Ukuqina Kwezindlebe Ezinqenqemeni Zendiza: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza yilowo mzwelo ongahambi kahle wokucindezela, ubuhlungu, noma "ukuvimba" okuhlangenwe nakho ezindlebeni zakho ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza. Kwenzeka lapho ukucindezela komoya ngaphakathi kwesindlebe sakho kungalingani nokucindezela komoya okuhlala kushintsha ngaphakathi kwendlu yendiza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuhla.

Lesi simo sihlupha cishe wonke umuntu ohamba ngendiza, kusukela kubagibeli abavamile bezobizinesi kuya kubagibeli abaya eholidini. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kukukhathaza lapho kwenzeka, ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana futhi akubi nakabi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu uma kunzima.

Kuyini ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-barotrauma ngokwelapha, kwenzeka lapho izindlebe zakho zingakwazi ukulinganisa ukucindezela kahle ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza. Isendlalelo sakho sangaphakathi (indawo ngemuva kwe-eardrum yakho) sidinga ukugcina ukucindezela okufanayo njengendawo ezikuyo ukuze isebenze kahle.

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza, ukucindezela kwendlu yendiza kushintsha ngokushesha njengoba indiza ikhuphuka noma iyehla. Izindlebe zakho zinethayipu elincane elibizwa nge-Eustachian tube ehlanganisa isendlalelo sakho sangaphakathi nomlomo wakho futhi lisize ukulinganisa ukucindezela. Lapho le thayipu ivaliwe noma ingasebenzi ngokushesha ngokwanele, ukucindezela kuyakwakha futhi kubangele lowo mzwelo ovamile wokuthi "izindlebe ziqhuma".

Cabanga ngakho njengokuzama ukuvula i-container evaliwe nge-vacuum. Umehluko wokucindezela udala ukhuseleko, futhi isindlebe sakho sizizwa "sibanjwe" kwaze kwaba yilapho ukucindezela kungalingana futhi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Izimpawu zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza zingase zibe zingekho kabi kakhulu kuya kokungakhululeki kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi ukungalingani kokucindezela kunzima kangakanani. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuhla lapho ukushintsha kokucindezela kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzizwa kokuqina noma ukucindezela endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili
• Ukuzwa okungathandeki noma ukuzizwa sengathi imisindo ikude
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukungakhululeki endlebeni
• Ukukhathazeka okuncane noma ukuzizwa ungalingani
• Imizwa yokuthi kukhona okuqhuma noma okuqhekeka ezindlebeni zakho
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okwesikhashana okuza nokubuyela

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ungase uhlangabezane nobuhlungu obukhulu endlebeni, ukulahleka kokuzwa okukhulu, ukuzwakala ezindlebeni (tinnitus), noma ngisho nokuphefumula ngenxa yokungalingani kokucindezela. Lezi zimpawu ezinamandla azivamile kodwa zingase zenzeke uma ama-Eustachian tubes akho aviliwe kakhulu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimpawu eziningi zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ziyaphela zodwa phakathi kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika, njengoba izindlebe zakho zibuye zilungise ukucindezela komoya okuvamile.

Yini ebangela ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha okusheshayo kokucindezela komoya okuthi izindlebe zakho zingakwazi ukulandela. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza, ukucindezela kwendlu yendiza kuncipha njengoba ukhuphuka phezulu, bese kukhuphuka futhi njengoba uya ekuhleni ukuze uhlale phansi.

Ama-Eustachian tubes akho avame ukuvula nokucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze alinganise ukucindezela, kodwa izinto eziningi zingaphazamisa le nqubo:

• Ukuvimba okuvela emakhazeni, uketshezi, noma ukutheleleka kwe-sinus okuvimba ama-Eustachian tubes akho
• Ukuvuvukala emizileni yakho yempumulo noma emlonyeni
• Ama-Eustachian tubes amancane noma amangqamuzana (avame kakhulu kubantwana)
• Ukulala ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukuhla lapho ungazami ukugwinya noma ukuvuthuza
• Ukuba nokutheleleka kwesendlalelo sangaphakathi noma ukwakheka koketshezi

Ukushintsha kokucindezela okusheshayo, kuba khona amathuba okuhlangabezana nokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza. Kungakho izimpawu zivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala okusheshayo noma ukuhla, kunokuba ngesikhathi sokuhamba okuzinzile kwendlela yakho yokuhamba ngendiza.

