Ukuqina kwe-Asbestosis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Asbestosis yisifo esibi sephunga esibangelwa ukuphefumula uboya be-asbestos iminyaka eminingi. Uma lezi zicucu ezincane zibanjwe emaphaphweni akho, zibangela ukukhula okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula nokufaka i-oksijini eyanele egazini lakho.

Lesi simo sikhula kancane, ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-40 ngemuva kokubekwa esikhumbeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Ithishu lephunga elikhule liba lukhuni futhi lubanzi, kungakho odokotela belithi i-pulmonary fibrosis. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-asbestosis?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko oyibona kuqala ukungaphefumuli kahle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba efana nokukhuphuka izitebhisi noma ukuhamba entabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amaphaphu akho akhule awakwazi ukwanda nokunciphisa kalula njengaphambili.

Nawa izimpawu ezivame ukuvela njengoba isifo siqhubeka:

• Ukuhlanza okwomile okuqhubekayo okungapheli
• Ukuqina noma ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Ukukhathala okubonakala kubi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukukhula kwezinzipho nezinzwane (ziyaba banzi futhi zibe yizigqoko)
• Imizwa yokuqhuma lapho uphefumula (udoti wakho angayizwa nge-stethoscope)

Ezimweni eziphambili, ungase ube nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni zakho noma ezinzipho zakho, okusho ukuthi igazi lakho alifumani i-oksijeni eyanele. Lena yisibonakaliso esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-asbestosis?

I-Asbestosis yenzeka uma uphefumula uboya be-asbestos ngokuphindaphindiwe izinyanga noma iminyaka. Lezi zicucu ezincane kangangokuba awukwazi ukuzibona, kodwa uma zifika emaphaphweni akho, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuziqeda noma ukuzisusa.

I-sistim yakho yokuzikhusela izama ukuhlasela lezi zicucu zangaphandle, kodwa lokhu kwenza ukuvuvukala futhi ekugcineni kuholela ekukhuleni okungapheli. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthola i-splinter umzimba wakho uqhubeka uzama ukuyisusa, kodwa awuphumeleli.

Imithombo evamile yokubekwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos ihlanganisa:

• Umsebenzi wokwakha nokuphahlazeka ezakhiweni ezindala
• Ukukhiqiza nokulungisa imikhumbi
• Ukumba nokucubungula i-asbestos
• Ukulungisa amabreki emoto ne-clutch
• Ukufaka nokususa i-insulation
• Ukusebenza kwesigqoko nokwesitezi ngezinto eziqukethe i-asbestos

Ngisho namalungu omndeni angase abe sengozini uma othile eletha uboya be-asbestos ekhaya ezingutsheni zawo, ezinweni, noma olweleni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukufakwa esikhumbeni okwesibili, futhi kungakho izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele zibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani osebenza eduze ne-asbestos.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-asbestosis?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma unembali yokubekwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos futhi ube nezinkinga zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza okungapheli. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungasiza ekuthambiseni ukwanda kwesifo nokwenza impilo yakho ibe ngcono.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokungaphefumuli kahle okukhulu, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma uqaphela ukuthi izindebe zakho noma izinzipho zakho ziyaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho awanikezi i-oksijeni eyanele emzimbeni wakho.

Ungalindi uma unezinkinga nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula. Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenakukhathaza, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ukuhlola umsebenzi wamaphunga akho nokuqala ukwelashwa okungakusiza uzizwe ukhulu.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuphula ingozi ye-asbestosis?

