Uyini i-Amyloidosis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uyini i-Amyloidosis?

I-Amyloidosis yisimo lapho amaprotheni angavamile abizwa ngokuthi yi-amyloid aqokelela khona ezingutsheni nasezithweni zakho. La maprotheni ahlanganiswa ngendlela engafanele futhi anamathele ndawonye, enza amaqembu omzimba wakho ongakwazi ukuwaphula noma ukuwasusa ngokwemvelo.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuba ne-residue enamathelayo eqokelela kancane kancane ezindaweni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zikhuthazo zamaprotheni zingaphazamisa indlela izitho zakho ezisebenza ngayo. Lesi simo singathinta izitho ezahlukene kufaka phakathi inhliziyo yakho, izinso, isibindi, kanye nesistimu yezinzwa.

Nakuba i-amyloidosis izwakala iyesabekayo, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho yiyona nyathelo lokuqala lokuyilawula ngokuphumelelayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi simo, futhi abantu abaningi baphila kahle ngokwelashwa okulungile nokunakekelwa.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Amyloidosis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziyinhloko ze-amyloidosis, ngayinye ibangelwa amaprotheni ahlukene. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-AL amyloidosis, eyenzeka lapho isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba sikhiqiza amaprotheni e-antibody angavamile.

I-AA amyloidosis ithuthukiswa ukusuka ekukhubekiseni okungapheli emzimbeni wakho, kuvame ukuxhumana nezimo zokukhubeka isikhathi eside njenge-rheumatoid arthritis. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luthinta izinso zakho, isibindi, kanye ne-spleen.

I-Amyloidosis elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane iqhubeka emindenini futhi ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okukhiqiza amaprotheni angalungile. I-Wild-type amyloidosis, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-senile amyloidosis, ikakhulukazi ithonya inhliziyo futhi ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70.

Ulu hlobo ngalunye luphatha ngokuhlukile futhi lungadinga izindlela zokwelapha ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulokhu unalo ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Amyloidosis?

Izimpawu ze-Amyloidosis zingaba zimuncu ekuqaleni futhi ngokuvamile zilinganisa ezinye izimo, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "umlingisi omkhulu." Izimpawu ozibona zincike ezithweni ezithintekile yizikhuthazo zamaprotheni.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Ukukhathala okungachazeki nobuthakathaka obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukukhula kwezinyawo, imilenze, noma isisu
• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ikakhulukazi lapho ulele noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Ukwehla kobunzima okungachazeki kwamakhilogremu angu-10 noma ngaphezulu
• Ukungazizwa noma ukukhahlela ezandleni nasezinzwani
• Ukhukhula noma ukuvimbela okungapheli
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha lapho udle
• Ukushona okungavamile kwenhliziyo noma ukushayisana kwenhliziyo

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokugqwala kalula, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo, noma ukuguqulwa kokubukeka kwesikhumba. Ulimi lwakho lungabonakala lukhulu, noma ungase uqaphele ukuguqulwa kwezwi lakho.

Lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Abantu abaningi ekuqaleni bayazidela njengezimpawu zokuguga noma ukucindezeleka, ngakho unganqikazi ukuxoxa ngezimpawu eziqhubekayo nodokotela wakho.

Yini ebangela i-Amyloidosis?

I-Amyloidosis ithuthukiswa lapho amaprotheni emzimbeni wakho ehlanganiswa ngendlela engafanele futhi enza izikhuthazo eziyingozi. Isibangela esiqondile sihluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-amyloidosis olulokhu unalo.

Ku-AL amyloidosis, ubukhulu bamathambo bakho bukhulisa amaseli e-plasma angavamile akhiqiza amaprotheni angalungile. La maseli afana nalawa abonakala ku-multiple myeloma, kodwa awona amakhanda ngendlela efanayo.

I-AA amyloidosis ivela ezimweni zokukhubeka okungapheli okubangela isibindi sakho ukuba sikhiqize okuningi kwe-protein ebizwa ngokuthi yi-serum amyloid A. Izimo ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sokuvuvukala sesisu, noma ukutheleleka okungapheli kungabangela le nqubo.

Izinhlobo elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane zivela ekuguqulweni kwe-genetic okudluliselwa emindenini. Le miqulu yenza umzimba wakho ukhiqize amaprotheni angaqinile alula ukuhlanganiswa futhi aqokelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Wild-type amyloidosis ivela lapho izinqubo zokuguga ezingavamile zithinta i-protein ebizwa ngokuthi yi-transthyretin, okwenza ibe buthakathaka futhi yakhe izikhuthazo, ikakhulukazi esithweni senhliziyo.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Amyloidosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingenasiqalo esicacile. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho yokwelashwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukukhula okungachazeki ezinyaweni zakho noma esiswini, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokuphefumula okufushane. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi izikhuthazo ze-amyloid zithinta inhliziyo yakho noma izinso.

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala okukhulu okuhlupha imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukwehla kobunzima okungachazeki, noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla eziqhubekayo. Ukungazizwa nokuthinta ezingutsheni zakho okuyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa.

Uma unomlando womndeni we-amyloidosis noma izimo zokuvuvukala ezaziwayo, zikhombise udokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zingase zibe yiyiphi i-amyloidosis futhi bahlele ukuhlolwa okufanele.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Amyloidosis?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwe-amyloidosis, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Ubudala buthatha indima ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-amyloidosis. I-AL amyloidosis ngokuvamile ithonya abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kuyilapho i-wild-type amyloidosis cishe ivela kuphela kumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane zingase zivele kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Ukuba nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha kukwandisa ingozi yakho kakhulu. Izifo zokuvuvukala okungapheli ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sokuvuvukala sesisu, noma ukutheleleka okungapheli kungabangela i-AA amyloidosis. Izifo zegazi ezinjenge-multiple myeloma zihambisana ne-AL amyloidosis.

Umlando womndeni ubalulekile nge-amyloidosis elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane. Uma izihlobo eziseduze zitholwe zine-amyloidosis noma izinkinga zenhliziyo noma izinso ezingachazeki, ungase ube nemiqulu ye-genetic ekwandisa ingozi yakho.

Ubulili buthonya ezinye izinhlobo ze-amyloidosis. Amadoda anethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-wild-type amyloidosis, kuyilapho i-AL amyloidosis ithonya amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Izizwe ezithile nazo zithwala ubungozi obukhulu bezinhlobo ezithile elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane.

Ziyini Izinhlupheko Ezingase Zivele ze-Amyloidosis?

I-Amyloidosis ingabangela izinhlupheko ezinkulu lapho izikhuthazo zamaprotheni zihlupha ukusebenza kwezitho. Izinhlupheko ezithile zincike ezithweni ezithintekile nokuthi kungaki i-amyloid eqoqiwe.

Izinhlupheko zenhliziyo ziphakathi kwezinkulu kakhulu futhi zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• Ukushona okungavamile kwenhliziyo okungadinga ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker
• Izindonga zenhliziyo ezinqunyiwe ezinciphisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokugeleza igazi
• Ukumisa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ezimweni ezinkulu

Izinhlupheko zezinso zingathuthuka zibe ukwehluleka okuphelele kwezinso, okudinga i-dialysis noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuhileleka kwesistimu yezinzwa kungabangela ukungazizwa okuqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka, nobuhlungu ezandleni nasezinzwani. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinkinga ngemisebenzi yomzimba ezenzakalelayo njengokulawulwa kwegazi nokugaya ukudla.

Izinhlupheko zokugaya ukudla zingafaka ukungagayi kahle okukhulu, okuholela ekungabi nazondlo ezifanele nokwehla kobunzima okuqhubekayo. Ukuhileleka kwesibindi kungathinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokukhiqiza amaprotheni abalulekile nokucubungula izinto eziyingozi.

