Ubuhlungu be-Aortic Valve: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu be-aortic valve kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho ye-aortic yenhliziyo ingasebenzi kahle, kuchaphazela indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni yakho kuya ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Le valve isebenza njengomnyango ongaluhlu olulodwa phakathi kwegumbi elikhulu lokupompa lenhliziyo yakho kanye ne-artery enkulu kunazo zonke zomzimba wakho, i-aorta.

Cabanga nge-valve yakho ye-aortic njengomlindi obalulekile ovula futhi avikele cishe izikhathi eziyi-100,000 ngosuku. Uma iphilile, ivula kabanzi ukuvumela igazi elicebile nge-oksijini ligeleze kuya emzimbeni wakho, bese livala ngokuqinile ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingabuyele emuva enhliziyweni yakho.

Iyini i-Aortic Valve Disease?

Ubuhlungu be-aortic valve iyibizo elihlanganisa izinkinga ezichaphazela i-valve yakho ye-aortic yenhliziyo. I-valve ingaba ngeyobukhulu (stenosis) noma ibe yileyo ephuma (regurgitation), futhi ngezinye izikhathi zombili izimo zingaba khona ndawonye.

I-valve yakho ye-aortic inama-leaflets amathathu avula futhi avikele ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele nokubetha kwenhliziyo. Uma la ma-leaflets ebaqine, e-calcified, noma elimazeke, awukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu kuphoqa inhliziyo yakho ukuba isebenze nzima ukuze ipompe igazi kulo lonke umzimba wakho.

Isimo singathuthuka kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kungakho abanye abantu bengabona izimpawu ngokushesha. Inhliziyo yakho ilungile kakhulu ekulungiseni izinguquko ezihamba kancane, kodwa ekugcineni, ingase ihlupheke ukugcina umsebenzi owengeziwe.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Aortic Valve Disease?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-aortic valve disease, nokuqonda umehluko kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini engase ibe yenzeka enhliziyweni yakho.

I-Aortic stenosis kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho iba ngeyobukhulu futhi iqine, okwenza kube nzima igazi ukuthi ligeleze enhliziyweni yakho. Ukuvulwa kwe-valve kuba mncinci, njengokuzama ukuphuza ngesitayela esicindezelwe. Lokhu kuphoqa umsipha wenhliziyo yakho ukuba usebenze nzima kakhulu ukuze uqhube igazi ngokuvulwa okuncane.

I-Aortic regurgitation kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho ingavali kahle, ivumela igazi ukuthi liphume emuva enhliziyweni yakho. Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka phambili ukondla umzimba wakho, igazi elithile ligeleza emuva ngokubetha kwenhliziyo ngayinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho kufanele ipompe igazi elengeziwe ukwenza kube yilokho okuphemayo emuva.

Abanye abantu bangaba zombili izimo ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuthiwa yi-mixed aortic valve disease. Inhliziyo yakho bese ibhekene nenselele yokuphoqa igazi ngokuvulwa okuncane ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlushwa igazi eliphemayo emuva.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Aortic Valve Disease?

Abantu abaningi abane-aortic valve disease ephansi abanawo noma yiziphi izimpawu ekuqaleni. Inhliziyo yakho iyakwazi ukuziqondisa futhi ingakwazi ukubuyisela izinkinga ze-valve iminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi ubone noma yini ehlukile.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuthuthuka kancane futhi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuqina komoya ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ngisho nalapho ukhona
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngokweqile ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukuzizwa uthukuthele, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuma ngokushesha
• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo noma ukubetha kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukuvuvukala ezinzwini zakho, ezinzwaneni, noma emilenzeni

Abanye abantu baphawula ukuthi abakwazi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi noma ukuhamba kude njengoba babekade benza ngaphandle kokuphefumula. Abanye bathola ukuthi imisebenzi ababeyijabulela, njengokulima noma ukudlala nabazukulu, bayashiya bekhuthele.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, isilwane sokuqala singaba ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu noma ukuthukuthela ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba. Nakuba kungavamile, lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha njengoba zingabonisa ubuhlungu be-valve obukhulu.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Aortic Valve Disease?