Ingozi yakho yokuthola i-asbestosis ixhomeke ikakhulukazi ekutheni ubekeke kangakanani e-asbestos nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani. Abantu abasebenze ngokuqondile nezinto eziqukethe i-asbestos babhekene nengozi enkulu.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezikhuphula ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza emisebenzini engozi enkulu njengokwakha, ukwakha imikhumbi, noma ukumba
• Ukuphila emakhaya andala ane-insulation noma izinto ze-asbestos
• Ukuba namalungu omndeni asebenze ne-asbestos
• Ukubeka esikhumbeni ngaphambi kweminyaka yoku-1980 lapho imithetho yayingekho eqinile
• Ukungasebenzisi izinto zokuphepha ezifanele ngesikhathi sokubekwa esikhumbeni
• Ukubhema, okungenza ukukhula kwamaphaphu kube sibi kakhulu kusuka e-asbestos

Ubudala buphinde bube nomthelela, njengoba abantu abaningi abaxilongwe nge-asbestosis baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isifo sithatha amashumi eminyaka ukuqhubeka ngemuva kokubekwa esikhumbeni. Amadoda athinteka kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yamizamo yokubekwa esikhumbeni emisebenzini eminyakeni edlule.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-asbestosis?

I-Asbestosis ingabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinkulu njengoba isifo siqhubeka. Ukukhula emaphaphweni akho kubekela ingcindezi enkulu enhliziyweni yakho futhi kungathinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Nawa izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi:

• I-Pulmonary hypertension (ukucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu e-arteries yamaphunga)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesokudla
• Umkhuhlane wephunga, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema noma uqede ukubhema
• I-Mesothelioma, umdlavuza omncane wokugqoka kwamaphaphu
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula ezinyathelweni eziphambili
• Ukungena engcupheni enkulu yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, abantu abaningi abane-asbestosis bangalawula izimpawu zabo futhi bagcine ikhwalithi enhle yempilo iminyaka eminingi. Udokotela wakho uzokunaka eduze ukuze abone noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela ezivela ngokushesha.

I-Asbestosis ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-asbestosis kuqala ngokuthi udokotela wakho akusize ngemisebenzi yakho futhi noma yikuphi ukufakwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos. Le ngxoxo ibalulekile ngoba isifo sibonakala sifana nezinye izimo zephunga ezivivinyweni.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ukukhula emaphaphweni akho, nakuba izigaba zokuqala zingase zingabonakali zingajwayelekile. I-CT scan inikeza izithombe eziningi eziningi futhi ingathola izinguquko ezingabonakali kwi-X-rays ejwayelekile.

Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wephunga zilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani ngokukwenza uphefumule emishini. Lezi zivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi amandla akho ephunga ancishisiwe futhi uhambisa umoya kahle kangakanani.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase acele i-lung biopsy, lapho isampula encane yethishu lephunga ihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Lokhu kungakuqinisekisa ngokuqinile uboya be-asbestos emaphaphweni akho, nakuba akuyona njalo okuyimfuneko yokuxilongwa.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwe-asbestosis?

Alukho ukwelashwa kwe-asbestosis, kodwa ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zakho nokunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo. Umgomo ukukusiza uphefumule kalula futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungase luhlanganise:

• Ama-Bronchodilators ukuvula izindlela zakho zokuphefumula
• I-oksijeni yokwelapha uma amazinga e-oksijeni egazini lakho ephansi
• Ukwelashwa kwe-pulmonary ukuqinisa imisipha yakho yokuphefumula
• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• Iziqhamo ze-influenza ne-pneumonia ukuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Ukulawula ubuhlungu ngenxa yokungakhululeki esifubeni

Ezimweni ezinkulu, ukutshalwa kwamaphaphu kungase kubhekwe, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukugcinelwa abantu abasebancane abanesifo esiphambili. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala ukusebenza nawe ukuthola ukuxuba kokwelashwa okusebenza kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

Indlela yokuphatha i-asbestosis ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kudlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-asbestosis. Ukushintsha okuncane emikhondweni yakho yansuku zonke kungakusiza uphefumule kalula futhi uzizwe ukhululekile.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Ukubhema kwenza ukukhula kwamaphaphu kube sibi kakhulu futhi kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yomkhuhlane wephunga. Udokotela wakho angakusiza uthole izinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema nemithi eyenza kube lula ukuyeka.

Hlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda kungasiza ekuqondeni umsebenzi wamaphunga akho namandla akho jikelele. Qala kancane futhi wandise umsebenzi njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile.

Zikhusele ekuthelelekeni kokuphefumula ngokuhlanza izandla zakho njalo nokugwema izindawo eziqongelelene ngesikhathi sesizini ye-influenza. Thola i-flu shot yakho yonyaka futhi ubuze udokotela wakho ngezinsimbi ze-pneumonia.

Sebenzisa abahlanzi bomoya ekhaya lakho futhi ugweme ukufakwa esikhumbeni lothuli, amakhemikhali, nezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu. Cabanga ngokugqoka isigqoko lapho uhlanza noma wenza imisebenzi engase ihlanganise izicucu emoyeni.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuhlangana nodoti?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Letha imbali yakho yomsebenzi eningiliziwe, kuhlanganise noma yimiphi imisebenzi lapho ungase ubekeke khona e-asbestos, ngisho nakwesikhashana.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, lapho zaqala khona, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe sibi. Faka imininingwane ngezinkinga zakho zokuphefumula, njengokuthi zenzeka yini ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma kuphela ngesikhathi somsebenzi.

Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinhlanganisela. Futhi, letha noma yiziphi i-X-rays yesifuba yangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha ahlobene nezinkinga zephunga.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngamaqembu wokusekela noma izinsiza zabantu abane-asbestosis endaweni yakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-asbestosis?

I-Asbestosis yisifo esibi kodwa esilawuleka sephunga esikhula eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokubekwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okufanele kungakusiza ugcine ikhwalithi enhle yempilo nokunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi abane-asbestosis baqhubeka bephila impilo ezele.

Uma unembali yokubekwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos, ungalindi izimpawu ukuvela ngaphambi kokukhuluma nodoti wakho. Ukuhlola okuvamile kungasiza ekutholeni isifo ngokushesha lapho ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-asbestosis

Ingaphiliswa yini i-asbestosis?

Cha, akukho ukwelashwa kwe-asbestosis okwamanje. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo, nokwenza impilo yakho ibe ngcono. Ukukhula kwamaphaphu okwenzeka kuhlala njalo, kodwa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, abantu abaningi baphila kahle naleli simo iminyaka eminingi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-asbestosis ukuqhubeka ngemuva kokubekwa esikhumbeni?

I-Asbestosis ivame ukuqhubeka iminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-40 ngemuva kokubekwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos. Lokhu kulibaziseka isikhathi eside kungakho abantu abaningi baxilongwa kamuva ekuphileni, ngisho noma ukufakwa kwabo esikhumbeni kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Isifo siqhubeka kancane, futhi izimpawu zingase zingaqali ukuvela kuze kube yilapho ukukhula kwamaphaphu okukhulu sekwenzeke.

Ingabe i-asbestosis iyadluliseka?

Cha, i-asbestosis ayidluliseki. Awukwazi ukuyithola kumnini wesifo. I-Asbestosis yenzeka kuphela ngokuphefumula uboya be-asbestos ngokuqondile, ngokuvamile ngokufakwa esikhumbeni emsebenzini noma endaweni ezungezile ezinto eziqukethe i-asbestos.

Ingabe ngizokuthola umkhuhlane wephunga uma ngine-asbestosis?

Ukuba ne-asbestosis kukhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthola umkhuhlane wephunga, kodwa akusho ukuthi uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile. Ingozi iphakeme kakhulu kubantu ababhema noma abaqede ukubhema. Ukuyeka ukubhema nokulandela izimiso zokwelashwa zikadoti wakho zokuhlola okuvamile kungasiza ekuthambiseni le ngozi kakhulu.

Ngingasebenza yini uma ngixilongwe nge-asbestosis?

Abantu abaningi abane-asbestosis ephansi bangase baqhubeke besebenza, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini engafuni umsebenzi omkhulu womzimba. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ugweme noma yikuphi ukufakwa esikhumbeni kwe-asbestos noma ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza unqume ukuthi yiliphi izinga lomsebenzi oluphephile kuwe ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wamaphunga akho kanye nezimpawu zakho.