Uyini i-Anaphylaxis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Anaphylaxis ukusabela okukhulu, okusongela impilo okwenzeka uma isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba singenawo amandla kakhulu ngento ekuthola ukuthi ingozi. Ngaphakathi kwamaminithi okutholakala kwesibangela, umzimba wakho ungangena ekuthokozweni, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kubeka ukucindezeleka kwegazi lakho phansi kakhulu.

Leli bhubesi lezokwelapha lithinta umzimba wakho wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, hhayi indawo eyodwa kuphela. Cabanga ngakho njengoba izinhlamvu zokuxwayisa zesimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba zikhala ngokukhulu kangangokuthi zikulimala kunokukuvikela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-anaphylaxis ingaphathwa kahle uma itholakala ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis?

Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zivele ngokuzumayo futhi zingakhuphuka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi. Umzimba wakho uzokunika izimpawu ezicacile zokuthi kukhona okuthile okubi okwenzekayo, futhi ukuqaphela lokhu ngokushesha kungasindisa impilo yakho.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda noma ukuhlabana
• Ukukhula kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umlomo
• I-pulse esheshayo, ebuthakathaka
• Ukusebenza kwesikhumba njenge-hives, ukukhahlela, noma ukukhula kwesikhumba
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukuqeda
• Ukuzwa kokuthi kukhona okuthile okubi okuzayo

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezinobuhlungu ngokufanayo. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukugula okukhulu kwesisu, ukudideka, noma ukunambitheka okufana nensimbi emlonyeni wakho. Isikhumba sakho singase sibe luhlaza, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindebe nezindebe, okubonisa ukuthi awutholi oksijini eyanele.

Okwenza i-anaphylaxis ibe yingozi kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu zingaba zimbi kangakanani ngokushesha. Ungaqala ngokukhahlela okuncane futhi ngaphakathi kwamaminithi angu-15 uthole ukuthi uhlupheka ukuze uphefumule. Lokhu kuqhubeka ngokushesha kungesizathu sokuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile kangaka.

Yini ebangela i-anaphylaxis?

I-Anaphylaxis yenzeka uma isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba siqaphela into engalimi kangako njengengozi enkulu. Umzimba wakho ube usukhulula izinto eziningi zokulwa nale ngozi ebonwayo, kodwa lezi zinto zibangela izimpawu ezingozi esikhundleni salokho.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ezingabangela lokhu kusabela zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla okufana nama-peanut, ama-nuts, ama-shellfish, inhlanzi, ubisi, namaqanda
• Ukutshongwa yizinambuzane ezinjengezinyosi, izimpukane, ama-hornets, noma ama-fire ants
• Imithi efana ne-antibiotics, i-aspirin, noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokuhlupheka
• I-Latex etholakala ezimbadini, amabhaluni, noma imishini yezokwelapha

Izimbangela ezingavamile zingabamba abantu ngokungalindelekile. Abanye abantu basabela ekuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nokudla ukudla okuthile. Abanye bangase babe nokusabela emibalabala yokuphikisana esetshenziswa ekuboneni kwezokwelapha noma ngisho nokubanda okukhulu ezimweni ezingavamile.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela abakwazi ukubona ukuthi yini ebangelwe ukusabela kwakho kwe-anaphylactic, okuthiwa yi-anaphylaxis idiopathic. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kubi, kodwa akushintshi indlela isimo siphathwa ngayo noma siphathwa ngayo.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-anaphylaxis?

Shaya u-911 ngokushesha uma ucindezela i-anaphylaxis kuwe noma komunye umuntu. Lokhu akuyona isimo ongasiphatha ekhaya noma ulinde ukubona uma siphulukana ngokwalo.

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Isibonelo, uma unezinkinga zesikhumba nezokuphefumula, noma ukugula kanye nokukhathazeka, lokhu kungase kubonise i-anaphylaxis.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zithuthuka ngokwazo, usadinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi i-anaphylaxis ingaba nomoya wesibili wezimpawu okuthiwa ukusabela kwe-biphasic, okungase kwenzeke ngamahora ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kokuqala kubonakale kuphelile.

