye Isifo sokuqina noma i-Tourette syndrome, izifo ezihilela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo noma imisindo engathandeki (ama-tics) angalawuleki kalula