Asthma

Uma umuntu enebhange, izindonga ezingaphakathi zezindlela zomoya emaphaphweni zingase ziqine futhi ziqale. Futhi, ukugqoka kwezindlela zomoya kungase kwenze ukhukhu olukhulu. Umphumela yihlazo lebanga. Phakathi nokuhlaselwa kwesibanga, izindlela zomoya eziqine zenza ukuphefumula kube nzima futhi kungase kubangele ukukhohlela nokuvuvukala.

I-Asthma yisimo lapho izindlela zakho zomoya ziqina futhi ziqale futhi zingase zikhiqize ukhukhu olwengeziwe. Lokhu kungenza ukuphefumula kube nzima futhi kubangele ukukhohlela, umsindo wokukhukhula (ukuqina) uma uphefumula futhi ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Kwabanye abantu, i-asthma iyinkinga encane. Kwabanye, ingaba yinkinga enkulu ephazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi ingase iholele ekuhlaselweni okubulalayo kwe-asthma.

I-Asthma ayikwazi ukwelashwa, kepha izimpawu zayo zingalawulwa. Ngenxa yokuthi i-asthma ivame ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenze nodokotela wakho ukuze uqaphele izimpawu zakho kanye nezimpawu zakho futhi ulungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Amapapasi e-Asthma ahlukahluka kumuntu ngamuntu. Ungaba nokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okungavamile, ube namaphawu ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela—njengoba usebenzisa amandla—noma ube namaphawu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-Asthma zihlanganisa: Ukuphefumula okunzima Ukuqina noma ubuhlungu esifubeni Ukukhwehlela lapho uphuma umoya, okuyisibonakaliso esivamile se-asthma kubantwana Ukuphazamiseka kokulala okubangelwa ukuphefumula okunzima, ukukhokhla noma ukukhwehlela Ukuhlaselwa kokukhokhla noma ukukhwehlela okubi kakhulu yi-virus yomphefumulo, njengokubanda noma isifo sikagciwane Izibonakaliso zokuthi i-asthma yakho cishe iyabi kakhulu zihlanganisa: Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-Asthma ezivame kakhulu futhi eziphazamisayo Ukukhula kokunzima kokuphefumula, njengoba kuqondiwe ngedivayisi esetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani (i-peak flow meter) Isidingo sokusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu nezimpawu ze-asthma ziqhuma ezimweni ezithile: I-asthma ebangelwa ukusebenzisa amandla, okungase kube kubi kakhulu lapho umoya ubandayo futhi womile I-asthma yomsebenzi, ebangelwa izinto eziphazamisayo zendawo yokusebenza njengegesi, igesi noma uthuli I-asthma ebangelwa ukungezwani, ebangelwa izinto ezisemoyeni, njengophuli, ama-spores omkhumbi, uthuli lwezilwane zasekhaya (i-pet dander) Ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okukhulu kungaba yingozi eyingozi. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi yini okufanele uyenzile lapho izimpawu zakho nezimpawu ziya kubi kakhulu—futhi lapho udinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Izibonakaliso zokuphuthuma kwe-asthma zihlanganisa: Ukukhula okusheshayo kokuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhwehlela Akukho ntuthuko ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha Ukuphefumula okunzima lapho wenza umsebenzi omncane wemisipha Bheka udokotela wakho: Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-asthma. Uma une-coughing noma ukukhwehlela okuvamile okuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ezinye izimpawu noma izimpawu ze-asthma, bheka udokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-asthma kusenesikhathi kungavimbela ukulimala kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside futhi kusize ukugcina isimo singabi kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqapha i-asthma yakho ngemva kokuxilongwa. Uma wazi ukuthi une-asthma, sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uyilawule. Ukulawula okuhle isikhathi eside kuzokusiza uzizwe kangcono usuku nosuku futhi kungavimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okungaba yingozi eyingozi. Uma izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ziya kubi. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma imithi yakho ingabonakali iyanciphisa izimpawu zakho noma uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo. Ungathathi imithi eminingi kunalokho okubhalwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu imithi ye-asthma kungabangela imiphumela emibi futhi kungenza i-asthma yakho ibe kubi kakhulu. Ukuhlaziya ukwelashwa kwakho. I-Asthma ivame ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Hlangana nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu zakho futhi wenze noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kokwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ukubola okukhulu kwe-asthma kungaba yingozi eyingozi. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izimpawu zakho nezimpawu ziya mbi - futhi uma udinga ukwelashwa okuphaphandayo. Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-asthma zihlanganisa:

• Ukubola okusheshayo kokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela
• Ayikho intuthuko ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula okusheshayo
• Ukuphefumula ngokunzima uma wenza umsebenzi omncane womzimba Bona udokotela wakho:
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-asthma. Uma unekhwehlela elivamile noma ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamalanga ambalwa noma ezinye izimpawu ze-asthma, bona udokotela wakho. Ukwelapha i-asthma kusenesikhathi kungavimbela ukulimala kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside futhi kusize ukuvimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuqapha i-asthma yakho ngemva kokuxilongwa. Uma wazi ukuthi une-asthma, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uyilawule. Ukulawula okuhle isikhathi eside kuzokusiza uzizwe kangcono usuku nosuku futhi kungavimbela ukubola kwe-asthma okungaba yingozi eyingozi.
• Uma izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ziya mbi. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma imithi yakho ibonakala ingawunciphisi ubuhlungu bakho noma uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho yokukhulula okusheshayo njalo. Ungathathi imithi engaphezu kwalokho okubhaliwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu imithi ye-asthma kungabangela imiphumela emibi futhi kungenza i-asthma yakho ibe sibi kakhulu.
• Ukuhlaziya ukwelashwa kwakho. I-Asthma ivame ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Hlala uhlangana nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu zakho futhi wenze noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kokwelashwa okudingekayo. Uma izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ziya mbi. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma imithi yakho ibonakala ingawunciphisi ubuhlungu bakho noma uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho yokukhulula okusheshayo njalo. Ungathathi imithi engaphezu kwalokho okubhaliwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu imithi ye-asthma kungabangela imiphumela emibi futhi kungenza i-asthma yakho ibe sibi kakhulu.

Akuqondile ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-asthma kanti abanye abangabi nayo, kodwa cishe kungenxa yokuxubana kwezinto ezingqongile nezinto eziwusifa (ezivela kubazali).

Ukubhekana nezinto ezihlukahlukene eziqinisayo nezinye izinto ezibangela ukwanda kokuvuvuka (izinto ezingcolisa) kungabangela izimpawu ze-asthma. Izinto ezibangela i-asthma zihlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye futhi zingafaka:

• Izinto ezingcolisa ezisemoyeni, ezifana ne-pollen, izinambuzane ezincane ezisethulini, ama-spores omkhuhlane, uboya bezilwane noma izicucu zezinto ezivela ezikhukhuleni
• Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, njengokubanda okuvamile
• Ukuzivocavoca
• Umoya opholile
• Izinto ezingcolisa umoya nezinye izinto eziqinisayo, njengokutsha
• Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise ne-beta blockers, i-aspirin, nezinye izidakamizwa eziphikisayo ukuvuvuka, njenge-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nezinye) ne-naproxen sodium (Aleve)
• Imizwelo eqinile nokucindezeleka
• I-sulfites kanye nezinto ezigcinayo ezingeziwe ezinye izinhlobo zokudla neziphuzo, kuhlanganise ne-shrimp, izithelo ezomile, amaphathi aphekiwe, ubhiya newayini
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), isimo lapho ama-asidi esisu ebuyela emgodini wakho