Ngemva kwanoma yiliphi isigameko se-anaphylactic, uzofuna ukulandela nge-allergist noma udokotela wakho oyinhloko. Bangakusiza ukuthi ubone izimbangela, uthuthukise uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi ubhale imithi yokuphuthumayo yokuvikela kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-anaphylaxis?

Noma ubani angaba ne-anaphylaxis, kodwa izici ezithile zenza abanye abantu babe nomkhuba wokuba naleli kusabela okukhulu. Ukuqonda izinga lakho lokutholakala kungakusiza uhlale ulungile futhi uqaphile.

Unethuba elikhulu le-anaphylaxis uma:

• Unembali yokusabela okukhulu okuhambisana nezinto ezingalimi
• Une-asthma, ikakhulukazi uma ingalawulwa kahle
• Uneminye imizimba ehambisana nezinto ezingalimi njenge-eczema noma i-hay fever
• Unembali yomndeni yokusabela okukhulu okuhambisana nezinto ezingalimi
• Uthatha imithi ethile efana ne-ACE inhibitors noma i-beta-blockers

Iminyaka ingase futhi ibe nendima ekutholeni kwakho ingozi. Ukudla okubangela i-anaphylaxis kuvame kakhulu kubantwana nentsha, kuyilapho ukusabela kwemithi nokutshongwa yizinambuzane kuvame ukubathinta abantu abadala kakhulu.

Ukuba nesici esisodwa sokutholakala akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-anaphylaxis. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingalimi abakaze babe nokusabela okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukwazi ingozi yakho kukusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukudala uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuvimbela nokuphendula isimo sakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-anaphylaxis?

Inhlanganisela ebuhlungu kakhulu ye-anaphylaxis ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic, lapho ukucindezeleka kwegazi lakho kwehla kakhulu kangangokuthi amalunga akho awutholi igazi noksijini eyanele. Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi futhi kungaba yingozi uma kungekho ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Phakathi nokusabela kwe-anaphylactic, inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kakhulu ukuze iphonse igazi emzimbeni wakho. Izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zingase zikhule kangangokuthi ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu. Lezi zinguquko zingabangela ukungazi lutho futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuyeka kokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezinhlanganisela ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ungase ube nokusabela kwe-biphasic, lapho izimpawu zibuyela khona ngamahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-12 ngemuva kwesigameko sokuqala, ngisho noma uzizwe uphilile ngokuphelele. Kungesizathu sokuthi odokotela bavame ukubuka iziguli amahora amaningana ngemuva kokwelapha i-anaphylaxis.

Izinhlanganisela zesikhathi eside azivamile uma i-anaphylaxis iwelashwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, ukusabela okuphindaphindayo ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo ngokutholakala kwezimbangela, okungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.

I-anaphylaxis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukuhlonishwa i-anaphylaxis ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nalokho okwenzekile ngaphambi kokuba ziqale. Ayikho i-test eyodwa engagunyaza i-anaphylaxis ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, ngakho amaqembu ezokwelapha agxila ekuqapheleni iphethini yezimpawu.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ukuthi ubenzeni, ukudla, noma ukutholakala kwamahora ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Bazofuna futhi ukwazi ngembali yakho yezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukusabela okuhambisana nezinto ezingalimi noma izimo ezinjenge-asthma.

Ngemva kokuba isimo esiphuthumayo siphelile, udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze alinganise amazinga e-tryptase. I-Tryptase iyinto ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokusabela okuhambisana nezinto ezingalimi, futhi amazinga aphezulu angasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-anaphylaxis yenzeke. Noma kunjalo, le test ayikho isikhathi sonke ethembekile futhi kumele yenziwe ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokusabela.

Kamuva, cishe uzosebenza ne-allergist ukuze ubone izimbangela ezithile ngokuhlola isikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lezi zivivinyo zokulandelela zisiza ukudala isithombe esicacile sezinto okufanele uzigweme esikhathini esizayo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-anaphylaxis?