Ubuhlungu be-aortic valve bungathuthuka ngezimbangela eziningana ezahlukene, kusukela ekuqaleni kwemvelo kuya ezimweni ozalwa nazo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase ibe yenzeke ku-valve yakho kungasiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho.

Izimbangela ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina komzimba okuhlobene nobudala: Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ama-calcium deposits angakha kuma-valve leaflets akho, awenze aqine futhi abe ngeyobukhulu
• I-Bicuspid aortic valve: Abanye abantu bazalwa ne-valve enama-leaflets amabili esikhundleni samathathu, okwenza kube lula ukuba nezingqinamba
• Ubuhlungu benhliziyo lwe-Rheumatic: Ubuhlungu be-rheumatic obudlule bungalimaza i-valve futhi buyonakalise
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Iminyaka yokucindezeleka okuphezulu ingacindezela futhi yonakalise i-valve yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial kwenhliziyo (endocarditis) kungalimaza ithishu le-valve

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izifo ze-autoimmune njenge-lupus, ukwelashwa ngomgqomo kwindawo yesifuba, noma imithi ethile. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinkinga ze-valve ngemuva kokuba nezinqubo zenhliziyo noma ukuhlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela eqondile ayicaci, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuhlungu be-valve buthuthuka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kunokuthi uqonde ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonisa izinkinga zenhliziyo, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenamandla ekuqaleni. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokugcinwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho yempilo yesikhathi eside.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela ukuqina komoya okuqhubekayo, ukungakhululeki kwesifuba ngesikhathi semisebenzi, noma ukukhathala okungavamile okungaphuli ngokuphumula. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane kangangokuba awuqondi ukuthi amazinga akho omsebenzi wehle kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Shaya ucingo lokunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu, ukuqina komoya ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuphumula, noma izigameko zokuthukuthela. Nakuba lezi zimpawu ezinzima zingavamile, zingabonisa ukuthi ubuhlungu bakho be-valve buthuthukile kakhulu futhi budinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, ukuhlola okuvamile kubalulekile uma unezingozi ezifana nomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo noma i-valve ebizwa ngokuthi yi-bicuspid. Udokotela wakho angagcina impilo yakho yenhliziyo futhi abambe izinkinga ezingase zivele ngaphambi kokuthi izimpawu zivele.

Ziyini Izingozi ze-Aortic Valve Disease?

Izici eziningana zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ubuhlungu be-aortic valve, nakuba ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile isimo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nilandele impilo yakho yenhliziyo eduze.

Izingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaningi abane-aortic stenosis baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65, njengoba ukwakheka kwe-calcium kukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ubulili bobudoda: Amadoda avame ukuthuthukisa i-aortic stenosis kuneabesifazane
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqhubekayo lubekela uxinzelelo olwengeziwe kuma-valve enhliziyo yakho
• I-cholesterol ephakeme: Ingase ihlanganyele ekwakheni ama-calcium deposits kuma-valve leaflets
• I-Diabetes: Ingasheshisa inqubo yokwakheka kwe-calcium kuma-valve enhliziyo
• Ukubhema: Kulimaza imithambo yegazi futhi kungase kuchaphazele impilo ye-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Umlando womndeni: Izici ze-genetic zingenza izinkinga ze-valve zibe lula

Ezinye izingozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukwelashwa ngomgqomo kwangaphambili kwesifuba, izimo ezithile ze-autoimmune, nesifo sezinso. Ukuba ne-aortic valve ye-bicuspid kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho njengoba lesi sakhiwo se-valve esingavamile silula ukuba nezingqinamba.

Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezingozi abazithuthukisi ubuhlungu be-valve obukhulu, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezicacile bayenza. Ukugcinwa okuvamile kwempilo yenhliziyo kuwusizo kungakhathaliseki iphrofayili yakho yezingozi.

Ziyini Izinhlungu Ezingase Zivele Ngobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve?

Uma ubuhlungu be-aortic valve bungaphathwa noma bube bubi, bungase buhole ezinhlungwini ezinkulu ezichaphazela ikhono lenhliziyo yakho lokupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zivele kugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukugcinwa okufanele nokwelashwa kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinhlungu ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Umusipha wenhliziyo yakho ukhula futhi ubuthakathaka ngokusebenza nzima kakhulu
• Izinkinga zokubetha kwenhliziyo: Ukubetha kwenhliziyo okungavamile okungabangela ukubetha kwenhliziyo noma ukukhungatheka
• Ama-blood clots: Angakha lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuba yingxube-xube nge-valve eyonakele
• I-Stroke: Ingase ibe khona uma ama-blood clots ehamba enhliziyweni yakho kuya ebuchosheni bakho
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha: Ingozi engavamile kodwa ebukhulu ezimweni ezinkulu, ezingaphathwanga

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuyinkinga evamile kakhulu, evela lapho inhliziyo yakho ingasakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo naphezu kokusebenza nzima kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba igazi libuyele emaphashini nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-aortic stenosis enkulu ingabangela ukuwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba. Kungakho abantu abane-valve disease enkulu bavame ukucelwa ukuba bagweme imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho isimo sabo siphathwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlungu eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi.

Ubuhlungu be-Aortic Valve Buhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kobuhlungu be-aortic valve kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho olalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile. Izinkinga eziningi ze-valve zenza imisindo ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-murmurs abaphathi bezempilo abaqeqeshwe abangayithola.

Uma udokotela wakho enesibopho sobuhlungu be-valve, cishe uzokukhipha i-echocardiogram, okuyivivimo le-ultrasound elingenamthondo lenhliziyo yakho. Le nqubo inikeza izithombe eziningi ze-valve leaflets yakho futhi ibonisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kangakanani enhliziyweni yakho.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola izinkinga zokubetha kwenhliziyo, ama-X-rays esifuba ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ikhulu kangakanani, nezivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukudweba isithombe esiphelele sokuthi ubuhlungu bakho be-valve bungase buchaphazele kanjani inhliziyo yakho.

Kwabanye abantu, odokotela bangase bancome ukuhlolwa kokucindezela ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emsebenzini womzimba, noma i-cardiac catheterization ukuthola ulwazi oluningi ngemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo yakho nokucindezela.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve?

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu be-aortic valve kuncike ekuthini isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani nokuthi uhlangabezana yini nezimpawu. Abantu abaningi abane-valve disease ephansi bangagcinwa njalo ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ngobuhlungu obuphansi kuya kokuphakathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma ukugcinwa okuvamile nge-echocardiograms yonke imizuzwana eyi-6 kuya kweyi-12. Le ndlela yokulinda ikuvumela iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuba lilandele noma yiziphi izinguquko emsebenzini we-valve yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nezinhlungu, nakuba ingalungisi i-valve ngokwayo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuvimbela ama-blood clots, noma ukulawula izinkinga zokubetha kwenhliziyo.

Uma ubuhlungu be-valve bukhulu noma bubangela izimpawu ezinkulu, izinketho zokuhlinzwa ziyadingeka. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa yi-valve repair (ukulungisa i-valve yakho ekhona) noma i-valve replacement (ukufaka i-valve entsha yemishini).

Kwabantu abasezingozini eziphezulu zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, kunezindlela ezintsha, ezingenasici ezikhona. I-Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) ivumela odokotela ukuba bashintshe i-valve yakho ngokusika okuncane, ngokuvamile emilenzeni yakho.

Indlela Yokunakekela Wena Ngobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve?

Ukukhathalela kahle wena uma une-aortic valve disease kungakusiza uzizwe ukhulu futhi kungase kucolise ukuqhubeka kwesimo sakho. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho yonke yenhliziyo.

Gxilisa ekuziloleni impilo enempilo yenhliziyo njengokudla ukudla okuqondile okugcwele izithelo, imifino, nama-grains aphelele ngenkathi ugcina i-sodium namafutha agcwele.

Thatha yonke imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshwe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Gcina ulandelela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko endleleni ozizwa ngayo, futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungase kuchaphazele inhliziyo yakho. Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle, welaphe izikhumba neziqongo ngokushesha, futhi uqaphele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kwanoma yiziphi izinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi udinga yini ama-antibiotics.

Hlala ubuyekeza ngemihlangano yakho yezokwelapha evamile nezivivinyo zokugcina inhliziyo. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela wakho ukuba alandele isimo sakho futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Umyalelo Wakho Nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umhlangano wakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi olulodwa olulodwa mayelana nobuhlungu bakho be-aortic valve.

Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Yiba ocacile ngemisebenzi ebonisa izimpawu njengokuqina komoya noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlole ubukhulu besimo sakho.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izongezo, namavithamini owaqaphela, kufaka phakathi imithamo. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nomlando wempilo yenhliziyo yomndeni wakho, njengoba izici ze-genetic zingase zichaphazele ubuhlungu be-valve.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukubuza ngohlobo lwakho oluthile lobuhlungu be-valve, izinketho zokwelashwa, ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele zikukhuthaze ukuba ubize usizo.

Uma kungenzeka, letha ilungu lomndeni othembekile noma umngani emhlanganweni wakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokuxoxa ngesimo sakho nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Ngobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve?

Ubuhlungu be-aortic valve yisimo esilawuleka esichaphazela abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi njengoba bekhula. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, futhi kungenzeka, abantu abaningi abane-valve disease baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokugcinwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokugcinwa okuvamile kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Abantu abaningi abane-valve disease ephansi abadingi ukuhlinzwa futhi bangaphatha isimo sabo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokugcinwa okuvamile.

Ngisho nalapho ukuhlinzwa kudingeka, ukwelashwa kwamanje kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Isifiso ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, ukulandela izincomo zabo, nokuba nokuqapha mayelana nempilo yakho yenhliziyo.

Ungavumeli ukuxilongwa kobuhlungu be-aortic valve kukucindezele. Ngokwelashwa kwamanje nokugcinwa kwezobuchwepheshe, abantu abaningi abanesimo esinjalo bangqhubeka bejabulela imisebenzi nobuhlobo obubaluleke kakhulu kubo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngobuhlungu be-Aortic Valve

Ingakwelashwa ngokuphelele yini i-aortic valve disease?

Ubuhlungu be-aortic valve bungaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve replacement kungabuyisela umsebenzi ojwayelekile wenhliziyo. Nakuba inkinga ye-valve ephansi "ilungisiwe" ngokuhlinzwa, uzodinga ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha ukugcina impilo yakho yenhliziyo nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-valve yemishini kulo lonke impilo yakho.

Uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani une-aortic valve disease?

Abantu abaningi abane-aortic valve disease ephansi baphila isikhathi eside sokuphila ngokugcinwa okuvamile nokukhathalela okufanele. Ngisho nasebuhlungwini obukhulu, ukwelashwa kwamanje njenge-valve replacement kungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila nokwenza ikhwalithi yempilo ibe ngcono. Ukubuka kwakho komuntu siqu kuncike ezicini ezifana nempilo yakho yonke, ubudala, nendlela ophendula ngayo ekwelapheni.

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuphephile uma une-aortic valve disease?

Izincomo zokuzivocavoca zincike ekuthini ubuhlungu bakho be-valve bukhulu kangakanani kanye nezimpawu zakho. Abantu abane-valve disease ephansi bangavame ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile, kanti labo abane-valve disease enkulu bangase badinge ukugwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima kuze kube yilapho ukwelashwa kwenziwa. Hlala uxoxa ngezinhlelo zokuzivocavoca nodokotela wakho, onganikeza imiyalo ethile ngokususelwa esimweni sakho somuntu siqu.

Ngingadingeka yini ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilongwa?

Abantu abaningi abadingi ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Izimo eziningi zobuhlungu be-aortic valve zingagcinwa njalo ngokuvivinya okuvamile. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa lapho ubuhlungu bukhulu noma bubangela izimpawu ezinkulu. Udokotela wakho uzolandela isimo sakho ngokucophelela futhi axoxe ngezenketho zokuhlinzwa lapho isikhathi sifanele kuwe.

Ingakulungisa yini imithi ubuhlungu be-aortic valve?

Imithi ayikwazi ukulungisa noma ukwelapha ama-valve enhliziyo abonakele, kodwa ingaba usizo kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu nokunciphisa izinhlungu. Imithi ingase isetshenziswe ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuvimbela ama-blood clots, ukulawula izinkinga zokubetha kwenhliziyo, noma ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwegazi. Indlela kuphela yokulungisa i-valve eyonakele kakhulu ngokulungisa noma ukushintsha ngokuhlinzwa.