Izimbangi eziningi zicabanga ukuthi zikhuphula amathuba akho okukhula kwe-asthma. Zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba nomuntu ohlobene nawe ngegazi one-asthma, njengomzali noma umfowabo
• Ukuba nesinye isimo esiphefumulayo, njenge-atopic dermatitis — ebangela isikhumba esibomvu, esikhazimulayo — noma i-hay fever — ebangela iphunga elilukhuni, ukuqina nokuthamba kwamehlo
• Ukuba ngumuntu omkhulu kakhulu
• Ukuba umqhubi
• Ukuvezwa ukubhema okwesibili
• Ukuvezwa imfucumfucu yemoto noma ezinye izinhlobo zokungcolisa
• Ukuvezwa izici zomsebenzi, njengezikhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ekulimbeni, ekuhlanzweni kweenwele nasekukhiqizeni

Izinkinga ze-Asthma zihlanganisa:

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziphazamisa ukulala, umsebenzi nezinye imisebenzi
• Izinsuku zokugula emsebenzini noma esikoleni ngesikhathi se-asthma flare-ups
• Ukuncika okungapheli kwamathubhu athatha umoya uya futhi uvela emaphashini akho (amathubhu e-bronchial), okuthinta ukuthi ugapha kangcono kangakanani
• Ukuvakashela igumbi lokuphuthuma kanye nokungeniswa esibhedlela ngenxa yezifo ze-asthma ezinzima
• Imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ukuqina i-asthma enzima

Ukuphathwa okuhle kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekunqobeni kokubili izinkinga zesikhathi esifushane kanye nezesikhathi eside ebangelwa yi-asthma.

Nakuba kungekho ndlela yokuvimbela isifo sofuba, wena nodokotela wakho ningakha uhlelo lwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo lokuphila nesimo sakho nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba.

