Ukuvalelwa kwe-Aortic? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuvalelwa kwe-aortic kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho ye-aortic yenhliziyo ihlala incinci futhi iqine, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze enhliziyweni yakho kuya ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Cabanga ngalo njengomnyango ohlala uvulekile ngengxenye – inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima kakhulu ukususa igazi ngalolu vulekile oluncinyane.

Lesi simo sihlupha izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele futhi sivame ukuthuthuka kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhathaza, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho kungakusiza uzizwe ukhulu ngokuphatha lesi simo kanye neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Iyini i-Aortic Stenosis?

I-Aortic stenosis yisifo se-valve yenhliziyo lapho i-valve yakho ye-aortic ingavuleki ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo ngayinye. I-valve ye-aortic ihlala phakathi kwegumbi elikhulu lokupompa lenhliziyo yakho kanye ne-artery enkulu yomzimba wakho, ilawula ukugeleza kwegazi liphuma enhliziyweni yakho.

Lapho le valve ihlala incinci, isikhumba senhliziyo yakho kufanele sisebenze kanzima ukupompa inani elifanayo legazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo msebenzi owengeziwe ungabangela isikhumba senhliziyo yakho siqine futhi ekugcineni sibuthakathaka. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okufanele nokubhekwa.

Lesi simo sivame ukuthuthuka kancane, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi. Abantu abaningi abaziboni izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile nodokotela wakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izinguquko kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Aortic Stenosis?

Into enzima mayelana ne-aortic stenosis iwukuthi ungase ungaboni zimpawu iminyaka eminingi ngenkathi isimo sihlala silula kuya kwesilinganiselayo. Ukumelana komzimba wakho kukuhle kakhulu ekumelana nezinguquko ezihamba kancane, ngakho izimpawu zivame ukuvela lapho ukuhlala kuncinci kuba kubi kakhulu.

Lapho izimpawu ziveleka, zivame ukufaka:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezela esifubeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuqina kokuphefumula ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ngisho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngokungavamile
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuma ngokushesha
• Ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile

Abanye abantu nabo baphawula ukukhula ezinzwini zabo noma ezinyaweni, okwenzeka lapho inhliziyo iluma ukupompa ngokuphumelelayo. Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu esifubeni, ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo, noma ukuqina kokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukuthintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Aortic Stenosis?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-aortic stenosis ngokusekelwe ekutheni ukuhlala kuncinci kube kubi kangakanani. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kungakusiza wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele nokuthi ukwelashwa kudingeka ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• I-aortic stenosis elula: Ukuvulwa kwe-valve kuncishisiwe kancane, kodwa cishe ngeke ube nazimpawu
• I-aortic stenosis ephakathi nendawo: Ukuvulwa kunqunywe kakhulu, futhi ungase uqale ukubona izimpawu ngesikhathi somsebenzi onzima
• I-aortic stenosis ebuhlungu: Ukuvulwa kwe-valve kunqunywe kakhulu, futhi izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• I-aortic stenosis ebuhlungu kakhulu: Lona yisigaba esiphambili kakhulu, lapho izimpawu zingase zivele ngisho nasekuphumuleni

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-echocardiograms ukulinganisa ukuthi i-valve yakho inqunywe kangakanani. Lokhu kubasiza bancoma indlela yokwelapha efanele nesheduli yokubhekwa yesimo sakho esithile.

Iyini Imbangela ye-Aortic Stenosis?

