Ukuthini Amabala Okuguga? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Amabala okuguga yiindawo ezilinganayo, ezimnyama noma ezimnyama ezivele kuhlangothi lwakho njengoba ukhula. Awonawo ubuhlungu futhi avele lapho isikhumba sakho siqala ukukhiqiza i-pigment engaphezulu ngemva kweminyaka yokubekwa elangeni.

Lezi zindawo zibizwa nangokuthi amabala e-liver noma i-solar lentigines, nakuba zingena lutho nge-liver yakho. Ziyindlela nje yesikhumba sakho yokubonisa imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yelanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengendlela amakhasi encwadi oyithandayo aqala ukukhanya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuthini amabala okuguga?

Amabala okuguga yizindawo lapho isikhumba sakho siqale ukukhiqiza i-melanin engaphezulu, i-pigment enikeza isikhumba sakho umbala waso. Avele njengezindawo ezilinganayo, ezinqamuzana ezivame ukuba mnyama, mnyama, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Lezi zindawo zivame ukubonakala ezindaweni zomzimba wakho ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi eminyakeni eminingi. Ubuso bakho, izandla, amahlombe, izandla, nezinhlangothi zezinyawo zakho yizindawo ezivame kakhulu.

Usayizi ungase uhluke kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya ku-intshi ngaphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi zihlangana ndawonye, okwenza indawo emnyama ibonakale inkulu kunamabala ahlukene.

Ziyini izimpawu zamabala okuguga?

Amabala okuguga anamakhono ahlukile kakhulu okwenza kube lula ukuwabona. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izindawo ezilinganayo ezimnyama kunokukhanya kwesikhumba sakho.

Nawa amafomu ajwayelekile ozowabona:

• Izindawo ezilinganayo, ezinqamuzana noma ezizungezile esi khumbeni sakho
• Ukumnyama, okumnyama, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Azilimazi futhi azikhohlisi noma azizwa buhlungu
• Ubukhulu obukhulu kusuka ebukhulu be-freckle kuya cishe kuhafu ye-intshi
• Zivame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezibekwe elangeni njengezandla, ubuso, namahlombe

Ngokungafani nama-moles, amabala okuguga awaphakami phezu kobuso besikhumba sakho. Awashintshi nobukhulu noma abangeli lutho olulimazayo, okusiza ekuwahlukaniseni kwezinye izimo zesikhumba.

Yini ebangela amabala okuguga?

Amabala okuguga avele lapho isikhumba sakho siqala ukukhiqiza i-melanin engaphezulu njengomphumela wokubekwa elangeni okuphindaphindwayo eminyakeni eminingi. Cabanga nge-melanin njengesivikelo sakho semvelo yesikhumba esiqala ukuhlangana ezindaweni ezithile.

Imbangela ephambili yi-ultraviolet (UV) radiation evela elangeni noma ezikhwameni zokubasa. Uma ama-UV rays ebetha isikhumba sakho, aqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin njengomphumela ovikela.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le melanin ingase ihlangane ezindaweni ezithile kunokuba isabalale ngokulinganayo kulo lonke isikhumba sakho. Inqubo ihamba kancane futhi ivame ukubonakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, nakuba umonakalo uqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekuphileni.

I-genetics idlala indima ekutheni ukhona kangakanani ekuthuthukiseni amabala okuguga. Uma abazali bakho noma ogogo bakho babe nawo, cishe nawe uzowathola.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela ngamabala okuguga?

Amabala amaningi okuguga awonawo ubuhlungu futhi awadingi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba nazo zonke izindawo ezintsha noma ezishintshayo zibukelwe yisisebenzi sezokwelapha.

Kufanele uhlele i-aphoyintimenti uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu kushintsha:

• Indawo eba khulu, eba nzima, noma ephakamile
• Ukushintsha kombala, ikakhulukazi uma ibe mnyama kakhulu noma ithuthukisa imibala eminingi
• Imikhawulo engajwayelekile noma ehlukaniswe ngezicucu ezizungezile indawo
• Ukuphuza igazi, ukukhohlisa, noma ubuhlungu endaweni
• Noma iyiphi indawo ebonakala ehlukile kunamanye amabala akho okuguga

Lezi zinguquko zingase zibonise okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu kunendawo elula yokuguga. I-dermatologist ingahlola indawo futhi ibone ukuthi ngabe kukhona okufanele kuhlolwe ukuze uthole ukuzola kwakho.