Nakuba lezi zinhlupheko zizwakala zesabekayo, ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa ngokuvamile kungavimbela noma kunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwazo. Abantu abaningi abane-amyloidosis bagcina ikhwalithi yokuphila enhle ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

I-Amyloidosis Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-amyloidosis kudinga izinyathelo eziningi ngoba izimpawu zingalinganisa ezinye izimo eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba, egxila kakhulu enhliziyweni yakho, izinso, nesistimu yezinzwa.

Izivivinyo zegazi nezinina zisiza ekutholeni amaprotheni angavamile nokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezitho. Udokotela wakho uzobheka amamaki athile njengokuphakama kwama-light chains ku-AL amyloidosis noma amamaki okukhubeka ku-AA amyloidosis.

Ukuhlonishwa okucacile kudinga i-tissue biopsy, lapho isampula encane yesitho ihlolwa khona ngaphansi komkhiqizo okhethekile. Izindawo ezivamile ze-biopsy zifaka i-fat tissue esiswini sakho, ubukhulu bamathambo, noma izitho ezithintekile ezinjengenhliziyo noma izinso.

Izifundo zokuthola izithombe ezinjenge-echocardiograms, i-cardiac MRI, noma i-nuclear heart scans zisiza ekuhlaleni kwemiphumela yokwelashwa. Lezi zivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi izitho zakho zisebenza kangcono kangakanani nokuthi kungaki i-amyloid eqoqiwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kungase kunconywe uma kukhona ukungabaza kwe-amyloidosis elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola ukuguqulwa okuthile futhi kusize ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yohlobo lwakho oluthile.

Yini Ukwelashwa kwe-Amyloidosis?

Ukuphathwa kwe-amyloidosis kugxila ekuyekiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni angavamile nokuphatha izimpawu ukuze kuvikelwe izitho zakho. Indlela ethile ihluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-amyloidosis olulokhu unalo nezitho ezithintekile.

Nge-AL amyloidosis, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela imithi ye-chemotherapy efana naleyo esetshenziswa ku-multiple myeloma. Le miithi ihlose amaseli e-plasma angavamile akhiqiza amaprotheni ayingozi. Kwezinye izimo, ukufakwa kwamaseli eselula kungase kunconywe.

Ukuphathwa kwe-AA amyloidosis kugxila ekulawuleni isimo sokuvuvukala esingapheli. Lokhu kungase kuhilele imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukwelapha ukutheleleka, noma ukuphatha izimo zokuziphatha komzimba ezibangela ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni.

I-Amyloidosis elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane ingase izuze emithini eqinisa i-protein engavamile noma inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi ngezinye izikhathi kucabangelwa njengoba isibindi sikhiqiza amaningi amaprotheni anezingozi.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo zisiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvikela ukusebenza kwezitho. Lokhu kungase kuhilele imithi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukulawula kwegazi, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu bezimpawu zezinzwa, nokusekelwa kokudla.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha cishe lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe emazingeni ahlukene abasebenza ndawonye ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusiza ekuqapheleni impendulo yakho ekwelapheni nokulungisa imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi se-Amyloidosis?

Ukuphathwa kwe-amyloidosis ekhaya kuhilela ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe nokuqapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela. Gcina irekhodi lasemntwini ngosuku ngosuku lwesisindo sakho, njengoba ukwanda kwesisindo ngokuzumayo kungabonisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi.

Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, okune-sodium ephansi ukuze kunciphisa ukucindezela esistimu yakho yemisipha yenhliziyo. Khawukhawulelise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma, ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nokukhula noma izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

Hlala usebenzile ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungakusiza ukugcina amandla akho nokwenza ukugeleza kwegazi kube ngcono. Noma kunjalo, gwema imisebenzi enzima uma une-involvement yenhliziyo.