I-Aortic stenosis ithuthuka ngezizathu ezahlukene kuye ngobudala bakho nomlando wakho wezempilo. Imbangela evamile kubantu abadala ngumkhuba wokuguga, lapho ama-calcium deposits aqala ukwakheka kwi-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko ababona odokotela:

• I-calcification ehlobene nobudala: Ama-calcium deposits aqoqana kuma-valve leaflets njengoba ukhula, awenza abe qine futhi abe mncinci
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungokuzalwa: Abanye abantu bazalwa ne-aortic valves ezingavamile ezinokuthambekela ekubeni nezinkinga
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-rheumatic: Nakuba kungavamile namuhla, lokhu kuvuvukala kwabantwana kungalimaza ama-valve enhliziyo kamuva ekuphileni
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla: Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla wesifuba ngaphambili ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta umsebenzi we-valve eminyakeni eminingi kamuva

Ezimweni ezingavamile, izimo ezithile ze-genetic, isifo sezinso, noma izifo ze-autoimmune zingase zifake isandla ezinkingeni ze-valve. Udokotela wakho angakusiza aqonde ukuthi yini engase iholele esimweni sakho esithile, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi imbangela eqondile ayicaci.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Aortic Stenosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezingase zibonise i-aortic stenosis, ikakhulukazi uma ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho yempilo yesikhathi eside.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezela esifubeni obuza ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuqina kokuphefumula okungachazeki ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo
• Ukuqina okungavamile okungapheli ngokuphumula
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma ezinyaweni

Shaya ucingo ucele usizo oluphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo ngokushesha, noma ukuqina okukhulu kokuphefumula. Lokhu kungase kube izimpawu zokuthi isimo sakho sidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho noma ungenazimpawu, khuluma nganoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okuvamile. Bangase bancome ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukuthola izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Aortic Stenosis?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-aortic stenosis, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzoba naleli simo ngokuqinisekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho nihlale nixwayile ngezimpawu zokuqala.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zifaka:

• Ubudala obukhulu: Ingozi iyanda kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, ikakhulukazi kumadoda
• Ukuncipha kwegazi okuphezulu: Lokhu kubekela ukucindezela okwengeziwe kuma-valve enhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ingase ifake isandla ekuqokeleleni kwe-calcium kuma-valve leaflets
• I-diabetes: Ingasheshisa ukubola kwe-valve
• Ukubhema: Kulimaza imithambo yegazi futhi kungathinta impilo ye-valve
• Isifo sezinso esingapheli: Sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungalingani kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nengozi ephezulu ngenxa yezinto abangazilawuli, njengokuzalwa ne-aortic valve ye-bicuspid (ukuba nama-leaflets amabili esikhundleni sezintathu) noma ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo se-valve. Amadoda avame ukuthola i-aortic stenosis kuneabesifazane, nakuba abesifazane bangathinteka ngokuqinisekile.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Nge-Aortic Stenosis?

Nakuba i-aortic stenosis ivame ukuqhubeka kancane, ukuyishiya ingaphathwa uma ibuhlungu kakhulu kungabangela izingozi ezinkulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubhekwa okufanele nokwelashwa, izingozi eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle.

Izingozi ezingase zivele zifaka:

• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo: Lapho isikhumba senhliziyo yakho sibuthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile
• Izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingavamile: Isikumba senhliziyo esicindezelekile singase sibe nezindlela zombane ezingavamile
• Ama-blood clots: Ukugeleza kwegazi okubi kungase kukhulise ingozi yokugqwala
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha: Nakuba kunqabile, yingakho izimpawu ezinkulu zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo
• I-stroke: Ngokuvamile kuhlobene nezindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingavamile noma ama-blood clots

Lezi zingozi zizwakala zesabekisa, kodwa khumbula ukuthi zivame ukuvela kuphela lapho i-aortic stenosis ebuhlungu ingaphathwa. Ukulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kusiza kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko zitholakala futhi ziphathwe ngaphambi kokuthi izingozi zivele.

I-Aortic Stenosis Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-aortic stenosis ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho olalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Balalele uhlobo oluthile lomculo wenhliziyo olungabonisa izinkinga ze-valve.