Ziyini izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zamabala okuguga?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa amabala okuguga phakathi nokuphila kwakho. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka engaphezulu kwama-40, lapho umonakalo oluqhubekayo yelanga uba ubonakala kakhulu
• Isikumba esimhlophe esishisa kalula futhi esingabasi kahle
• Umlando wokubekwa elangeni njalo noma ukushisa kwelanga
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezikhwameni zokubasa noma izibani zelanga
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezishisayo noma eziphakeme
• Umlando womndeni wamabala okuguga noma i-freckling
• Imithi ethile eyandisa ukusabela kwelanga

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bangathuthukisa amabala okuguga, nakuba kungavamile. I-melanin evikela esi khumbeni esimnyama inikeza isivikelo semvelo ekulimala kwe-UV.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona ngamabala okuguga?

Amabala okuguga ngokwawo awabangeli lutho olulimazayo ngoba alinawo ubuhlungu. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ukwahlukanisa kuzo ezinye izimo zesikhumba ezingase zibe yingozi.

Ngezinye izikhathi amabala okuguga angadideka ne-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kungakho kubalulekile ukulandelela noma yikuphi ukushintsha ezindaweni zakho futhi uzihlolwe yisisebenzi sezokwelapha.

Umphumela oqondakalayo ungase ube mkhulu kubantu abathile. Amabala okuguga ezindaweni ezibonakalayo njengezandla nobuso angase abangele ukungakhululeki noma ukukhathazeka ngokubonakala kokuguga.

Ngokungavamile, amaqembu amakhulu amabala okuguga angase enze kube nzima ukubona ama-moles amasha noma ashintshayo eduze. Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwesikhumba kuba kubaluleke kakhulu uma unebala lokuguga elihle.

Ungawivimba kanjani amabala okuguga?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela amabala okuguga iwukuvikela isikhumba sakho e-UV radiation kusukela ekuqaleni ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengoba umonakalo uhlangana eminyakeni eminingi, imizamo yokuvikela ikhokhela isikhathi eside.

Nawa amasu okuvikela asebenzayo:

• Faka i-sunscreen ebanzi-spectrum ene-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke
• Gqoka izingubo ezivikela, iziqalo eziyigqamuzana, nezibuko zelanga
• Funani isithunzi ngezikhathi eziphezulu zelanga (10 AM kuya ku-4 PM)
• Gwema ngokuphelele izikhwameni zokubasa nezibani zelanga
• Buyisela i-sunscreen njalo ngemizuzu emibili noma ngemva kokubhukuda
• Sebenzisa isivikelo esengeziwe ezindaweni eziphakeme noma eduze kwamafutha ahlanganisiwe

Ngisho noma usuvele unebala lokuguga, lezi zinyathelo zingavimbela ezintsha ekuqaleni. Isikumba sakho sihlala sisengozini yomonakalo we-UV phakathi nokuphila kwakho konke.

Amabala okuguga ahlonishwa kanjani?

Abanakekeli bezempilo ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukubona amabala okuguga ngokuhlola okulula ngamehlo esikhumba sakho. Inqubo ilula futhi ayilimazi.

Udokotela wakho uzobheka amabala ngokukhanya okuhle futhi angase asebenzise idivayisi yokukhulisa ebizwa nge-dermatoscope. Leli thuluzi libasiza ukuba babone imininingwane engabonakali emehlweni.

Bazohlola usayizi, isisindo, umbala, nobukhulu bendawo ngayinye. Amabala okuguga anamakhono ahambisanayo okwenza kube lula ukuwabona ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kahle.

Uma kungenakucaca ukuthi indawo iyindawo yokuguga, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba wenze i-biopsy yesikhumba. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isampula encane yendawo ukuze uhlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Ukuphathwa kwamabala okuguga yikuphi?

Amabala okuguga awadingi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngoba alinawo ubuhlungu. Noma kunjalo, kunezinketho eziningi ezikhona uma ufuna ukuwalula noma ukuwasusa ngezizathu zokuhlobisa.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwezobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa:

• I-laser therapy ukuze uqhekeze amaqembu e-pigment
• I-chemical peels ukususa izigaba zesikhumba ezilimele
• I-Cryotherapy (ukubanda) ukubhubhisa amaseli e-pigment angaphezulu
• I-Intense pulsed light (IPL) ukuqondisa ukumnyama kwe-pigmentation
• I-Microdermabrasion ukususa kancane isikhumba sobuso

Imithi yokukhanyisa ebhaliwe ene-hydroquinone noma i-tretinoin ingase ihlanze amabala okuguga ngezinyanga eziningi. Lokhu kusebenza kancane kodwa akunakwenzeka njengezinye izinqubo.

Imikhiqizo engaphezu kokuthengiswa enezingxenye ezinjenge-kojic acid noma i-vitamin C ingase inikeze imiphumela yokukhanyisa ephansi, nakuba imiphumela ivame ukuba incane kunokwelashwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ungawaphatha kanjani amabala okuguga ekhaya?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele amabala okuguga ekhaya, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ezintsha futhi mhlawumbe ukhanyise kancane amabala akhona.