I-Epinephrine ukwelashwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kwe-anaphylaxis. Le mithi isebenza ngokushesha ukuze ibuyisele izimpawu ezingozi ngokubopha imithambo yegazi, ukuvula izindlela zokuphefumula, nokunciphisa ukukhula.

Amaqembu ezokwelapha aphuthumayo azokunika i-epinephrine ngokuthi ayithombe, ngokuvamile emsinyeni wakho. Uma uthwala i-epinephrine auto-injector (njenge-EpiPen), sebenzisa ngokushesha uma izimpawu ziqala, bese ushaya u-911 ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile.

Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo kungase kuhlanganise:

• I-oksijini ukusiza ngezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Amanzi e-IV ukuze asekele ukucindezeleka kwegazi
• Ama-antihistamines ukuze anciphisa ukukhahlela ne-hives
• Ama-corticosteroids ukuvimbela ukusabela okulibazisekile
• Imithi yokusekela umsebenzi wenhliziyo uma kudingeka

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu badinga umthamo wesibili we-epinephrine uma izimpawu zingathuthuki noma zibuyele. Kungesizathu sokuthi kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlela ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-auto-injector yakho, njengoba ungase udinga imithamo eyengeziwe noma olunye ukunakekelwa okusekela.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-anaphylaxis ekhaya?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-anaphylaxis ayikwazi ukwelashwa ngokuphephile ekhaya. Noma kunjalo, uma ubhaliwe i-epinephrine auto-injector, ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle kungasindisa impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuba usizo oluphuthumayo lufike.

Gcina i-epinephrine auto-injector yakho nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ayikapheli isikhathi. Funda ukuyisebenzisa kahle futhi ufunde amalungu omndeni noma abangane abaseduze ukuthi bakusize uma kudingeka. Zama nge-trainer device ukuze inqubo ibe yiyona.

Dala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-anaphylaxis nodokotela wakho oluchaza ngokucacile izimbangela zakho, izimpawu okumele uzibheke, nemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Yabelana ngamakopi namalungu omndeni, abangane, othisha, noma osebenza nabo abaqeda isikhathi nawe.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-epinephrine, cindezela phansi ngezinyawo zakho eziphakanyisiwe uma kungenzeka, ngaphandle uma uhlupheka ukuphefumula. Hlala uzolile futhi ulinde usizo oluphuthumayo oluphuthumayo lufike. Ungazami ukuqhuba uqobo uye esibhedlela noma ube nomunye umuntu oqhubayo.

I-anaphylaxis ingavimbeka kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-anaphylaxis ukugwema izimbangela zakho ezaziwayo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukufunda ama-label okudla ngokucophelela, ukubuza ngezithako uma udle ngaphandle, futhi uqaphele imithi emisha noma imikhiqizo.

Uma unezinto ezingalimi zokudla, funda ukuqaphela ezinye izinto ezingezona izingozi futhi uhlale uthwala imithi yokuphuthumayo. Ngezinto ezingalimi zokutshongwa yizinambuzane, gqoka izicathulo ngaphandle, gwema ukugqoka imibala ekhanyayo noma i-perfumes enamandla, futhi uhlale uzolile eduze kwezinambuzane ezitshonga.

Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukudala uhlelo oluphelele lokuvimbela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwe-allergy ukuze ubone izimbangela ezithile, i-immunotherapy yezinye izinto ezingalimi ezinjengezinyosi, noma ukulungiswa kwemithi engase ikhulise ingozi yakho.

Qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu osekusekelweni kwakho uyazi ngezinto ezingalimi zakho nokuthi ungasiza kanjani esimweni esiphuthumayo. Gqoka i-bracelet yokuxwayisa yezokwelapha futhi ugcine ulwazi loxhumano oluphuthumayo olutholakala kalula ocingweni lwakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala phansi konke ongakhumbula ngokusabela kwakho, kufaka phakathi lokho okwakudlile, imithi oyithathile, nemisebenzi oyenzile ngamahora ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Qaphela isikhathi esiqondile izimpawu ezaqala ngaso nokuthi ziqhubeke kanjani.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yonke yamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi ye-over-the-counter kanye ne-supplements. Lungiselela futhi ulwazi ngembali yomndeni wakho yezinto ezingalimi noma izimo ze-autoimmune, njengoba lokhu kungase kube yingxenye yokunakekelwa kwakho.

