Ukuqonda i-Antisocial Personality Disorder: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) iyisimo sengqondo lapho umuntu ehlale engayinaki amalungelo nomuzwa wabanye. Abantu abanesimo sengqondo esinjalo bavame ukwephula imithetho yomphakathi, benze ngokuphazimayo, futhi bazizwe kunzima ukwakha ubuhlobo beqiniso obusekela ekuzwelani nasekutetsembeni.

Lesi simo sivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni, nakuba izimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala ngesikhathi somntwana noma ebusheni. Nakuba kungaba nzima ukuqonda nokuphatha, ukuqaphela izimpawu kungasiza kokubili abantu kanye nabathandekayo babo ukuthola ukwesekwa nokukhathalelwa okufanele.

Iyini i-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

I-Antisocial personality disorder iyiphethini yesikhathi eside yokucabanga nokuziphatha okwephula amalungelo esiqhelo abanye. Abantu abane-ASPD bavame ukubonakala behlelekile ebusweni, kodwa bahlale benza ngezindlela ezilimazayo noma eziqilimisayo kulabo ababazungezile.

Lesi simo sihamba ngaphezu kokwephula imithetho ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukuziphatha okuphambukayo. Kunalokho, kuhilela ukungayinaki okuqhubekayo kwemikhuba yomphakathi, imithetho, nokuphila kahle kwabanye okuqhubeka ebuntwaneni. Leli phethini ngokuvamile libangela izinkinga ezinkulu ebuhlotsheni, emsebenzini, nasempilweni yansuku zonke.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bacabanga i-ASPD njengengxenye yeqembu elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Cluster B personality disorders. Lezi zimo zihilela yonke imikhuba ephawulekayo, yothando, noma engalindelekile engalimaza ubuhlobo futhi idale inselele eqhubekayo.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Izimpawu ze-ASPD zakha iphethini yokuziphatha eqondakalayo evame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zibangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubalandeli bomndeni, abangane, nabalingani abazizwa kunzima ukuqonda izenzo zomuntu.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongazibona:

• Ukuphula imithetho noma imithetho yomphakathi ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokuzwa unecala
• Ukuqamba amanga njalo noma ukusebenzisa ubuqili bokuqamba amanga abanye
• Ukuziphatha ngokuphazimayo ngaphandle kokucabangela ngemiphumela
• Ukuba nomhawu noma ukulwa ngokomzimba njalo
• Ukubonisa ukungakhathali ngokuphepha komuntu siqu noma ukuphepha kwabanye
• Ukwehluleka ukugcina imisebenzi noma ukuhlangabezana nezikweletu zezezimali njalo
• Ukungabi namodeli ngemuva kokulimaza, ukweba, noma ukuphatha kabi abanye

Lezi ziphatho zakha iphethini lapho umuntu ebonakala engenakufunda eziphumeleni ezimbi. Bangase baqhubeke benza izithembiso abangazigcini noma bacele uxolo ngaphandle kokushintsha izenzo zabo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu wenza amaphutha noma enze ngokuzithanda ngezinye izikhathi. Umehluko oyinhloko nge-ASPD ukuthi lezi ziphatho zenzeka njalo iminyaka eminingi futhi zibangela izinkinga eziqhubekayo ezindaweni eziningi zokuphila.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Imbangela eqondile ye-antisocial personality disorder ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ithuthukiswa yihlanganisela yezinto ezihlobene nezakhiwo, ezokuziphatha, nezingqondo. Ayikho imbangela eyodwa engachaza ukuthi kungani umuntu ethuthukisa lesi simo.

Izinto eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni kwe-ASPD:

• Ukukhethwa kwezakhiwo ezivela kubalandeli bomndeni abanezimo ezifanayo
• Ukulimala kwabantwana, ukuxhashazwa, noma ukunakekelwa okubi kakhulu
• Ukukhula ezindaweni eziyinhlekelele noma ezinobudlova
• Ukulimala ekhanda okuthinta izindawo zobuchopho eziqondisa ukuphazimayo nokuzwelana
• Ukukhulelwa okungalingani noma okunzima ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni
• I-conduct disorder yasekuqaleni engaphathwe ngesikhathi sobuntwana
• Ukuvezwa ekwenzeni ubugebengu noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa emndenini

Izifundo zokuhlola ubuchopho zibonise ukuthi abantu abane-ASPD bangase babe nokuhlukana ezindaweni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzwelana, ukwenza izinqumo, nokulawula ukuphazimayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothuthukisa lesi simo.

Abantu abaningi baba nobuntwana obuzima noma banezinkinga zezakhiwo ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-ASPD. Ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubonakala kuyilokho okuholela kulesi simo.

Nini Okufanele Ubheke Udokotela Nge-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Abantu abane-antisocial personality disorder abavami ukuzifunela usizo ngokwabo ngoba ngokuvamile abakholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwabo kuyinkinga. Noma kunjalo, amalungu omndeni, abangane, noma abalingani bavame ukuwakhuthaza ukuthi bathole usizo lochwepheshe lapho ukuziphatha kuqala ukuphazamisa kakhulu.

Kufanele ucabangele ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe uma ubona lezi ziphethini kuwe noma kumuntu omkhathalelayo. Izinkinga zomthetho, ukuhluleka okuphindaphindayo kobuhlobo, noma ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo emsebenzini kungase kubonise isidingo sokuhlolwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bahlangana nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ngokwelashwa okuyi-court-ordered noma ngenkathi bathola usizo ngezinkinga ezifana nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ukucindezeleka. Lezi zimo zingaba namathuba abalulekile okuxilongwa okufanele nohlelo lokwelashwa.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuziphatha komuntu, khumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukumcindezela ukuba ashintshe noma afune usizo. Noma kunjalo, ungazivikela ngokubeka imingcele ecacile nokuzifunela ukwesekwa ngokwelashwa noma amaqembu wokwesekwa.

Ziyini Izinto Eziyingozi ze-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba okuthuthukisa i-antisocial personality disorder, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothuthukisa lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi nini ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungase kube usizo.

Izinto eziyingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesilisa (i-ASPD ivame kakhulu kumadoda kunabesifazane)
• Ukuba ne-conduct disorder ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma ebusheni
• Ukukhula ebumpofu noma ezimweni zokuphila ezingaqinile
• Ukuba nabazali abane-antisocial personality disorder noma izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
• Ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba, ngokobulili, noma ngokomzwelo njengomntwana
• Ukubona ubudlova noma ukuziphatha kobugebengu njalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka
• Ukuba ne-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) engaphathwe
• Ukuqala ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma utshwala ekuqaleni kweminyaka

Umlando womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba abantwana babazali abane-ASPD banethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa lesi simo. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto ezihlobene nezakhiwo nemiphumela yemvelo.

Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni ngesikhathi sobuntwana ngezinye izikhathi kungasiza ekuqedeni amathuba okuthuthukisa i-ASPD kamuva ekuphileni. Ukufundisa abantwana amakhono okuqondana anempilo nokunikeza izindawo ezinokwesekwa eziqinile kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ziyini Imiphumela Engase Ibe Khona ye-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

I-Antisocial personality disorder ingabangela imiphumela emibi ethinta yonke indawo yokuphila komuntu. Le miphumela ngokuvamile iba mibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa.

Imiphumela evamile ongayibona ihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zomthetho eziphindaphindayo, kufaka phakathi ukuboshwa nokuvalelwa ejele
• Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifaka izinkinga zokuziphatha
• Ukusabela komshado nokulimala kobuhlobo nabantwana
• Ukwehluleka ukugcina umsebenzi ozinzile noma ukuzinza kwezezimali
• Amathuba aphezulu obudlova kwabanye noma ukuba izisulu zobudlova
• Amathuba aphezulu okuzama ukuzibulala noma ukuzilimaza
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka

Umphumela kulabo abathandekayo ungase ube mubi kakhulu. Abantwana babazali abane-ASPD bangase bathuthukise izinkinga zabo zokuziphatha noma izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Abantu abashadile bavame ukuhlupheka ngokuxhashazwa ngokomzwelo nokungaqinile kwezezimali.

Ezimweni ezimbalwa, abantu abane-ASPD enzima bangase bafake izinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezibeka bona nabanye engozini enkulu. Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni nokungenelela kungasiza ekuvimbeni ezinye zeziphumela ezimbi.

I-Antisocial Personality Disorder Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuthola i-antisocial personality disorder kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Ayikho i-test eyodwa engakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ngakho odokotela bathembele ezingxoxweni ezinemininingwane nasekubonweni kwemikhuba yokuziphatha.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihilela izinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ingxoxo ebanzi yokwelashwa ukuqonda umlando wakho siqu, ubuhlobo, kanye nezimpawu zakho zamanje. Bazokuphuthuma ngokuziphatha kwabantwana, izinkinga zomthetho, nokuthi uhlangana kanjani nabanye.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basebenzisa izindinganiso ezithile ezivela ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukuze benze ukuxilongwa. Umuntu kufanele abe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala noma ngaphezulu futhi abonise ubufakazi be-conduct disorder ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-15.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi asebenzise izivivinyo zezengqondo noma imibuzo ukuqonda kangcono iziphethini zakho zokuziphatha nokuqeda ezinye izimo. Bangase bakhulume namalungu omndeni noma abangane abaseduze ukuthola isithombe esiphelele sokuziphatha kwakho ezimweni ezahlukene.

Inqubo yokuhlola ingathatha izikhathi eziningi ukuze iphelelwe kahle. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu kubalulekile ngoba i-ASPD ngezinye izikhathi ingadideka nezinye izimo zokuziphatha noma izimo zempilo yengqondo ezidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene.

Iyini Indlela Yokwelapha i-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Ukwelapha i-antisocial personality disorder kunzima ngoba abantu abanesimo sengqondo esinjalo ngokuvamile abakholelwa ukuthi badinga usizo noma bafuna ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwabo. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasiza abanye abantu ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqondana kangcono nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okonakalayo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kakhulu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• I-cognitive-behavioral therapy ukusiza ekuqondeni nasekushintsheni izindlela zokucabanga ezinonya
• I-Dialectical behavior therapy ukuthuthukisa ukulawula imizwa namakhono okuhlangana
• Izikhathi zokwelashwa kweqembu nabanye abasebenza ezintweni ezifanayo
• Ukwelashwa komndeni ukuqondana nezinkinga zobuhlobo nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana
• Izinhlelo zokulawula intukuthelo ukuqeda ukuziphatha okunonya
• Ukwelashwa kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa uma ukulutha kukhona

Imithi ayigunyaziwe ngokukhethekile ukwelapha i-ASPD, kodwa odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bayayibhalela ukusizana nezimpawu ezihlobene. I-antidepressants ingasiza ngezinkinga zomoya, kanti i-mood stabilizers inganciphisa ukuziphatha okuphazimayo.

Ukwelashwa kusebenza kangcono lapho umuntu efisa ngempela ukushintsha futhi ahlanganyele ngokusebenzayo ekuwelapheni. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abane-ASPD bayeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha noma bahlanganyele kuphela ngenxa yezimfuneko zomthetho.

I-prognosis ihlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bangafunda ukulawula izimpawu zabo kangcono nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okonakalayo, kanti abanye baqhubeka belwa kulo lonke impilo yabo naphezu kwamandla okwelashwa.

Indlela Yokunakekela Wena Uma Uhlangana ne-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Uma uhlala nomuntu onayo i-antisocial personality disorder noma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nayo, ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo nomzimba kuba yinto ebalulekile. Amasu okunakekela wena ngokwakho angakusiza ukuba ubhekane nezinselele ezidalwa yilesi simo.

Kubalandeli bomndeni nabathandekayo, ukubekwa kwemingcele ecacile kubalulekile ngenxa yempilo yakho siqu. Ungavumeli ukuziphatha okonakalayo ngokwenza izaba noma ufihle imiphumela. Kunalokho, gxila ekuzivikeleni ngokomzwelo nangokwezezimali.

Uma usebenza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ASPD ngokwakho, ukuthuthukisa imikhuba enempilo kungakusiza ukuba ube nomoya oqinile. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukulala okwanele, nokugwema izidakamizwa notshwala kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho yengqondo jikelele namakhono okuthatha izinqumo.

Cabanga ukujoyina amaqembu wokwesekwa lapho ungaxhumana khona nabanye ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-ASPD noma uthanda umuntu onayo, ukukhuluma nabantu abaqonda isimo sakho kungakunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ngokomzwelo nezeluleko eziwusizo.

Khumbula ukuthi ushintsho lwenzeka ngesikhathi nokuzama okuqhubekayo. Gubha ukuthuthuka okuncane futhi ungadangali ngokwehluleka, okuyingxenye evamile yenqubo yokutakula.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Udokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nohlelo lokwelashwa olusebenza kahle. Ukufika ulungile ngolwazi olufanele kuzosisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokucacile.