Uma udokotela wakho ekrotha i-aortic stenosis, cishe uzoyala i-echocardiogram kuqala. Lo mviwo we-ultrasound ongenazinkinga udala izithombe ezihamba zenhliziyo yakho, ebonisa ukuthi i-valve yakho ivuleka futhi ivala kangcono kangakanani. Yilona ivivinyo eliyinhloko lokuhlola umsebenzi we-valve.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zifake:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Ihlola umsebenzi wombane wenhliziyo yakho
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ibonisa usayizi wenhliziyo yakho nanoma yiluphi ukwakheka kwamanzi
• I-Cardiac catheterization: Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuthola ukulinganiswa kokucindezela okuningiliziwe
• I-CT scan: Inganikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yesakhiwo se-valve yakho
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela: Kuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emsebenzini womzimba

Ungakhathazeki uma udokotela wakho eyalela izivivinyo eziningi. Ngamunye unikeza ulwazi oluhlukile olusiza ekwakheni isithombe esiphelele sempilo yakho yenhliziyo futhi luqondise indlela yokwelapha efanele kuwe.

Iyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Aortic Stenosis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-aortic stenosis kuncike ekutheni isimo sakho sibuhlungu kangakanani nokuthi uhlangabezana yini nazimpawu. Ezimweni ezilula, ukubhekwa okucophelelayo kungase kube yikho konke okudingekayo ekuqaleni.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungase lufake:

• Ukubhekwa okuvamile: I-echocardiograms eziqondile ukuqapha ukuqhubeka
• Imithi: Ukulawula izimpawu nokukhuthaza inhliziyo yakho
• Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-valve: Ukwelashwa okuqinile kwezimo ezinkulu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve nge-Transcatheter (TAVR): Inketho engathinti kakhulu kubanye abantu
• I-Balloon valvuloplasty: Ayisetshenziswa kancane, ikakhulu njengendlela yesikhashana

Nge-aortic stenosis ebuhlungu kakhulu enezimpawu, ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-valve kuvame ukunconywa. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, kodwa lezi zinqubo zinezinga elihle lempumelelo futhi zingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Iqembu lakho lenhliziyo lizoxoxa ngendlela efanele yesimo sakho esithile.

Ukuthi akufanele ulinde isikhathi eside uma izimpawu ziveleka. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi lapho usenempilo ehle kakhulu kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kunekulinda kuze kube yilapho inhliziyo yakho yonakele kakhulu.

Indlela Yokuphatha Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya Ngesikhathi Se-Aortic Stenosis?

Nakuba ayikho indlela yokubuyisela i-aortic stenosis ngokuguqula indlela yokuphila kuphela, ukunakekela kahle wena kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuqhubeka nokukugcina uzizwa kahle. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza inhliziyo yakho ukusekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Nanku ongakwenza ekhaya:

• Thatha imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba iyalwe: Ungaphuthi izilinganiso noma uyeke ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho
• Qapha isisindo sakho nsuku zonke: Ukuthuthuka kwesisindo ngokushesha kungase kubonise ukugcinwa kwamanzi
• Hlala usebenzile ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiliphi izinga lomsebenzi womzimba olukhulu kuwe
• Dla ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo: Gxila ezithelo, imifino, ama-grains aphelele, namaprotheni alula
• Nciphisa ukudla okune-sodium: Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeni ukugcinwa kwamanzi futhi kunciphisa ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho
• Gwema ukubhema futhi nciphisa utshwala: Kokubili kungenza izinkinga zenhliziyo zibe zimbi

Qaphela ukuthi uzizwa kanjani usuku nosuku. Gcina irekhodi elilula lazo zonke izimpawu ezifana nokuqina kokuphefumula, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukuqina okungavamile. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho alandelele ukuthi isimo sakho siqhubeka kanjani.

Ungangabazi ukuthintana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uqaphela izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziya zibe zimbi. Kuhlale kungcono ukuhlola futhi uqinisekiswe kunokukhathazeka ngokuthula.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuvakasha Kwakho Kudoctor?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kusiza kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ukulungiselela kancane kungakusiza uzizwe ukhulu futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho zixazululwe.

Ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho:

• Bhala izimpawu zakho: Faka lapho ziveleka khona nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
• Bala yonke imithi: Faka imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, kanye nezinye izithasiselo
• Lungiselela imibuzo yakho: Yibhale phansi ukuze ungayikhohlwa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha
• Letha umuntu okusekelayo: Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo
• Butha amarekhodi akho ezempilo: Ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambili noma izifundo zokufanekisa

Imibuzo emihle yokubuza ifaka: Ubuhlungu kangakanani i-aortic stenosis yami? Kufanele ngibe nezivivinyo zokulandelela kangaki? Yiziphi izimpawu engizibheka? Ingabe kunemisebenzi engingayigwema? Ngingase ngidinga nini ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve?

Khumbula, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana ne-Aortic Stenosis?

I-Aortic stenosis yisimo esilawuleka uma itholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ibonwe kahle. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza ekuqaleni, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa namuhla kunomphumela kakhulu futhi akunathinti kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina uxhumano oluvamile neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi ungawagcini izimpawu uma ziveleka. Abantu abaningi abane-aortic stenosis baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa.

Gxila kulokho ongakulawula: ukuthatha imithi njengoba iyalwe, ukuhlala usebenzile ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, ukudla kahle, nokugcina izivivinyo zakho zokulandelela. Inhliziyo yakho iye yasebenza kanzima kuwe impilo yakho yonke, manje sekuyisikhathi sokunikeza ukwesekwa okudingayo.

Themba iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, hlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, futhi ungangabazi ukuthintana uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Awuwedwa ekulawuleni lesi simo, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, umbono wakho ungaba omuhle kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Aortic Stenosis

Ingase iphiliswe ngokuphelele i-aortic stenosis?

I-Aortic stenosis ayikwazi ukupheliswa ngemithi, kodwa ingaphathwa kahle ngokuhlinzwa kokufaka i-valve noma izinqubo ze-TAVR. Lokhu ukwelashwa kungase kubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Nakuba i-valve yemvelo ingafani ne-valve yakho yokuqala enempilo, abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile.

I-aortic stenosis iqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-Aortic stenosis ivame ukuqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kodwa izinga liyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu bangase babe ne-stenosis elula ehlala iqinile iminyaka eminingi, ngenkathi abanye bengase babone ukuqhubeka okusheshayo. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela isimo sakho nge-echocardiograms eziqondile ukuqapha noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokufanele.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca nge-aortic stenosis?

Ukuphepha komsebenzi womzimba kuncike ekutheni i-aortic stenosis yakho ibuhlungu kangakanani nokuthi unezimpawu yini. Abantu abane-stenosis elula ngokuvamile bangazivocavoca ngokuvamile, ngenkathi labo abane-stenosis ephakathi nendawo kuya kwesibi kakhulu bangase badinge ukulinganisela imisebenzi enkulu. Udokotela wakho anganikeza imiyalo ethile yokuzivocavoca ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile futhi angase ancome ukuhlolwa kokucindezela komsebenzi womzimba ukuze aqonde amazinga omsebenzi ophephile.

Ngingase ngidinga ukusebenzisa ama-blood thinners ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-valve?

Ukuthi udinga yini ama-blood thinners ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-valve kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-valve oyitholayo. Ama-valve emishini adinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-blood thinner, ngenkathi ama-valve ezinhlanzi ngokuvamile awadingi ama-blood thinners esikhathi eside ngaphandle uma unezinye izimo ezifana ne-atrial fibrillation. Iqembu lakho lenhliziyo lizoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi zohlobo ngalunye lwe-valve ukuze likusize wenze isinqumo esifanele ngendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ingase yenze ukufa ngokushesha i-aortic stenosis?

Nakuba ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha kungase kwenzeke nge-aortic stenosis ebuhlungu engaphathwa, kunqabile futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuphela lapho abantu bengawagcini izimpawu ezinkulu isikhathi eside. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uthola ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo, noma ukuqina okukhulu kokuphefumula. Ngokubhekwa okufanele nokwelashwa ngesikhathi, ingozi yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha incinci kakhulu.