Abanye abantu bavame kakhulu ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ngenxa yomzimba wabo noma izimo zempilo ezithinta izindlebe, impumulo, noma umlomo.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela ngokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Izimo eziningi zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ziyaphela zodwa futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi ngemuva kokufika.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu endlebeni obungaphuli phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa
• Ukuphuma noma ukuphuma kwegazi endlebeni yakho
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengoba ubushushu bomzimba noma ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo noma izinkinga zokulinganisela
• Ukuzwakala ezindlebeni okungapheli

Uma unomlando wezinkinga zezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwesindlebe okuvamile, noma ukuqina okukhulu kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngamathuba okuvimbela nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe ngendiza.

Ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu endlebeni noma ukulahleka kokuzwa okuphelele ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuhamba ngendiza, njengoba lokhu kungase kubonise ukulimala okukhulu kwe-eardrum yakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikubangele ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Nakuba noma ubani angase ahlangabezane nokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza, izinto ezithile zenza kube lula ukuthola izimpawu. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikubangele ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngaphambi kokuhamba ngendiza.

Ukhona engozini enkulu uma una:

• Ukhazi, ukutheleleka kwe-sinus, noma uketshezi okubangela ukuvimba kwempumulo
• Ama-Eustachian tubes amancane (abantwana bavame kakhulu kulokhu)
• Ukutheleleka kwesindlebe okuqhubekayo noma uketshezi esendlalelweni sakho sangaphakathi
• I-septum ehlukanisiwe noma ezinye izinkinga zempumulo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesindlebe noma ukulimala kwakamuva
• I-sleep apnea noma ezinye izimo ezihlasela izindlela zakho zokuphefumula

Isimo esithile ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza singase sikhulise ingozi yakho, njengokulala ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukuhla lapho ungazami ukusiza izindlebe zakho ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngokugwinya noma ukuvuthuza.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantwana abancinyane kakhulu nabantu abadala bavame ukuhlangabezana nokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuhlukahlukana emisebenzini yama-Eustachian tube kanye nomzimba.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Nakuba ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukuba yinto engenakubi futhi okwesikhashana, izimo ezinzima ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziholele ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Lezi zinkinga azivamile kodwa kubalulekile ukuziqonda, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ngendiza njalo noma unezinkinga ezivamile zezindlebe.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• I-eardrum ephukile ngenxa yokuhlukahlukana kokucindezela okukhulu
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okungapheli ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezela kwesindlebe obuqhubekayo obuhlala isikhathi eside ngemuva kokufika
• Ukutheleleka kwesendlalelo sangaphakathi okuvela eketshezi elibanjwe noma amabhaktheriya
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela noma ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo
• I-tinnitus eqhubekayo (ukuzwakala ezindlebeni)

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-barotrauma enzima ingase ilimale amathambo amancane esendlalelweni sakho sangaphakathi noma idale i-hole e-eardrum yakho engapholi kahle yodwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezinkulu azivamile futhi zivame ukwenzeka kuphela ngokushintsha kokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu noma kubantu abanezinkinga zezindlebe ezisele. Izimo eziningi zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ziyaphela ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imiphumela ehlala njalo.

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ungathatha izinyathelo ezilula ezimbalwa ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza. Okubalulekile ukusisiza ama-Eustachian tubes akho ukuba ahlale evuliwe futhi asebenze kahle ngesikhathi kokushintsha kokucindezela.

Ngaphambi kokuhamba ngendiza, cabanga ngalezi zindlela zokuvimbela:

• Phatha noma yikuphi ukhazi, uketshezi, noma ukutheleleka kwe-sinus ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakho ngendiza
• Sebenzisa i-decongestant nasal spray imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuqala (landela imiyalo yephakheji)
• Hlala unomoya ngokunisela amanzi amaningi
• Gwema utshwala nekhafeyin, okuthanda ukwenza ukuphelelwa amanzi kube sibi
• Cabanga ukulibambezela uhambo lwakho ngendiza uma une-congestion enzima noma ukutheleleka kwesindlebe

Ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuhla, siza izindlebe zakho ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngokugwinya, ukuvuthuza, noma ukukoma i-gum. Ungase futhi uzame i-"Valsalva maneuver" - phezula umoya ngempumulo yakho ngobumnene ngenkathi ucindezela imifantu yakho ivaliwe futhi ugcine umlomo wakho uvaliwe.