• Landelani uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lesifo sofuba. Ngodokotela wakho neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo, bhala uhlelo oluqondile lokusebenzisa imithi nokuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba. Bese uqiniseka ukuthi ulandela uhlelo lwakho. Isifo sofuba yisimo esiqhubekayo esidinga ukulandelelwa njalo nokuphathwa. Ukulawula ukwelashwa kwakho kungakwenza uzizwe ulawula impilo yakho kakhulu.
• Thatha i-vaccine ye-influenza ne-pneumonia. Ukugcina unamathiphu kuvimba isifo sofuba ne-pneumonia ekubangele ukuqhuma kwesifo sofuba.
• Thola futhi ugweme izinto ezikhuthaza isifo sofuba. Inani le-allergen nezinye izinto ezikhuthaza isifo sofuba ezingaphandle - kusukela e-pollen ne-mold kuye emoyeni obandayo nezingcoliso zomoya - zingakhuthaza ukuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba. Thola ukuthi yini ebangela noma ebiyisela isifo sofuba sakho, bese uthatha izinyathelo zokugwema lezo zinto ezikhuthaza isifo sofuba.
• Qapha ukuphefumula kwakho. Ungafunda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokuqala zokuhlukunyezwa, njengokukhotha okuncane, ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula kancane. Kodwa ngoba umsebenzi wephunga lakho ungase wehle ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu, linganisa njalo bese ubhala umoya wakho ophezulu nge-peak flow meter yasekhaya. I-peak flow meter ilinganisa ukuthi ungaphefumula kanzima kangakanani. Udokotela wakho angakubonisa ukuthi ungalandelela kanjani umoya wakho ophezulu ekhaya.
• Thola futhi welaphe ukuhlaselwa ngokushesha. Uma usabela ngokushesha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlaselwa okukhulu. Awudingi nemininingwane eminingi yemithi ukulawula izimpawu zakho. Uma ukulinganisa kwakho komoya ophezulu kuncipha futhi kukwazise ngokuhlukunyezwa okuzayo, thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunconywe. Futhi, yeka ngokushesha noma iyiphi imisebenzi engase ibe yimbangela yokuhlukunyezwa. Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki, thola usizo lochwepheshe njengoba kunconywe kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
• Thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunconywe. Ungashintshi imithi yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma isifo sofuba sakho sibonakala sithuthuka. Kuhle ukuletha imithi yakho kuwo wonke udokotela. Udokotela wakho angaqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa imithi yakho ngendlela efanele futhi uthatha umthamo ofanele.
• Qaphela ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-inhaler yokukhulula okusheshayo. Uma uthola ukuthi uyaqaphela i-inhaler yakho yokukhulula okusheshayo, njenge-albuterol, isifo sofuba sakho asilawulwa. Bheka udokotela wakho mayelana nokulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho. Landelani uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lesifo sofuba. Ngodokotela wakho neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo, bhala uhlelo oluqondile lokusebenzisa imithi nokuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba. Bese uqiniseka ukuthi ulandela uhlelo lwakho. Isifo sofuba yisimo esiqhubekayo esidinga ukulandelelwa njalo nokuphathwa. Ukulawula ukwelashwa kwakho kungakwenza uzizwe ulawula impilo yakho kakhulu. Qapha ukuphefumula kwakho. Ungafunda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokuqala zokuhlukunyezwa, njengokukhotha okuncane, ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula kancane. Kodwa ngoba umsebenzi wephunga lakho ungase wehle ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu, linganisa njalo bese ubhala umoya wakho ophezulu nge-peak flow meter yasekhaya. I-peak flow meter ilinganisa ukuthi ungaphefumula kanzima kangakanani. Udokotela wakho angakubonisa ukuthi ungalandelela kanjani umoya wakho ophezulu ekhaya. Thola futhi welaphe ukuhlaselwa ngokushesha. Uma usabela ngokushesha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlaselwa okukhulu. Awudingi nemininingwane eminingi yemithi ukulawula izimpawu zakho. Uma ukulinganisa kwakho komoya ophezulu kuncipha futhi kukwazise ngokuhlukunyezwa okuzayo, thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunconywe. Futhi, yeka ngokushesha noma iyiphi imisebenzi engase ibe yimbangela yokuhlukunyezwa. Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki, thola usizo lochwepheshe njengoba kunconywe kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zikube khona, njengokuqunjelwa komoya noma isifo sokuvimba imiphunga esiqinile (COPD). Udokotela wakho uzobuza nemibuzo mayelana nezibonakaliso zakho kanye nezimpawu, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Izivivinyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga Ungase unikezwe izivivinyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi umoya olingakanani uyahamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle njengoba uphefumula. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka: I-Spirometry. Lo mvivinyo uqikelela ukuncipha kwemiphunga yakho ngokuhlola ukuthi umoya olingakanani ongakwazi ukuwukhipha ngemuva kokuphefumula okujulile nokuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani. I-Peak flow. I-peak flow meter iyidivayisi elula elinganisa ukuthi ungaphefumula kanzima kangakanani. Ukufunda okungaphansi kokujwayelekile kwe-peak flow kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi imiphunga yakho ingase ingasebenzi kahle nokuthi i-asthma yakho ingase ibe yimbi. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalo yokuthi ungalandelela kanjani futhi ubhekane kanjani nokufunda okungaphansi kwe-peak flow. Izivivinyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga zivame ukwenziwa ngaphambi nangemuva kokuthatha imithi yokuvula imiphunga ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur), njenge-albuterol. Uma ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kuthuthuka ngokusebenzisa i-bronchodilator, kungenzeka ukuthi une-asthma. Izivivinyo ezengeziwe Ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-asthma zifaka: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Methacholine. I-Methacholine iyisici esaziwayo se-asthma. Uma iphefumulelwa, izobangela ukuncipha kwemiphunga yakho kancane. Uma uphendula kwi-methacholine, kungenzeka ukuthi une-asthma. Lo mvivinyo ungase usetshenziswe ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kokusebenza kwemiphunga kujwayelekile. Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe. I-X-ray yesifuba ingasiza ekuqondeni noma yiziphi izinkinga zesakhiwo noma izifo (njengokuqunjelwa) ezingabangela noma zenzise izinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Allergy. Izivivinyo ze-allergy zingase zenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Zikutshela ukuthi uyahlushwa yini ukungezwani nezilwane ezifuywayo, uthuli, ubuthi noma i-pollen. Uma izici ze-allergy zitholakala, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthazele iziqephu ze-allergy. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nitric oxide. Lo mvivinyo uqapha inani legesi ye-nitric oxide emoyeni wakho. Uma imiphunga yakho ivuvukile - uphawu lwe-asthma - ungase ube namanani aphezulu kunokujwayelekile e-nitric oxide. Lo mvivinyo awutholakali kabanzi. I-Sputum eosinophils. Lo mvivinyo ufuna amaseli amhlophe athile (i-eosinophils) ekuxubeni kokukhahlela nokukhahlela (i-sputum) oyikhiphayo uma ukhahlela. I-Eosinophils ikhona lapho izimpawu zikhula futhi zibonakala lapho zifakwe umbala obomvu. Ukuhlolwa okuvusa ukukhahlela kokuzivocavoca nokukhahlela okubangelwa ukubanda. Kulezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uqapha ukuvimba kwemiphunga yakho ngaphambi nangemuva kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba onamandla noma uthatha izikhathi eziningi zomoya opholile. Indlela i-asthma ehlelwa ngayo Ukuze uhlele ubukhulu be-asthma yakho, udokotela wakho uzobheka ukuthi zingaki izikhathi ozinayo izibonakaliso kanye nezimpawu nokuthi zingakanani. Udokotela wakho uzobheka nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho komzimba kanye nezivivinyo zokuxilonga. Ukuqonda ubukhulu be-asthma yakho kusiza udokotela wakho ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu. Ubukhulu be-asthma buvame ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kudingeka ukulungiswa kokwelashwa. I-Asthma ihlelwa ezinhlotsheni ezine eziyinhloko: Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-asthma Izibonakaliso kanye nezimpawu I-Mild intermittent Izimpawu ezilula kuze kube izinsuku ezimbili ngesonto kanye nokuze kube ebusuku ezimbili ngenyanga I-Mild persistent Izimpawu ngaphezulu kabili ngesonto, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kanye ngosuku olulodwa I-Moderate persistent Izimpawu kanye ngosuku kanye nokuze kube ubusuku obubodwa ngesonto I-Severe persistent Izimpawu usuku lonke ezinsukwini eziningi futhi njalo ebusuku Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lokunakekela labaqeqeshwe beMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-asthma Qala lapha Ulwazi oluthe xaxa Ukunakekelwa kwe-asthma eMayo Clinic I-Asthma: Ukuhlolwa nokuxilonga I-CT scan I-Spirometry I-X-ray Khombisa olunye ulwazi oluhlobene

