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October 10, 2025
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I-anal fissure iyikhala elincane noma ukweqile kwendwangu efinyelela, emanyene ehlanganisa umlomo wakho wesisu. Cabanga ngakho njengokuqhekeka kwephepha, kodwa endaweni ebuhlungu kakhulu lapho ukuhamba kwesisu kudlula khona.
Leli bhubhane eliqhelile lithinta abantu bazo zonke izigaba zobukhulu futhi lingenza into eqhelile njengokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela ibe yinto engekho emnandi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinqamuleli eziningi ze-anal ziyaphola zodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, futhi kunezinqubo zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle uma zingapholi.
Ungase uzizwe uhluphekile ukukhuluma ngaleli bhubhane, kodwa empeleni liqhelile kunalokho ocabanga ngakho. Odokotela babona futhi baphathe izinqamuleli ze-anal njalo, ngakho-ke akukho sidingo sokuzizwa ukhona uma ufuna usizo.
Isilwane esibaluleke kakhulu se-anal fissure yubuhlungu obukhulu, obuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesisu. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile buzwakala sengathi udlula izingilazi noma izikhali ezibukhali, futhi lungakushiya ungaphefumuli.
Nawa ama-symptom ongawabona:
Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buqala ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesisu futhi bungagcina amahora ambalwa ngemuva kwalokho. Abanye abantu bayichaza njengomuzwa oqhumayo noma oshisayo owenza ukuhlala kube yinto engekho emnandi.
Igazi elivela ku-anal fissure ngokuvamile libomvu futhi libonakala ebusweni besisu lakho noma ephepheni lesikhungo. Ngokungafani nezinye izimbangela zokopha kwe-rectal, inani ngokuvamile lincane futhi alixubani nesisu ngokwalo.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekutheni zikade zikhona isikhathi esingakanani. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kusiza ekutholeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ezibukhali ziyizikhala ezisha ezikade zikhona amasonto angaphansi kwama-6. Lezi zinqamuleli ezintsha zinamahlangothi acocekile, aqhekeke futhi ngokuvamile ziyaphola zodwa ngokwelashwa okuqondile njengokushintsha ukudla kanye nezinambuzane ezibekwe ngaphandle.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ezindala zikade zikhona amasonto angaphezu kwama-6 futhi azipholi naphezu kokwelashwa. Lezi zikhala eziqonde kakhulu ngokuvamile zinamahlangothi aphakanyisiwe, imisipha evezwe emazantsi, futhi ingase ibe ne-skin tag encane yangaphandle noma ukukhula kwangaphakathi okuthiwa yi-sentinel pile.
Izinqamuleli ezindala kunzima ukwelapha ngoba imisipha ezungezile ivame ukuya ekuhluphekeni, inqume ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni futhi ivimbele ukuphulukiswa kwemvelo. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu kunokwelashwa kwezinqamuleli ezibukhali.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ngokuvamile zithuthukiswa lapho okuthile kukhula noma kulimala indwangu ebuthakathaka eduze komlomo wakho wesisu. Isithuthukisi esivamile ukudlula izisu ezinzima, ezinkulu ezicindezela ukuvula komlomo wesisu ngaphezu komkhawulo wayo olukhulu.
Izici eziningi zingadala izinqamuleli ze-anal:
Kwezinye izimo, izimbangela ezingavamile zingase zihileleke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umdlavuza wesisu, i-HIV, i-tuberculosis, i-syphilis, noma i-herpes, nakuba lokhu kungavamile futhi ngokuvamile kuza nezinye izimpawu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela eqondile ayicaci, futhi i-fissure ingase ithuthukiswe ngisho nakwabantu abanezindlela zokudla ezijwayelekile. Imisipha yakho ye-anal sphincter ingase ibe yeqinile kunokulinganiselwe, okwenza ube sengozini yokweqile.
Kufanele ubona umhlinzeki wezempilo uma ubona ukopha kwe-rectal noma ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo. Nakuba lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zibonisa i-anal fissure elula, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele ukuze kuvinjwe ezinye izimo.
Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi eside kunamasonto ambalwa, zibe zimbi naphezu kokwelashwa ekhaya, noma uma uthuthukisa ubushushu kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Udokotela angaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi ancoma ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ungalibeki ukufuna usizo uma unebuhlungu obukhulu obuvimba imisebenzi evamile, ukopha okukhulu, noma uma ubona izinguquko ezindleleni zakho zesisu. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni ngokuvamile kuholela ekuphulukiseni okusheshayo futhi kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka.
Uma unomlando wesifo se-inflammatory bowel, izinkinga zesimiso somzimba, noma ezinye izimo ezingapheli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba noma yiziphi izimpawu zesisu ziqondiswe ngokushesha ngumsebenzi wezempilo ochwepheshe.
Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-anal fissure. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaba yingozi kungakusiza ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela leli bhubhane elingathandeki.
Ubudala buthatha indima ebalulekile, ngamawele nabantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka abathinteka kakhulu. Ezinganeni, ukuvimbela nokucindezeleka kokufunda ukulawula ukuhamba kwesisu kuhlanganyela ekukhuleni kwe-fissure.
Izici ezingaba yingozi eziqhelile zihlanganisa:
Ezinye izici zokuphila zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho. Ukudla okuncane okunefayibha, ukungena kwamanzi okunganele, nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca konke kungase kuhlanganyele ekuvimbeleni nasekuthuthukiseni i-fissure.
Izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ukugeleza kwegazi, njengesihlalo noma i-peripheral vascular disease, zingase futhi zikhulise ingozi yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izidakamizwa ezibangela ukuvimbela njengomphumela ohlangothini zingase ziholele ngokungaqondile ezinqamuleleni ze-anal.
Nakuba izinqamuleli eziningi ze-anal ziyaphola ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinzima, ezinye izinhlanganisela zingase zithuthukiswe uma isimo sibe yisikhathi eside noma singaphathwa kahle. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukuthi uqaphele nini kufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okwengeziwe.
Inhlanganisela evamile kakhulu ukukhula kwe-fissure ehlala njalo engapholi naphezu kokwelashwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha ye-anal sphincter ihamba ekuhluphekeni, inqume ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni futhi ivimbele ukuphulukiswa kwemvelo.
Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:
Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukwesaba ukuhamba kwesisu ngenxa yobuhlungu, okungase kuholele ekuqondeni kokugcina isisu. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo omubi lapho ukubamba isisu kwenza kube nzima futhi kube nokwenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukweqile okwengeziwe.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinqamuleli ezindala ezingaphathwanga zingase ziholele ekulimala okukhulu nokushintsha okungapheli kokuvula komlomo wesisu. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangagwema lezi zinhlanganisela ngokuphelele.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinqamuleli ze-anal ukugcina ukuhamba kwesisu okuthambile, okujwayelekile futhi ugweme ukuhlupheka. Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela zigxile ekugcineni isimiso sakho sokuhlanza siphilile futhi kunciphise ukucindezela endaweni yesisu.
Ukushintsha ukudla kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela. Ukudla ukudla okuningi okunefayibha njengizithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, nama-legumes kusiza ukwenza izisu ezithambile ezihamba kalula.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:
Uma ukhona ekuvimbeleni, cabanga ngokwengeza i-fiber supplement esimweni sakho ngemuva kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Abaphuli besisu bangase futhi basize ngezikhathi lapho ukhona engozini enkulu, njengangemva kokuhlinzwa noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuphatha izimo ezingapheli njenge-inflammatory bowel disease noma ukulungisa ukukhuluphala okungapheli futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinqamuleli ekuthuthukiseni noma ekuphindaphindeni.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-anal fissure ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angabona i-fissure ngokubuka nje indawo yesisu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba.
Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho, izindlela zokudla, nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazofuna ukwazi ngebuhlungu obuhluphekayo, noma yikuphi ukopha, nokuthi ubike lezi zimpawu isikhathi esingakanani.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wakho uzoqala indawo yesisu ngobumnene ngenkathi ulele eceleni. Ngokuvamile bangabona i-fissure njengokweqile okuncane esikhunjeni. Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kufushane futhi, nakuba kungathandeki, akufanele kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu.
Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase enze ukuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal ngokufaka umunwe ogqokwe, oluhlaza esiswini. Noma kunjalo, lokhu ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe ekuqaleni uma ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengoba kungase kube yinto engekho emnandi nge-fissure esebenzayo.
Izivivinyo ezengeziwe azivamile ukudingeka izinqamuleli ze-anal ezijwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, uma udokotela wakho engabaza isimo esingaphansi noma uma i-fissure ibukeka ingavamile, angase ancome i-anoscopy (ukusebenzisa i-scope encane ukubuka ngaphakathi komlomo wesisu) noma ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile.
Ukuphathwa kwezinqamuleli ze-anal ngokuvamile kuqala ngezindlela eziqondile ezisiza ukweqile ukuphulukiswa ngokwemvelo. Izinqamuleli eziningi ezibukhali ziphendula kahle kulezi zindlela ezingenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, ezigxile ekuqedeni ubuhlungu nasekuthuthukiseni ukuphulukiswa.
Umugqa wokuqala wokwelapha uhilela ukwenza izisu zakho zibe zithambile futhi kube lula ukuzihambisa. Lokhu kunciphise ukulimala kwe-fissure ephulukayo futhi kuphazamise umjikelezo wobuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwemisipha okungavimbela ukuphulukiswa.
Izinketho zokwelapha eziqondile zihlanganisa:
Imithi ebekwe ngaphandle isebenza ngokuphumula imisipha ye-anal sphincter, okuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni futhi kuvumela ukuphulukiswa kwenzeke. Lezi zinqubo zinephumelelo ekuphulukiseni cishe u-70-80% wezinqamuleli ezindala.
Uma ukwelashwa okuqondile kungasebenzi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa okuthiwa yi-lateral internal sphincterotomy. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza isiqu esincane emisipha ye-anal sphincter ukuze kunciphise ukucindezela futhi kuthuthukise ukuphulukiswa.
Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kugcinelwe izinqamuleli ezindala ezingaphendulanga kwezinye izinqubo. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwesiguli futhi inezinga eliphezulu lempi yokwelapha izinqamuleli eziqine kakhulu.
Ukuphathwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni izinqamuleli ze-anal nokubavimbela ekuphindaphindeni. Isifiso ukudala izimo ezivumela ukweqile ukuphulukiswa ngenkathi ugcina ukuhamba kwesisu kuhlala kuqondile futhi kujwayelekile.
Amanzi afudumele okugeza ngesinye sezindlela zokwelapha ekhaya ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukugeza emanzini afudumele imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi isisu sihambe, kusiza ukuphumula imisipha yesisu futhi kuthuthukise ukuphulukiswa.
Ukuphathwa kokudla kubalulekile ekwelapheni ekhaya okuphumelelayo:
Gcina indawo yesisu ihlanzekile futhi yomile, kodwa gwema izifebe ezinzima noma ukuhlamba okukhulu. Sebenzisa iphepha lesikhungo elithambile, elingenamphunga noma cabanga ngokusebenzisa i-bidet noma izicubu ezimanzi ezenzelwe isikhumba esibuhlungu.
Abaphuli bobuhlungu abathengiswa ngaphandle njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen bangasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu. Ama-anesthetics okuthambisa ane-lidocaine anganikeza impumuzo yesikhashana, kodwa uwasebenzise kancane futhi kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe.
Yakha izindlela zokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela elijwayelekile ngokuphendula ngokushesha esidingweni sokuhamba kwesisu. Ungahlupheki noma uchithe isikhathi eside esibayeni se-toilet, njengoba lokhu kungenza isimo sibe sibi.
Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nesiqondiso sokwelapha esisebenza kahle. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kuzokwenza ukuvakasha kube nomphumela futhi kube lula.