Hlala uphapheme ngalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zokuhamba ngendiza ukuze ukwazi ukusiza izindlebe zakho ukulungisa. Uma uhamba nabantwana abancinyane, bakhuthaze ukuba baphuze noma badonsele i-pacifier ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuhla.

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukunqunywa ngokususelwa ezimpawu zakho nasesikhathini sakamuva sokuhamba kwakho. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngesipiliyoni sakho sokuhamba ngendiza futhi ahlole izindlebe zakho ukuze ahlole izimpawu zokulimala kokucindezela noma ukutheleleka.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosebenzisa i-otoscope (ithuluzi elincane elikhanyayo) ukubuka ngaphakathi kwezindlebe zakho. Bazohlola ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala, uketshezi, noma noma yikuphi ukulimala kwe-eardrum yakho okungase kube khona ngenxa yokushintsha kokucindezela.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okulula ukuze abone ukuthi ukungalingani kokucindezela kuye kwahlupha yini ikhono lakho lokuzwa imisindo ehlukene. Bangase bakucela ukuthi uchaze ngokuqondile ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziqalile nini nokuthi ziye zaphulile noma zaba zimbi kangakanani kusukela ekuhlaleni.

Ezimeni eziningi, azikho izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza. Noma kunjalo, uma izimpawu zakho zinzima noma ziqhubeka, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okwengeziwe noma akuqondise ochwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomlomo ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe.

Iyini impilo yokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Ukwelapha ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kugxila ekuqedeni ukucindezela nobuhlungu ngenkathi kusiza izindlebe zakho ukuba zibuyele emsebenzini ovamile. Izimo eziningi ziyaphulile zodwa, kodwa izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zingasheshisa ukubuyela esimweni esivamile futhi zinikeze induduzo.

Izindlela zokuqala zokwelapha ongazama ukuziqala zihlanganisa:

• Izinhlungu zokunciphisa ubuhlungu ezithengiswa ngaphandle njenge-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ukuze kunciphise ubuhlungu
• I-decongestant nasal sprays ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala (sebenzisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu)
• Izindlela zokuvuthuza izindlebe ngobumnene njengokuvuthuza, ukugwinya, noma i-Valsalva maneuver
• Ukubekwa kwe-compress efudumele endlebeni ethintekile
• Ukugcina unomoya ukuze unciphise uketshezi

Uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi, udokotela wakho angase akubhale imithi enamandla njenge-prescription nasal decongestants, antihistamines yoketshezi, noma ama-antibiotics uma kukhona ubufakazi bokutholakala kokutheleleka.

Ezimweni ezinzima ngokuhlupheka kokuzwa okukhulu noma ukulimala kwe-eardrum, udokotela wakho angase akuqondise ochwepheshe we-ENT ongenza izinqubo zokulinganisa ukucindezela noma ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukulimala kwemizimba yakho yesindlebe.

Indlela yokwelapha ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ekhaya ezinobumnene zingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza nokusekela ukubuyela kwakho esimweni esivamile. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kangcono uma ziqalwa ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela izimpawu.

Zama lezi zindlela zokwelapha ekhaya eziphephile:

• Ukuzivocavoca kwezindlebe ngobumnene njengokuvuthuza, ukugwinya, noma ukukoma ukuze kukhuthazwe ama-Eustachian tubes akho ukuvula
• I-compress efudumele ebekwe ngaphandle kwesindlebe sakho imizuzu engama-10-15 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku
• Ukuphuza umusi ovela eshawa elifudumele noma ibhodwe lamanzi afudumele ukunciphisa ukuvimba
• Ukugcina umzimba uqonde kunokuba ulele, okuyosiza ekukhipeni
• Ukugwema ukuphefumula impumulo ngamandla, okuthanda ukwenza ukungalingani kokucindezela kube sibi

Gcina izindlela zakho zempumulo zimanzi nge-saline nasal rinse noma i-spray, okuyosiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala nokusekela ukukhipha okwemvelo. Ukunisela amanzi amaningi kusiza futhi ukunciphisa uketshezi nokusekela inqubo yokwelapha yemvelo yomzimba wakho.