Ukuvikelwa kwelanga nsuku zonke kuhlala kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokunakekela ekhaya. Lokhu kuvimbela amabala akhona ukuba angabi mnyama futhi kuvimbela amanye ukuba angaqali.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukuxubha okuthambile kuwusizo, njengoba kususa amaseli esikhumba afile futhi kungase kwenze amabala abonakale angakhulu. Sebenzisa izikhwephu ezithambile noma izindwangu zokuxubha izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto.

Ukuthambisa njalo kugcina isikhumba sakho siphilile futhi kungase kwenze amabala okuguga angabonakali. Bheka izithambisi ezinezinto ezinjenge-niacinamide noma i-vitamin C, okutholakala ezinye izifundo ezinokukhanyisa okuphansi.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, thatha isikhathi sokuhlola isikhumba sakho ngokucophelela futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izindawo ezikukhathazayo. Lokhu kulungiselela kukusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngovakatshi wakho.

Yenza uhlu lanoma yiziphi izindawo ezishintshile ngobukhulu, umbala, noma ubukhulu muva nje. Thatha izithombe uma kungenzeka, njengoba lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba alandelele izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wokubekwa elangeni, kuhlanganise nokushisa kwelanga kwabantwana, isikhathi esichithwe ngaphandle, nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwameni zokubasa. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlole izimbangela zakho ezingase zibe khona.

Letha uhlu lwemithi oyithathayo, njengoba ezinye zingase zikhulise ukusabela kwelanga. Khipha futhi noma yimuphi umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba noma amabala esikhumba angavamile.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngamabala okuguga?

Amabala okuguga ingxenye evamile, engenangozi yokuguga ebonisa umlando wesikhumba sakho ngokubekwa elangeni. Nakuba angavimbeki ngokuphelele uma usuvele ubekeke elangeni, awabangeli lutho olulimazayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu iwukwahlukanisa amabala okuguga kwezinye izimo zesikhumba ezingase zibe yingozi. Uma ungaqiniseki, yenza noma yiziphi izindawo ezintsha noma ezishintshayo zibukelwe yisisebenzi sezokwelapha.

Uma amabala okuguga ekukhathaza ngokuhlobisa, kunezinketho zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezikhona. Noma kunjalo, indlela engcono kakhulu iwukuvimbela amabala amasha ngokuvikelwa kwelanga okuqhubekayo phakathi nokuphila kwakho konke.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngamabala okuguga

Ingabe amabala okuguga aguquka abe yimdlavuza?

Amabala okuguga ngokwawo awaguquki abe yimdlavuza. Alinawo ubuhlungu futhi ahlala engenangozi phakathi nokuphila kwakho konke. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuwalandelela ukuze ubone izinguquko futhi ubone udokotela uma kukhona izindawo ezimangalisayo, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zezimo zesikhumba ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziphuthelwe amabala okuguga.

Ingabe amabala okuguga angabonakala kubantu abasebasha?

Nakuba amabala okuguga avame ukubonakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, angase abonakale kubantu abasebasha abaye baba nokuvezwa okukhulu elangeni noma ukushisa kwelanga okuphindaphindwayo. Abantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe noma labo abachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle bangase babone amabala eminyakeni yabo engama-20 noma engama-30, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ingabe amabala okuguga azonyamalala yodwa?

Amabala okuguga awanyamalali ngokuphelele yodwa, nakuba angase abonakale encane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma uvikele isikhumba sakho ekulimala kwelanga. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amabala amaningi okuguga ahlala njengengxenye yesikhumba sakho.

Ingabe imikhiqizo ebizayo ilungile kunezinketho zesitolo ngamabala okuguga?

Intengo ayibonisi ukusebenza uma kuziwa ekukhanyiseni imikhiqizo. Ezinye izimpahla ezingaphezu kokuthengiswa ezinezinto ezifakwe njenge-vitamin C noma i-kojic acid zingase zibe nempumelelo efanayo njengezinye eziyigugu. Okubalulekile ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo nokulindelwe okuqondile ngemiphumela ehamba kancane.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubona imiphumela yokwelashwa kwamabala okuguga?

Imiphumela ihluka kuye ngendlela yokwelashwa. Izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezinjenge-laser therapy zingase zibonise ukuthuthuka phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yokugcoba ivame ukudinga izinyanga eziyi-2-6 zokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo. Ezinye izinqubo zingase zidinga izikhathi eziningi ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, futhi ukulinda kubalulekile kulo lonke inqubo.