Cabanga ngemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezithile ongazenza, ukuthi ungazithola kanjani imithi yokuphuthumayo, noma yiziphi izinguquko zokuphila ezingakusiza. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo.

Uma kungenzeka, letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane obonile ukusabela kwakho. Bangase bakhumbule imininingwane oyilahlile noma banikeze umbono ohlukile ngalokho okwenzekile ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo.

Yini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-anaphylaxis?

I-Anaphylaxis yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo nge-epinephrine nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha kwezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba kungase kube ukwesaba, abantu abaningi abamukela ukwelashwa okusheshayo baphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona imiphumela.

Into enamandla kakhulu ongayenza ukufunda ukuqaphela izimpawu futhi uhlale ulungile ngemithi yokuphuthumayo uma usengozini. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingalimi ezinkulu baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele nokusebenza eduze namaqembu abo ezempilo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-anaphylaxis kanye akusho ukuthi uzophinde ube nayo, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ngokungathi sína. Ngokuphathwa okuhle nokulungiselela, ungahamba ngokuzethemba impilo yansuku zonke ngenkathi uhlala uphephile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-anaphylaxis

Ungaba ne-anaphylaxis ngokuzumayo, ngisho noma awukaze ube nezinto ezingalimi ngaphambili?

Yebo, i-anaphylaxis ingenzeka ngisho nakwabantu abangakaze babe nokusabela okuhambisana nezinto ezingalimi ngaphambili. Isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba singathuthukisa ukululama okusha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ekuphileni kwakho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uphawu lokuqala lokungahambisani okukhulu ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic. Kungesizathu sokuthi kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu ukuqaphela izimpawu, hhayi abantu abanezinto ezingalimi ezaziwayo kuphela.

I-anaphylaxis ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ngokuvamile zithuthuka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi okutholakala futhi zingase zihlale amahora amaningana ngisho nokwelashwa. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ngaphakathi kwamaminithi angu-15-30 ngemuva kokuthola i-epinephrine, kodwa ungase udinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze ubukelwe amahora angu-4-8. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nomoya wesibili wezimpawu ngamahora kamuva, kungesizathu sokuthi ukubukwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile kangaka.

Kuphephile yini ukusebenzisa i-EpiPen ephilile esimweni esiphuthumayo?

I-EpiPen ephilile ingcono kunokungabi ne-EpiPen nhlobo ngesikhathi sokusabela okusongela impilo. Nakuba imithi ingase ingabi yona ephumelelayo ngemuva kosuku lokuqeda, isenokunikeza inzuzo ethile esimweni esiphuthumayo. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uhlale uzama ukugcina i-epinephrine auto-injector yakho ihlala iphelele futhi uyishintshe ngaphambi kokuba iphele isikhathi.

Ungakwazi yini ukukhula i-anaphylaxis noma izinto ezingalimi ezinkulu?

Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi abantwana, bangase bakhule izinto ezingalimi zokudla ezazibangela ukusabela okukhulu ngaphambili. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuqinisekisiwe, futhi ezinye izinto ezingalimi zingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi ukhule into engalimi enkulu ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhle nokuqondiswa yi-allergist.

Kufanele wenzeni uma othile enesimiso se-anaphylaxis kodwa engenayo i-EpiPen?

Shaya u-911 ngokushesha futhi ubabulele ukuthi kungase kube ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic. Siza lowo muntu acindezele phansi ngezinyawo eziphakanyisiwe (ngaphandle uma ehlupheka ukuphefumula), khulula izingubo ezinamathelayo, futhi uhlale naye kuze kube usizo olufika. Ungamniki lutho lokudla noma lokusela, futhi ulungele ukwenza i-CPR uma engazi lutho futhi ayeka ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile.