Uluhluhlu

I-Osteoarthritis, uhlobo oluvamile kunawo wonke lwe-arthritis, luhilela ukuqothuka kwe-cartilage ehlanganisa amathambo amakhanda ezinhlangothini zakho. I-Rheumatoid arthritis yisifo lapho i-immune system ihlasela khona izingxenye zomzimba, iqala ngokugqoka kwezingxenye zomzimba.

I-Arthritis iwukubeleka nobuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-arthritis zibuhlungu nokuqina kwezingxenye zomzimba, okuvame ukuba sibi njengoba ukhula. Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-arthritis yi-osteoarthritis ne-rheumatoid arthritis.

I-Osteoarthritis ibangela ukuba i-cartilage—ithishu eqinile, ebilayo ehlanganisa iziphetho zamathambo lapho akha khona izingxenye zomzimba—iqubuke. I-Rheumatoid arthritis yisifo lapho i-immune system ihlasela khona izingxenye zomzimba, iqala ngokugqoka kwezingxenye zomzimba.

Ama-crystals e-uric acid, aqala lapho kukhona i-uric acid eningi kakhulu egazini lakho, angabangela i-gout. Ukutheleleka noma izifo eziyisisekelo, njenge-psoriasis noma i-lupus, kungabangela ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis.

Izindlela zokwelapha zihluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-arthritis. Izinjongo eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-arthritis ukunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu nezinhlungu ze-arthritis zihilela izikhonkwane. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-arthritis, izimpawu nezinhlungu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu
• Ukuqina
• Ukukhula
• Ubomvu
• Ukunciphisa ububanzi bomzimba

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-arthritis — i-osteoarthritis ne-rheumatoid arthritis — zilimaza izikhonkwane ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-arthritis, i-osteoarthritis ihilela ukulimala kokugqwala kwesikhombikhonkwane — ukugqwala okuqine kakhulu, okune-slick ekugcineni kwama-bone lapho akha khona isikhonkwane. I-cartilage ivikela ukuphela kwama-bone futhi ivumela ukunyakaza kwesikhonkwane okungenasici, kodwa ukulimala okwanele kungabangela ukugqwala kwama-bone ngqo emathanjeni, okubangela ubuhlungu nokuncipha kokunyakaza. Lokhu kugqwala kungase kwenzeke eminyakeni eminingi, noma kungasheshe kwenzeke ngenxa yokulimala kwesikhonkwane noma ukutheleleka.

I-Osteoarthritis iphinde ibonise ukuguquka kwama-bone nokuwohloka kwezicubu ezihlanganisa imisipha emathanjeni futhi zigcine isikhonkwane ndawonye. Uma i-cartilage esikhonkwane silimale kakhulu, ukugqwala kwesikhonkwane kungase kuqale ukuvuvukala nokukhuphuka.

Ku-rheumatoid arthritis, uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba luhlasela ukugqwala kwesikhumba sesikhonkwane, i-membrane eqinile ehlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesikhonkwane. Lokhu kugqwala (i-synovial membrane) kuqala ukuvuvukala nokukhuphuka. Inqubo yesifo ekugcineni ingabhubhisa i-cartilage ne-bone ngaphakathi kwesikhonkwane.

Izimbangela ezingozi ze-arthritis zifaka phakathi:

• Umlando womndeni. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis zidlulela emindenini, ngakho-ke ungase ube nethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-arthritis uma abazali bakho noma abazalwana bakho benalesifo.
• Ubudala. Ubungozi bezinhlobo eziningi ze-arthritis — kufaka phakathi i-osteoarthritis, i-rheumatoid arthritis ne-gout — bukhula ngokwanda kobudala.
• Ubulili bakho. Abesifazane banethuba elikhulu kunabesilisa lokukhula kwe-rheumatoid arthritis, kuyilapho iningi labantu abane-gout, olunye uhlobo lwe-arthritis, kuyi-men.
• Ukulimala kwangaphambili kwejoyinti. Abantu abalimele ijoyinti, mhlawumbe ngenkathi bedlala umdlalo, banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-arthritis kuleyo joyinti.
• Ukukhuluphala. Ukuphatha amasentimitha engeziwe kuya kuhlupha amajoyinti, ikakhulukazi amadolo, izihlalo nomgogodla. Abantu abakhuluphala banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-arthritis.

Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwamajoinyi, ikakhulu uma kuqeda izandla zakho noma izingalo, kungenza kube nzima ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuvuvukala kwamajoinyi aphatha isisindo kungakuvimbela ekuhambeni ngokunethezeka noma ekuhlaleni uqonde. Ezimweni ezithile, amajoinyi angalahlekelwa kancane kancane ukulingana nawo nokuma kwawo.

Phakathi nokuhlolwa komzimba, odokotela bahlola izinhlangothi zakho ukuze babone ukuqina, ubomvu nobushushu. Bayofuna futhi ukubona ukuthi ukwazi kangakanani ukuhambisa izinhlangothi zakho.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezigeleza emzimbeni kungasiza ekutholeni uhlobo lwe-arthritis onayo. Izinto ezigeleza emzimbeni ezivame ukuhlaziywa zihlanganisa igazi, umchamo kanye nengxube yomthambo. Ukuze uthole isampula yengxube yomthambo, odokotela bahlanza futhi baqedele ubuhlungu endaweni ngaphambi kokufaka unhlangothi endaweni yomthambo ukuze bakhiphe ingxube ethile.

Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlola zingabonisa izinkinga ezingaphakathi komthambo ezingase zibangele izimpawu zakho. Isibonelo sihlanganisa:

• Izithombe ze-X-ray. Ukusebenzisa amazinga aphansi kokuqhuma ukubona ithambo, izithombe ze-X-ray zingabonisa ukulahleka kwe-cartilage, ukonakala kwethambo kanye ne-bone spurs. Izithombe ze-X-ray zingase zingabonisi ukonakala okuqala kwe-arthritic, kodwa zivame ukusetshenziswa ekuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
• I-Computerized tomography (CT). I-CT scanners ithola izithombe ze-X-ray ezivela ezinhlangothini eziningi ezahlukene futhi ihlanganise ulwazi ukuze idale imibono yesigaba sokuqhelelana kwemizimba yangaphakathi. I-CT ingabonisa kokubili ithambo kanye nezinhlangothi ezithambile eziyizungezile.
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ukuhlanganisa amaza omsakazo ngesigxobo esinamandla se-magnetic, i-MRI ingakha izithombe eziningi zezigaba zokwahlukanisa zezinhlangothi ezithambile ezifana ne-cartilage, amatendon kanye nama-ligaments.
• I-Ultrasound. Lobuchwepheshe busebenzisa amaza omsindo aphezulu ukuze ubone izinhlangothi ezithambile, i-cartilage kanye nemizimba egcwele uketshezi eduze kwezinhlangothi (i-bursae). I-Ultrasound isetshenziswa futhi ekuqondiseni ukufakwa kwe-needle ekukhipheni ingxube yomthambo noma ekufakeni imithi emthambo.