Nakekela izinyawo zakho nezandla uma une-involvement yezinzwa. Hlola nsuku zonke ukulimala, gqoka izicathulo ezifanele, futhi uzivimbele ekushiseni okukhulu njengoba ungase ungazizwa ubuhlungu ngokujwayelekile.

Gcina uxhumano oluqhubekayo neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi unganqikazi ukubiza uma uqaphela izimpawu ezintsha noma ukwanda kwezimpawu ezikhona. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile kungavimbela izinhlupheko.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinye izinto. Futhi, buthana amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yakamuva noma imibiko evela kwabanye odokotela.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde isimo sakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Bangase futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo futhi basize ekuvikeleni izidingo zakho.

Bhala umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi izihlobo ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma izimo zezinzwa. Ulwazi lolu lungabalulekile ekutholeni uhlobo lwakho lwe-amyloidosis.

Yini Okubalulekile Mayelana ne-Amyloidosis?

I-Amyloidosis yisimo esinzima kodwa esilawuleka lapho amaprotheni angavamile aqokelela khona ezithweni zakho. Nakuba ingathinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba, ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-amyloidosis ayisiyona isahlulelo sokufa. Abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngalesi simo lapho bathola ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha futhi balandela izinhlelo zabo zokwelapha ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuhlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, nokuhlala unoxhumano oluvulekile mayelana nezimpawu zakho nokukhathazeka kwakho kuyizinhlu zokuphathwa okuphumelelayo. Ukusekelwa komndeni nabangane futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakho okuphelele.

Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-amyloidosis luqhubeka, ngezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezithuthukiswa njalo. Hlala unethemba futhi ugxile kulokho ongakulawula - ukuthatha imithi yakho, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, nokuphila ngempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Amyloidosis

Ingabe i-amyloidosis ilidluliselwa ngezizukulwane?

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-amyloidosis zilidluliselwa ngezizukulwane futhi ziqhubeka emindenini, kuyilapho ezinye zingalidluliselwa. I-Amyloidosis elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okudluliselwa kubazali kubantwana. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, i-AL amyloidosis, aludluliselwa. Uma unomlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo, izinso, noma izinzwa ezingachazeki, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic nokuhlolwa kungase kunconywe.

Ingabe i-amyloidosis ingaphiliswa?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha i-amyloidosis, kodwa lesi simo singaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo futhi siphathwe. Ukwelashwa kugxila ekuyekiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni angavamile nokuphatha izimpawu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwezitho. Abantu abaningi abane-amyloidosis baphila isikhathi eside ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ucwaningo luqhubeka, futhi izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ziqhubeka zithuthukiswa.

Ubude bangakanani ongabuphila nge-amyloidosis?

Isikhathi sokuphila nge-amyloidosis sihluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, izitho ezithintekile, nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka ngalesi simo, kuyilapho abanye bengase babe nenkambo eqhubekayo. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Udokotela wakho anganika ulwazi oluthile olusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme nge-amyloidosis?

Ngokuvamile, kufanele ulandele ukudla okune-sodium ephansi ukuze kunciphisa ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho nasezinso. Khawukhawulelise ukudla okucutshunguliwe, izinto ezibekwe emakhanini, nokudla kwendawo yokudlela okuvame ukuba ne-sodium eningi. Uma une-involvement yezinso, ungase udinge ukulinganisela iprotheni ne-phosphorus. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma umondli anganika imiyalo ethile yokudla esekelwe ekuhilelekeni kwezitho zakho nempilo yakho jikelele.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungenza i-amyloidosis ibe mbi?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka kungabangeli i-amyloidosis ukuba ibe mbi, kungathinta impilo yakho jikelele futhi kuthinte isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukuzivocavoca okulula, ukwelulekwa, noma amaqembu wokusekela kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho futhi kukusize ukuba ubhekane kangcono nesimo sakho. Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungase futhi kwenze izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala nezinselelo zokulala zibe zimbi.