Bekezela ngokubuyela kwakho esimweni esivamile, njengoba kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze izindlebe zakho zibuyele esimweni esivamile ngokuphelele. Gwema ukufaka noma yini ezindlebeni zakho, kufaka phakathi ama-cotton swabs, okuthanda ukubangela ukulimala noma ukususa i-wax ejulile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho nodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo kwezimpawu zakho zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kuzosisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho futhi akukhuthaze ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala phansi:

• Lapho uhambo lwakho ngendiza lwenzeka futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani izimpawu zakho ziye zahlala
• Zonke izimpawu ozibhekana nazo, kufaka phakathi amazinga obuhlungu nokushintsha kokuzwa
• Noma iyiphi imithi noma izindlela zokwelapha osevele uzame
• Ukuthi ube nokukhathazeka, uketshezi, noma izinkinga zezindlebe ngaphambi kokuhamba ngendiza
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuvimbela uhambo oluzayo ngendiza

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi ngalokhu ukuze agweme ukusebenzisana nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha angase azikhuthaze.

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini ebangelwe ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza, isikhathi eside kangakanani ukubuyela esimweni esivamile kuvame ukuthetha, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuyivimbela esikhathini esizayo. Ukuqonda isimo sakho kuzokusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yesindlebe lakho nezinqubo zokuhamba kwakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza?

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuyisimo esivamile futhi esivame ukuba okwesikhashana esithinta abagibeli abaningi bendiza ngesinye isikhathi. Nakuba ukucindezela nokungakhululeki kungase kube ukukhathazeka lapho kwenzeka, ukuqonda ukuthi kuvame ukuba yinto engenakubi kungase kunikeze ukuqiniseka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukuphulukana ngokwalo phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Izindlela ezilula zokuvimbela njengokugcina unomoya, ukwelapha ukuvimba ngaphambi kokuhamba ngendiza, nokukusiza izindlebe zakho ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuhla kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubekayo, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikukhathazayo ezingaphuli phakathi kosuku noma amabili, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngokuqonda okuhle nokulungiselela, unganciphisa izimpawu zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza futhi uhambe ngokunethezeka.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza

Q1. Isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukuphela?

Izimo eziningi zokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ziyaphela phakathi kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kokufika. Izindlebe zakho zibuye zilungise ukucindezela komoya okuvamile ngalesi sikhathi. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki noma zibe zimbi kunokuba ziphule, sekufanele ubone umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Q2. Ingabe ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kungabangela ukulimala kokuzwa okungapheli?

Ukulimala kokuzwa okungapheli okuvela ekuqineni kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Nakuba izimo ezinzima ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibangele izinkinga ezihlala njalo, iningi labantu liyaphulile ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela engapheli. Noma kunjalo, uma uhlangabezana nokulahleka kokuzwa okukhulu noma ubuhlungu obukhulu, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Q3. Ingabe kuphephile ukuhamba ngendiza unekhazi noma ukutheleleka kwesindlebe?

Ukuhamba ngendiza une-congestion kukhuphula ingozi yokuqina okukhulu kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza nezinkinga. Uma kungenzeka, libambezela uhambo lwakho ngendiza kwaze kwaba yilapho ukhazi noma ukutheleleka kwakho kuphela. Uma kumelwe uhambe ngendiza, xhumana nodokotela wakho kuqala futhi ucabange ukusebenzisa i-decongestants ngaphambi kokuqala ukuze usize ukugcina ama-Eustachian tubes akho evuliwe.

Q4. Kungani kubonakala sengathi abantwana bathola ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza ngokuvamile kunabantu abadala?

Abantwana bane-Eustachian tubes encane, eyi-horizontal engakhiphi kahle njengoba kwenza ama-tubes abantu abadala. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngokwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantwana bangase bangazi ukuthi bangasiza kanjani izindlebe zabo "ziqhuphuke" ngokugwinya noma ukuvuthuza ngesikhathi kokushintsha kokucindezela.

Q5. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza nokutheleleka kwesindlebe okuvamile?

Ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kubangelwa ukungalingani kokucindezela futhi kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhamba ngendiza. Ukutheleleka kwesindlebe kuhilela amabhaktheriya noma ama-viruses futhi kuvame ukufaka ubushushu bomzimba, ukuphuma, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ukuqina kwezindlebe ezinqenqemeni zendiza kuvame ukuphulukana ngokwalo, ukutheleleka kwesindlebe kuvame ukudinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngama-antibiotics.