Bhala izimpawu zakho ngaphambi kwe-appointment, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Qaphela noma yiziphi izibonelo ozibonile, njengobuningi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesisu noma ukopha okuvela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ulwazi olumele ulungiselele luhlanganisa:
Ungajabuli ukuxoxa ngalezi zimpawu nodokotela wakho. Baye babona futhi baphathe iziguli eziningi ezinezimo ezifanayo, futhi ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele, oluqotho kubasiza ukuba bakunikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu okungenzeka.
Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni uma uzizwa ukhathazekile nge-appointment. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu futhi banikeze ukusekela ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sizizwe sengathi yingxoxo engafaneleki.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ziyizimo ezivamile, ezilapheka ezibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kodwa azivamile ukuholela ekulimala okukhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izinqamuleli eziningi ziyaphola ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.
Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphulukiseni isikhathi kanye nezinga lokududuza. Ungaziphikisi izimpawu noma uzama ukuzithwala, njengoba izinqamuleli ezingaphathwanga zingase zibe yisikhathi eside futhi kube nzima ukwelapha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokushintsha ukudla, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okwandisiwe, nokuhlanzeka okufanele kuyisisekelo kokwelapha nokuvimbela. Lezi zinyathelo ezilula ngokuvamile zingavimbela izinqamuleli ekuthuthukiseni futhi zisize ezikhona ziphulukise ngokushesha.
Khumbula ukuthi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngezimpawu zesisu akuyona into okumele uhlupheke ngayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bayeqeqeshwe ukuphatha lezi zimo ngokuchwepheshe nangomusa, futhi bafuna ukukusiza uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha okungenzeka.
Izinqamuleli eziningi ze-anal ezibukhali ziyaphola phakathi kwamasonto angu-4-6 ngokwelashwa okufanele. Noma kunjalo, izinqamuleli ezindala ezikade zikhona amasonto angaphezu kwama-6 zingase zithathe izinyanga eziningi ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma zidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha noma ukungenelela okuhlinzwa. Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa siyehluka ngezinto ezinjengokukhulu kwe-fissure, impilo yakho jikelele, nokuthi ulandela kangcono kanjani iziphakamiso zokwelapha.
Yebo, ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka uzivivinya nge-anal fissure, kodwa ungase udinga ukushintsha i-routine yakho. Imisebenzi enomthelela omncane njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, ne-yoga ethambile ngokuvamile iphephile futhi ingasiza ngokuthuthukisa ukuhlanza okunempilo. Gwema imisebenzi ebeka ukucindezela ngqo endaweni yesisu noma ebangela ukuhlupheka, njengokuhlanza izinto ezinkulu noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezindaweni ezinzima, kuze kube yilapho i-fissure iphulukile.
Nakuba abanye abantu behlangabezana nezinqamuleli eziphindaphindayo, akuyona into evamile futhi ngokuvamile ibonisa inkinga engaphansi okumele ilungiswe. Izinqamuleli eziphindaphindayo ngokuvamile zenzeka kubantu abane-constipation ehlala njalo, i-inflammatory bowel disease, noma labo abangazange benze izinguquko ezidingekayo zokuphila. Ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone futhi welaphe imbangela yengxenye kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izigameko zesikhathi esizayo.
Izinqamuleli ze-anal ziyizikhala esikhunjeni esizungezile umlomo wesisu ezibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesisu. Ama-hemorrhoids ayizitsha zegazi ezivuvukile ezingabangela ukukhahlela, ukushisa, nobuhlungu obuhlungu, kodwa ngokuvamile azivezi umuzwa obukhulu, obuqhekeka we-fissure. Ama-hemorrhoids angase futhi abangele umuzwa wokugcwalisa noma i-lump eduze komlomo wesisu, ngenkathi izinqamuleli zibonakala njengokweqile okubonakalayo esikhunjeni.
Cha, izinqamuleli ze-anal ngokwazo azikhohli emdlavuzini. Ziyi-tears elula esikhunjeni eziyaphola ngaphandle kokubangela izinguquko ze-cellular ezingase zibe yimdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba noma yiziphi izimpawu zesisu ezihlala njalo ziqondiswe ngumhlinzeki wezempilo, njengoba ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu zingase zifane nalezo zezinqamuleli. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kwanoma yiliphi isimo sesisu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu njalo.
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