Ukuvimbela nokulawula isikhathi eside kuyisihluthulelo sokumisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ngaphambi kokuba kuqale. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukufunda ukuqaphela izinto ezikuphazamisayo, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugwema izinto ezikuphazamisayo nokukhomba ukuphefumula kwakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi yakho igcina izimpawu zilawulwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwe-asthma, ungase udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler esheshayo. Imithi efanele kuwe ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi—ubudala bakho, izimpawu, izinto ezikuphazamisayo ze-asthma nokuthi yini esebenza kangcono ekuqondeni i-asthma yakho. Imithi yokuvikela, yokulawula isikhathi eside, incipha ukukhuluphala (ukuvuvukala) emizileni yakho yomoya okuholela ezimpawu. Ii-inhaler ezisheshayo (i-bronchodilators) zivula ngokushesha izindlela zomoya ezikhuphukile ezikhawulela ukuphefumula. Kwezinye izimo, imithi yokwelapha ukungezwani kuyadingeka. Imithi yokulawula i-asthma isikhathi eside, evamile ukuthathelwa nsuku zonke, iyisisekelo sokwelapha i-asthma. Le mithi igcina i-asthma ilawulwa nsuku zonke futhi yenza kube nzima ukuthi ube nokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Izinhlobo zemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside zihlanganisa: - I-Inhaled corticosteroids. Le mithi ihlanganisa i-fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), i-budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), i-ciclesonide (Alvesco), i-beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), i-mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) ne-fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta). Ungase udinga ukusebenzisa le mithi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emaviki ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele inzuzo yayo enkulu. Ngokungafani ne-corticosteroids yomlomo, i-inhaled corticosteroids inenkinga encane yokuthi kube khona imiphumela emibi. - Ii-Combination inhalers. Le mithi—njenge-fluticasone-salmeterol (Advair HFA, Airduo Digihaler, ezinye), i-budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort), i-formoterol-mometasone (Dulera) ne-fluticasone furoate-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)—ina-long-acting beta agonist kanye ne-corticosteroid. - I-Theophylline. I-Theophylline (Theo-24, Elixophyllin, Theochron) iyipilisi yansuku zonke esiza ekuqondeni izindlela zomoya ngokukhulula imisipha ezungezile izindlela zomoya. Ayisetshenziswanga njengoba kwenziwa ezinye imithi ye-asthma futhi idinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. I-Inhaled corticosteroids. Le mithi ihlanganisa i-fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), i-budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), i-ciclesonide (Alvesco), i-beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), i-mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) ne-fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta). Ungase udinga ukusebenzisa le mithi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emaviki ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele inzuzo yayo enkulu. Ngokungafani ne-corticosteroids yomlomo, i-inhaled corticosteroids inenkinga encane yokuthi kube khona imiphumela emibi. I-Leukotriene modifiers. Le mithi yomlomo—ihlanganisa i-montelukast (Singulair), i-zafirlukast (Accolate) ne-zileuton (Zyflo)—isiza ekuqondeni izimpawu ze-asthma. Imithi yokukhulula ngokushesha (yokutakula) isebenza njengoba kudingeka ukuqeda izimpawu ngokushesha, isikhathi esifushane ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Zingase futhi zisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma. Izinhlobo zemithi yokukhulula ngokushesha zihlanganisa: - I-Short-acting beta agonists. Lezi i-bronchodilators ezifinyelela ngokushesha, ezifinyelela ngaphakathi kwamaminithi ukuqeda izimpawu ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Zihlanganisa i-albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, ezinye) ne-levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA). I-Short-acting beta agonists ingathathwa ngokusebenzisa i-inhaler ephathekayo, yesandla noma i-nebulizer, umshini oguqula imithi ye-asthma ibe yimvula enhle. Ziyaphefumlelwa ngomqhele wobuso noma umlomo. - I-Anticholinergic agents. Njengezinye i-bronchodilators, i-ipratropium (Atrovent HFA) ne-tiotropium (Spiriva, Spiriva Respimat) zisebenza ngokushesha ukuqeda izindlela zakho zomoya ngokushesha, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni i-emphysema ne-bronchitis enamandla, kodwa zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-asthma. - I-Oral and intravenous corticosteroids. Le mithi—ihlanganisa i-prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Rayos) ne-methylprednisolone (Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Solu-Medrol)—iqeda