I-Alpha-Gal Syndrome

I-Alpha-gal syndrome uhlobo lwe-allergy yokudla. Yenza abantu babe ne-allergy enyameni ebomvu nezinye izimpahla ezenziwe ezinamalini. E-United States, le simo sivame ukuqala ngokukhonjwa yi-Lone Star tick. Ukukhonjwa kudlulisela i-molecule eshisayo ebizwa nge-alpha-gal emzimbeni. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kuqalisa ukusabela ekuzivikeleni komzimba, okubizwa nangokuthi i-immune system. Kubangela ukusabela okungathandeki okuqondile enyameni ebomvu, njengobisi, inyama yenkunzi noma iwundlu. Kungabangela futhi ukusabela kwezinye izibiliboko ezivela ezinamalini, njengemikhiqizo yobisi noma i-gelatin. I-Lone Star tick itholakala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Iningi lamacala e-alpha-gal syndrome abikwa eningizimu, empumalanga nasempumalanga ye-United States. Kodwa-ke isimo libonakala lisakazeka ngokwengeziwe enyakatho nasentshonalanga. Izimpungushe zithwala i-Lone Star tick ezingxenyeni ezintsha zezwe. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-tick zithwala i-alpha-gal molecules ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe. I-Alpha-gal syndrome iye yaqondaniswa ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu, e-Australia, e-Asia, eNingizimu Afrika, naseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Amerika. Abanye abantu bangaba ne-alpha-gal syndrome futhi bangayazi. Kune abantu abavame ukuba nokusabela okukhulu kwe-allergic, okubizwa nangokuthi ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Izivivinyo zikhombisa futhi ukuthi abanayo ezinye i-allergies zokudla. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi abanye balaba bantu bangase bathinteke yi-alpha-gal syndrome. Ayikho imithi ngaphandle kokugwema inyama ebomvu nezinye izimpahla ezenziwe ezinamalini. Uma une-allergic reaction enkulu, ungadinga imithi ebizwa nge-epinephrine nokwelashwa ekamelweni ephuthumayo. Gwema ukukhonjwa yi-tick ukuvimbela i-alpha-gal syndrome. Gqoka ibhulukwe elide namahembe amade uma usesigodini, izindawo ezinezitshalo. Sebenzisa i-bug spray futhi. Hlola yonke imizimba yakho nge-tick ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle.

Amasimptomu omsabela wokuqina okungenakulinganiswa kwe-alpha-gal avame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqala uma kuqhathaniswa nalawa omsabela wokudla okunye. Iningi lemisabela ebangelwa yizinto ezikhona ekudleni — njengamantongomane noma i-shellfish, ngokwesibonelo — kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi ngemva kokuba ukhombiswe zona. E-alpha-gal syndrome, imisabela ivame ukuvela ngemva kwamahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6 ngemva kokuba ukhombiswe. Ukudla okungabangela umsabela kufaka phakathi: Inyama ebomvu, njengobhefu, inyama yenkukhu noma iwundlu. Amalunga omzimba. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe evela ezilwanyaneni ezincelisayo, njenge-gelatin noma imikhiqizo yobisi. Amasimptomu e-alpha-gal syndrome angafaka phakathi: Izilonda, ukukhahlela, noma isikhumba esikhahlelayo, esiqinile. Ukukhula kwamazinyo, ubuso, olulimi nohlangothi, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukuphefumula okufushane. Ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, isisu esiphazamisekile noma ukugabha. Isikhathi sokulibaziseka phakathi kokudla imikhiqizo yenyama nokuthola umsabela wokuzwa ukungafani kungaba yisizathu esisodwa sokuthi i-alpha-gal syndrome ayizange iqondwe ekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwe-T-bone steak ngesidlo sakusihlwa nezilonda ebusuku obukhulu akucace kangako. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi bayazi isizathu somsabela olibazisekile. Bathi kubangelwa ama-molecule e-alpha-gal athatha isikhathi eside kunabanye abaphehli ukuba ahlanzwe futhi angene ohlelweni oluhambisa igazi emzimbeni. Thola usizo uma unezimpawu zomsabela wokudla ngemva kokudla, ngisho noma ngabe sekudlule amahora ambalwa ngemva kokudla. Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo oyinhloko noma ochwepheshe we-allergy, obizwa ngokuthi yi-allergist. Ungayikhiphi inyama ebomvu njengesizathu esingenzeka somsabela wakho. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala noma uchitha isikhathi ezingxenyeni zezwe lapho i-alpha-gal syndrome ibikwe khona. Thola ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha uma unezimpawu zomsabela onzima wokuzwa ukungafani obangela ubunzima bokuqeda, obizwa ngokuthi yi-anaphylaxis, njengalezi: Ubunzima bokuqeda. Ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okubuhlungu. Ukuzwela okukhulu noma ukukhanya. Ukukhipha umlomo nokungaqondi ukugwinya. Ubomvu bomzimba wonke nobushushu, obizwa ngokuthi yi-flushing.

