Ukuqala Kwe-Hepatitis Yoketshezwa Utywala? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Iyini i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala iwukuvuvukala kwesibindi obubangelwa ukusela utywala kakhulu isikhathi eside. Isibindi sakho siyabuvuvukala futhi sonakale njengoba silwela ukucubungula utywala oluwuselayo.

Cabanga ngesibindi sakho njengesihlungi esiyinhloko somzimba wakho nendawo yokucubungula. Uma usela kakhulu izinyanga noma iminyaka, leli lungu elikhulu lomzimba liyadlula futhi libuvuvukala. Isimo singaba ukukhathazeka okuncane kuya ekubeni yingozi enkulu, ukubhujiswa kwesibindi okubulalayo.

Lokhu akuyona i-hepatitis ye-viral ongayithola komunye umuntu. I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ithuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa utywala futhi imele indlela yesibindi sakho yokubonisa ukuthi sidinga usizo nokuphumula ekuseleni utywala.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Izimpawu ze-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala zingase ziqale kancane kancane noma zivele ngokuzumayo. Umzimba wakho uzovame ukukunikeza izibonakaliso ezicacile zokuthi isibindi sakho siyalwela.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazibona zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhanya kwesikhumba namehlo (jaundice)
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka ngasezindlini zakho eziphezulu ngakwesokudla
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka kakhulu
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukukhula kwezinyawo namalengene
• Ukuqunjelwa nokuthandaza

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ungase ube nokudideka, ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile, noma ukwakheka kwamanzi esiswini sakho. Lezi zimpawu zisho ukuthi umsebenzi wesibindi sakho ucindezelekile kakhulu futhi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala enobunzima obuncane bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo ekuqaleni. Isibindi sakho singase sibuvuvukale futhi sisebenze kabi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezicacile, kungakho ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile uma usela njalo.

Yini ebangela i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ithuthukiswa lapho isibindi sakho singakwazi ukugcina ukucubungula utywala oluwuselayo. Ukusela utywala okukhulu, okubuthathaka isikhathi eside kuqeda ikhono lesibindi sakho lokucubungula utywala ngokuphepha.

Uma usela utywala, isibindi sakho sisebenza kanzima ukuliguqula zibe izinto ezingonakalisi kakhulu. Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, izinto eziyingozi ziyakhiwa ezingalimaza amaseli esibindi. Ngokuphuza okukhulu isikhathi eside, lezi zinto eziyingozi ziyakha ngokushesha kunokuba isibindi sakho singazilawula.

Izici ezithile ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala zihlanganisa:

• Ukusela utywala okuningi njalo iminyaka eminingi
• Ukusela utywala okuningi okucindezela isibindi sakho
• Ukondleka okubi okubuqeda amandla esibindi sakho okulungisa
• Ukuba nezinye izimo zesibindi kanye nokusela utywala
• Izici ze-genetic ezithinta indlela umzimba wakho ocubungula ngayo utywala

Akuwona wonke umuntu ophuzayo kakhulu ozoba ne-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala. I-genetics yakho, impilo yakho jikelele, ukudla, kanye nezindlela zakho zokusela konke kuchaphazela ingozi yakho. Noma kunjalo, uma uphuza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, amathuba akho ayanda.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela nge-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona ukukhanya kwesikhumba noma amehlo, ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, noma ukuphefumula nokugabha okuqhubekayo. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi isibindi sakho sidinga ukuhlolwa nokukhathalelwa ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengokudideka, ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme, ukugabha igazi, noma ukukhula okukhulu kwesisu. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa izinkinga ezinzima zesibindi ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenabunzima, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuqondile ngezindlela zakho zokusela. Ukutholwa kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokwelashwa kungavimbela i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ekuthuthukiseni ukubhujiswa kwesibindi okukhulu.

Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi noma ube nethemba lokuthi ziyophela zodwa. Isibindi sakho sinamandla okuphulukisa amangalisayo uma sinikwa ithuba, kodwa sidinga ukwesekwa kwezokwelapha ukuze siphulukise ngokuphepha.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ngaphezu nje kwesilinganiso osiphuzayo. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yakho.

Izici zengozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukusela utywala olukhulu kunama-3-4 ngosuku kwabesilisa, noma ama-2-3 kwabesifazane
• Ukuqhubeka nokusela kakhulu iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuba owesifazane (abesifazane bathuthukisa ukubhujiswa kwesibindi ngokushesha kunabesilisa)
• Ukuba nonyawo olukhulu noma ukuba nonyawo olukhulu kakhulu
• Ukondleka okubi nokungahlangabezani namavithamini
• Ukuba ne-hepatitis B noma C infections
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ecindezela isibindi
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sesibindi esihambisana notywala

Abesifazane babhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba imizimba yabo icubungula utywala ngokuhlukile kunomzimba wabesilisa. Bavame ukuthuthukisa ukubhujiswa kwesibindi ngezilinganiso ezincane zotywala nasezikhathini ezimfushane.

Ubudala buphinde bube nomthelela, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 benengozi enkulu. Noma kunjalo, abantu abasebancane abaphuzayo kakhulu abanawo umoya futhi bangathuthukisa i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala eminyakeni yabo yobudala noma emakhulu amathathu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinzima uma ingalashwa noma uma ukuphuza kuqhubeka. Isibindi sakho senza imisebenzi ebalulekile emakhulwini, ngakho-ke uma sonakele kakhulu, izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba zingase zithinteke.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhujiswa kwesibindi (cirrhosis) okulimaza ngokuphakade ithishu yesibindi
• I-portal hypertension ebangela ukuphuza igazi eliyingozi esiswini sakho
• Ukukhula kwamanzi esiswini sakho (ascites)
• Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto eziyingozi
• Ukusebenza kabi kwengqondo ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi isibindi sakho esingazicubunguli
• Ukungathuthuki kwezifo ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla omzimba
• Izinkinga zokugqwala kwegazi okuholela ekubhebheni noma ekuphuzweni kwegazi kalula

Ezimweni ezinzima, i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ingathuthukela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi okuphelele. Lesi simo esiyingozi esibulalayo singadinga ukufakelwa kwesibindi ukuze kuphile. Noma kunjalo, ama-transplant center amaningi adinga ukuba abantu bayeke ukuphuza ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubacabangela ukuze bafakelwe isibindi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuthola nokwelapha i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ngokushesha kungavimbela izinhlanganisela eziningi. Isibindi sakho sinamandla okuphulukisa amangalisayo uma sinikezwa ukunakekelwa okufanele nokukhululeka ekuseleni utywala.

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ingavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuvimbela i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ukusela utywala ngokulinganisela noma ukuyigwema ngokuphelele. Lokhu kunikeza isibindi sakho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlala liphilile futhi lisebenze kahle ekuphileni kwakho konke.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza, namathela emikhawulweni ecacisiwe: akukho okuningi kunesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane namaphuzu amabili ngosuku kwabesilisa. Qiniseka ukuthi unezinsuku eziningi ezingenaso utywala masonto onke ukuze unike isibindi sakho isikhathi sokuphumula nokubuyela emuva.

Amasu engeziwe okuvimbela ahlanganisa:

• Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo okugcwele amavithamini naminerali
• Ukuhlala unesimo somzimba esifanele ngokuzivocavoca njalo
• Ukugwema imithi engase icindezele isibindi lakho
• Ukuthola ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis A ne-B
• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqapha impilo yesibindi sakho
• Ukufuna usizo uma ulwela ukulawula ukuphuza kwakho

Uma usuvele uphuza kakhulu, ukunciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala kancane kancane ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuphephile kunokuyeka ngokuzumayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukwakha uhlelo oluvikela impilo yakho ngenkathi ugwema izimpawu ezingozi zokuyeka.

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi nokugwema ezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuxoxa ngomlando wakho wokusela nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Izivivinyo zegazi zidlalela indima ebalulekile ekuxilongeni. Lezi zivivinyo ziqapha ama-enzyme esibindi sakho, aqanduluka lapho isibindi sakho sibuvuvukala noma sonakele. Udokotela wakho uzophinde ahlole amazinga akho e-bilirubin, abangela ukukhanya okubonwa ku-jaundice.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwegazi okuphelele ukuhlola i-anemia nesifo
• Izivivinyo ze-hepatitis B ne-C ama-viruses
• I-ultrasound noma i-CT scan ukuze ubone isibindi sakho
• Ezimweni ezithile, i-liver biopsy ukuhlola amasampula ethishu
• Izivivinyo zokulinganisa ikhono lesibindi sakho lokwenza amaprotheni

Udokotela wakho uzophinde abale i-MELD score yakho, esiza ukubikezela ubunzima besimo sakho nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha. Leli skor licabanga ngemiphumela eminingi yezivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ukuqinisile ngezindlela zakho zokusela kubalulekile ekuxilongeni okuqondile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lidinga ulwazi oluphelele ukuze likunikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nelencane yokwelapha.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala kugxile ekuyekethiseni ukubhujiswa kwesibindi nokusiza isibindi sakho siphulukise. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusela utywala, okunikeza isibindi sakho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphulukisa.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha lungase luhlanganise imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ama-corticosteroids afana ne-prednisolone angasiza ukunciphisa ukukhula ezimweni ezinzima. Udokotela wakho angase aphinde alayishe imithi yokusiza ngezimpawu zokuyeka utywala.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuvame ukubandakanya:

• Ukusekelwa kokudla ngamavithamini nokudla okufanele
• Imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi
• Ukwelashwa kwezinhlanganisela ezifana nokukhula kwamanzi
• Ukuqapha nokusekwa ngesikhathi sokuyeka utywala
• Izivivinyo zegazi njalo ukuqapha ukubuyela emuva kwesibindi sakho
• Ukuqeqeshwa nokusekwa kokulutha utywala

Ezimweni ezinzima lapho umsebenzi wesibindi ucindezelekile kakhulu, ungase udinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze uqashwe ngokucophelela nokukhathalelwa. Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ethuthukile bangase babe abakhethiwe bokuthola ukufakelwa kwesibindi uma bahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile.

Ukubuyela emuva kuthatha isikhathi, kodwa abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu emsebenzini wesibindi sabo phakathi kwamasonto kuya ezinyangeni zokuyeka utywala nokulandela uhlelo lwabo lokwelapha. Amandla esibindi sakho okuphulukisa amangalisayo enza ukubuyela emuva kube nokwenzeka ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Indlela yokwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Ukukhathalelwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyeleni kwakho emuva e-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuyeka ngokuphelele utywala, okuvumela isibindi sakho siqale siphulukise ngokushesha.

Gxilisa ukudla ukudla okunempilo ukuze usekele ukubuyela emuva kwesibindi sakho. Faka izithelo eziningi, imifino, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, nama-grains aphelele ekudleni kwakho. Isibindi sakho sidinga ukondleka okufanele ukuze lakhe kabusha amaseli anonakale futhi libuyisele umsebenzi ojwayelekile.

Amasu okukhathalelwa ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Ukuthatha imithi elayishiwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuqondiswe
• Ukudla ukudla okujwayelekile, okulinganiselayo ngisho noma ukudla kwakho kungabi kuhle
• Ukuphumula ngokwanele ukuze usekele ukululama komzimba wakho
• Ukuhlala unamanzi ngamanzi nokugwema iziphuzo ezinokafini
• Ukuthatha amavithamini njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
• Ukugwema imithi engaphezulu kokuthengiswa engase icindezele isibindi sakho

Qapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona ukukhanya okukhulu, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukudideka, noma noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu. Gcina yonke imiqhudelwano yokulandelela ukuqapha intuthuko yakho.

Cabanga ngokujoyina amaqembu okusekela noma izinhlelo zokwelapha ukuze uhlale ungaphuzi. Ukuba nokusekelwa okuqinile kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekubuyeleni kwakho isikhathi eside nempilo yesibindi.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yodokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele okungenzeka. Woza ulungele ukuxoxa ngezindlela zakho zokusela ngokuqondile nangokuphelele, kufaka phakathi ukuthi uphuza kangakanani nokuthi uphuza kangakanani.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani isikhathi eside. Qaphela noma iyiphi imithi, izithasiselo, noma imithi yemifino oyithathayo, njengoba lezi zingase zithinte isibindi sakho.

Letha ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke nezithasiselo
• Imininingwane ngomlando wakho wokusela kanye nezindlela
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sesibindi noma izinkinga zotywala
• Noma yiziphi izivivinyo zesibindi zangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho
• Ulwazi loku-inshurensi kanye nokuhlonza

Cabanga ngokuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze usekele futhi ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile. Bangaphinde banikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezinguquko empilweni yakho noma ukuziphatha kwakho.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha, ukubikezela, kanye nezinqubo zokuphila okumele uzishintshe. Ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokuphelele kukusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho nokubuyela emuva.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala yisimo esinzima kodwa esingelashwa esithuthukiswa ngokusela utywala okukhulu isikhathi eside. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ukuthi isibindi sakho sinamandla okuphulukisa amangalisayo uma sinikezwa ithuba lokuphulukisa.

Ukuyeka ukusela utywala ngokuphelele yisisekelo sokwelashwa nokubuyela emuva. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukusekelwa kokudla, nokuyeka utywala, abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu emsebenzini wesibindi sabo nempilo jikelele.

Ukutholwa kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokwelashwa kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi ngaphambi kokufuna usizo. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingakunikeza ukusekelwa nokwelashwa okudingayo ukuze uphulukise futhi uvikele impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubuyela emuva kungenzeka, futhi awudingi ukubhekana nalokhu wedwa. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, izinguquko zokuphila, nokusekelwa, unganikeza isibindi sakho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphulukisa nokubuyisela imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala

Ingabuyekezeka yini i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Yebo, i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ingabuyekezeka kaningi, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zayo zokuqala. Uma uyeka ukusela utywala ngokuphelele futhi ulandela ukwelashwa okufanele, isibindi sakho singaphuka futhi sibuyisele umsebenzi waso ojwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, uma isimo siye sathuthukela ekubhujisweni okukhulu (cirrhosis), ukonakala okungase kube okuphakade, nakuba ukuyeka utywala kungase kuvimbele ukubhujiswa okuqhubekayo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyela emuva e-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Isikhathi sokubuyela emuva sihluka kuye ngobunzima besimo sakho nokuthi uyeka ukusela utywala ngokushesha kangakanani. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa bokuyeka utywala, ngezivivinyo zomsebenzi wesibindi ziyathuthuka izinyanga eziningi. Ukubuyela emuva okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kuminyaka noma isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngezivivinyo zegazi njalo ukuqapha ukululama kwesibindi sakho.

Ungaphinde uphuze utywala yini ngemuva kokubuyela emuva e-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Cha, akufanele uphuze utywala futhi ngemuva kokuba ne-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala. Ngisho nezingxenye ezincane zotywala zingase zibangele ukuvuvukala nokubhujiswa kwesibindi sakho esivele sisonakele. Noma yikuphi ukusela utywala kwesikhathi esizayo kukufaka engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa isimo futhi, mhlawumbe ngendlela enzima kakhulu engase ibe yingozi ebulalayo.

Ingafani yini i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ne-cirrhosis?

Cha, i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala ne-cirrhosis ziyizimo ezahlukene, nakuba zihambisana. I-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala iwukuvuvukala kwesibindi okungabuyekezeka ngokwelashwa okufanele. I-cirrhosis iwukubhujiswa okuphakade kwesibindi okuvamise ukuthuthukiswa ngemuva kweminyaka yokonakala kwesibindi okubuthathaka isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, i-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala engalashwanga ingathuthukela ku-cirrhosis isikhathi eside.

Kwenzekani uma uqhubeka uphuza nge-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala?

Ukuqhubeka nokusela nge-hepatitis yoketshezwa utywala kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungabangela ukubhujiswa okusheshayo komsebenzi wesibindi sakho. Ubhekene nezingozi ezinzima ezifaka ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi, ukuphuza igazi eliyingozi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, nokufa. Ukuvuvukala nokubhujiswa kuzoba zimbi ngokushesha, futhi amathuba akho okuphulukisa aba ancane kakhulu. Ukuyeka utywala ngokushesha kubalulekile ekuphileni kwakho nasekubuyeleni kwakho emuva.