Ngaphambi kokubuka kwakho, bhala izibonelo ezithile zokuziphatha okukhathazayo nokuthi zenzeka nini. Faka imininingwane mayelana nobuhlobo, izinkinga zomsebenzi, izinkinga zomthetho, nanoma yiziphi iziphethini ozibonile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinye izinto. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nomlando wempilo yengqondo yomndeni wakho, njengoba lokhu kungakunikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zodokotela wakho.

Cabanga ukucela umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuba liye nawe uma kungenzeka. Bangase baphawule izinto oziphuthelwe noma basize ukunikeza umbono owengeziwe ngeziphethini zakho zokuziphatha.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo yokubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuxilongwa, izindlela zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ukuqhubeka. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi okuthile.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana ne-Antisocial Personality Disorder?

I-Antisocial personality disorder iyisimo esinzima sempilo yengqondo esithinta indlela umuntu acabanga ngayo futhi ahlangane ngayo nabanye abantu. Nakuba kungaba nzima ukuwelapha, ukuqonda lesi simo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola usizo nokusekelwa okufanele.

Uma ukhathazekile nguwe noma umuntu omthandayo, khumbula ukuthi usizo lochwepheshe luyatholakala. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangakunikeza ukuxilongwa okuchane kanye nokulungiselela izinhlelo zokwelapha ezilungele izidingo nezimo zomuntu.

Kubalandeli bomndeni nabathandekayo, ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokusekela umuntu onayo i-ASPD. Ukubekwa kwemingcele, ukufuna ukwelashwa kwakho, nokuhlangana namaqembu wokwesekwa kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nalezi zimo ezinzima.

Nakuba umbono we-ASPD ungase ube nzima, abanye abantu bafunda ukulawula izimpawu zabo kangcono ngokwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokuzimisela okuqondile kokushintsha. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthuthuka.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Antisocial Personality Disorder

Ingayelashwa yini i-antisocial personality disorder?

Ayikho impilo ye-antisocial personality disorder, kodwa izimpawu zingalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Abanye abantu bafunda ukulawula ukuphazimayo kwabo kangcono futhi bathuthukise ubuhlobo obunempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ikhona ukufumana ihlanganisela efanele yezindlela zokwelapha nokuzimisela okuqondile kokushintsha ukuziphatha okonakalayo.

Ingabe i-antisocial personality disorder ifana nokuthi ungumuntu ongenamodeli noma i-psychopath?

Lezi zibizo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokulingana ezingxoxweni, kodwa ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa "i-antisocial personality disorder" njengokuxilongwa okusemthethweni. I-Psychopathy ne-sociopathy yizibizo ezingasetshenziswanga ngokusemthethweni ezichaza iziphethini ezifanayo zokuziphatha kodwa azilona ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha okusemthethweni. I-ASPD iyisimo sezempilo esiqinisekisiwe esiqondisa lezi ziphethini zokuziphatha.

Ingabe abantwana bangaxilongwa nge-antisocial personality disorder?

Cha, abantwana abanakuxilongwa nge-antisocial personality disorder ngoba izimo zokuziphatha zixilongwa kuphela kubantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, abantwana bangaxilongwa nge-conduct disorder, ehilela ukuziphatha okufanayo futhi ngokuvamile kuqala i-ASPD ebuntwaneni. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kwe-conduct disorder kungasiza ekuvimbeni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ASPD kamuva ekuphileni.

Ivamile kangakanani i-antisocial personality disorder?

I-Antisocial personality disorder ithonya cishe u-1-4% wabantu jikelele, okwenza ibe yinto engavamile. Ivame kakhulu ukuxilongwa kumadoda kunabesifazane, ngezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ithonya amadoda kakhulu kaningana. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nakubantu abanesimo sezomnotho esisezindaweni eziphansi, nakuba singase senzeke kunoma yiliphi iqembu labantu.

Ingabe umuntu onayo i-antisocial personality disorder angaba nobuhlobo obuphumelelayo?

Nakuba kunzima, abanye abantu abane-ASPD bangathuthukisa ubuhlobo obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokuzimisela okuqondile kokushintsha. Noma kunjalo, ubuhlobo babo ngokuvamile budinga umsebenzi owengeziwe nokuqonda kubalingani. Abantu abaningi abane-ASPD balwa nokuzwelana nokuthanda ngokomzwelo, okwenza ukugcina ubuhlobo obuseduze kube nzima ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kochwepheshe.