Thola usizo uma unezimpawu zokutholakala kokudla ngemva kokudla, ngisho noma kungemva kwemihlambi embalwa ngemva kokudla. Bheka udokotela wakho oyinhloko noma uchwepheshe wokwelapha ukungezwani, obizwa ngokuthi ungumngane. Ungayikhipha inyama ebomvu njengesizathu esingaba khona sokuphendula kwakho. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala noma uchitha isikhathi ezingxenyeni zezwe lapho i-alpha-gal syndrome ibikwe khona. Thola ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha uma unezimpawu zokungezwani okukhulu okubangela ubunzima bokuqeda, okuthiwa yi-anaphylaxis, njengalezi: Ubunzima bokuqeda. Ukushona okusheshayo, okubuhlungu. Ukuzwa ukoma noma ukukhanya. Ukukhipha umalobola nokungaqondi ukugwinya. Ubomvu bomzimba wonke nobushushu, okuthiwa ukugqwala.

Abantu abaningi abane-alpha-gal syndrome e-U.S. bathola le simo lapho i-Lone Star tick ibazululayo. Ukuluma kwezinye izinhlobo ze-tick kungabangela le simo. Lezi zinye i-tick zibangela i-alpha-gal syndrome ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu, e-Australia, e-Asia, eNingizimu Afrika, naseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi i-tick ebangela i-alpha-gal syndrome ithwala ama-alpha-gal molecules. Lawo avela egazini lezilwane ezivame ukuziluma, njengezinkomo nezimvu. Uma i-tick ethwala lawa ma-molecule iluma umuntu, i-tick ithumela i-alpha-gal emzimbeni womuntu. Ngezizathu ezingaziwa, abanye abantu banesimpendulo esinamandla sokukhululeka kulawa ma-molecule. Umzimba wenza amaprotheni abizwa ngama-antibodies. La ma-antibodies aqondisa i-alpha-gal njengento isistimu yokuvikela imizimba edinga ukuyisusa. Impendulo inamandla kangangokuthi abantu abane-allergy abasakwazi ukudla inyama ebomvu. Abakwazi ukudla noma yikuphi ukudla okwenziwe egazini lezilwane ngaphandle kokuba ne-allergic reaction. Abantu abaluma kakhulu yi-tick ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bangaba nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Abantu abanama-antibodies ahlobene ne-alpha-gal syndrome bangaba ne-allergic reactions kumuthi wempuphu i-cetuximab (Erbitux). Ucwaningo lubonakala lukhombisa ukuthi izehlakalo zale allergy yemithi zihlangene ne-alpha-gal syndrome. Ama-antibodies esistimu yokuvikela imizimba eyenzayo ku-alpha-gal abonakala ephendula esakhiweni somuthi futhi.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo abakaqondi ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bathola i-alpha-gal syndrome ngemva kokubekwa engcupheni, kanti abanye abayitholi. Le meko kakhulu ivela emazweni aseNingizimu, empumalanga nasempumalanga-ngase entshonalanga ye-United States. Usesengcupheni enkulu uma uhlala noma uchitha isikhathi kulezi zindawo futhi: Uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle. Utholiwe izigigaba eziningi ze-Lone Star. Eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwangu-30 edlule, i-Lone Star tick itholiwe ngobuningi obukhulu eNyakatho njengoba iMaine. Le tick iye yatholwa naseNtshonalanga njengoba i-Texas nase-Oklahoma. I-alpha-gal syndrome ivela nakwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ezinye izingxenye zaseYurophu, e-Australia, e-Asia, eNingizimu Afrika, naseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Amerika. Kulawo mazwe, ukukhonjwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-tick kubonakala futhi kukhuphula ingozi yale meko.

I-Alpha-gal syndrome ingabangela ukusabela okukhulu okubangelwa uketshezi okuthiwa yi-anaphylaxis. Ingabulala uma ingalashwa. I-Anaphylaxis iphelelwa yimithi yokuhlungela okuthiwa yi-epinephrine, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-adrenaline. Ungazibhoboza nge-epinephrine ngedivayisi ethiwa yi-auto-injector (EpiPen, Auvi-Q, nezinye). Kumele uhambe uye endlini yokwelapha. Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zingafaka: Izindlela zokuphefumula ezinqunyiwe, ezivaliwe. Ukukhula komphimbo okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ukwehla okukhulu kokucindezela kwegazi, okuthiwa yi-shock. Ukuphakama kwenhliziyo. Ukuzizwa ukhuluphulu noma ukhanya, noma ukulahlekelwa yikwazi. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bacabanga ukuthi abanye abantu abafumanayo i-anaphylaxis njalo futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile bangase baphile ne-alpha-gal syndrome. Abakaze nje baqaphele.