ukuvuvukala kwemizila yomoya okubangelwa yi-asthma enamandla. Zingabangela imiphumela emibi uma zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngakho le mithi isebenza kuphela isikhathi esifushane sokwelapha izimpawu ze-asthma enamandla. I-Short-acting beta agonists. Lezi i-bronchodilators ezifinyelela ngokushesha, ezifinyelela ngaphakathi kwamaminithi ukuqeda izimpawu ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Zihlanganisa i-albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, ezinye) ne-levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA). I-Short-acting beta agonists ingathathwa ngokusebenzisa i-inhaler ephathekayo, yesandla noma i-nebulizer, umshini oguqula imithi ye-asthma ibe yimvula enhle. Ziyaphefumlelwa ngomqhele wobuso noma umlomo. Uma une-asthma flare-up, i-inhaler esheshayo ingaqeda izimpawu zakho ngokushesha. Kodwa akufanele udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho esheshayo njalo uma imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside isebenza kahle. Gcina umbhalo wokuthi ungaki ama-puffs owasebenzisayo masonto onke. Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho esheshayo kaningi kunalokho udokotela wakho akuncoma, bona udokotela wakho. Cishe udinga ukulungisa imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside. Imithi yokwelapha ukungezwani ingasiza uma i-asthma yakho iqalwa noma ibe mbi ngenxa yokungezwani. Lezi zihlanganisa: - I-Allergy shots (immunotherapy). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-allergy shots kancane kancane incipha impendulo yesistimu yakho yokuvimbela ukungena kwezinto ezingalungile ezinto ezikuphazamisayo. Ngokuvamile uthola izithombe kanye ngesonto izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese kanye ngenyanga isikhathi esingama-three to five years. - I-Biologics. Le mithi—ihlanganisa i-omalizumab (Xolair), i-mepolizumab (Nucala), i-dupilumab (Dupixent), i-reslizumab (Cinqair) ne-benralizumab (Fasenra)—iyabantu abane-asthma enamandla. Lokhu ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa kwi-asthma enamandla engathuthuki nge-inhaled corticosteroids noma ezinye imithi ye-asthma isikhathi eside. Ayitholakali kakhulu futhi ayilungile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngesikhathi se-bronchial thermoplasty, udokotela wakho ufudumeza ngaphakathi kwezindlela zomoya emaphaphwini nge-electrode. Ukushisa kuncipha imisipha ebushelelezi ngaphakathi kwezindlela zomoya. Lokhu kuvimbela ikhono lezindlela zomoya zokubopha, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula futhi kwenze kube lula ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngezivakashi ezintathu zokwelashwa kwangaphandle. Ukwelashwa kwakho kufanele kube lula futhi kuqondene nezinguquko ezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho kufanele abuze ngezimpawu zakho kuyo yonke isivakashi. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nezibonakaliso, udokotela wakho angalungisa ukwelashwa kwakho ngokufanele. Isibonelo, uma i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kahle, udokotela wakho angancoma imithi encane. Uma i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kahle noma iba mbi, udokotela wakho angandisa imithi yakho futhi ancome izivakashi ezivame kakhulu. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza le-asthma oluchaza ngokubhala ukuthi nini kufanele uthathe imithi ethile noma nini kufanele ukhulise noma unciphise umthamo wemithi yakho ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho. Faka futhi uhlu lwezinto ezikuphazamisayo nezinyathelo ozidingayo ukuze uzigweme. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukulandelela izimpawu zakho ze-asthma noma ukusebenzisa i-peak flow meter njalo ukuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kulawula kangcono kanjani i-asthma yakho.

I-Asthma ingaba inselelo futhi ecasulayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzizwe udumele, uthukuthele noma ukhungathekile ngoba kudingeka unciphise imisebenzi yakho evamile ukuze ugweme izinto ezikuphazamisayo ezizungezile. Ungase uzizwe ukhanyekile noma uhlongozwe yizimpawu zesifo kanye nezindlela zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa i-Asthma ayidingi ukuba yisimo esikhawulelwe. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunqoba ukukhathazeka kanye nomuzwa wokungabi namandla iwukuqonda isimo sakho nokulawula ukwelashwa kwakho. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso ezingakusiza: Zithathe isikhathi sakho. Thatha amaphasi phakathi kwemisebenzi futhi ugweme imisebenzi eyenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi. Yenza uhlu lwemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kungakusiza ukugwema ukuba nomuzwa wokucindezeleka. Zivuze ngokufeza imigomo elula. Khuluma nabanye abanesimo sakho. Amakamelo okuxoxa namabhodi imiyalezo kwi-inthanethi noma amaqembu wokusekela endaweni yakini angakuxhumanisa nabantu ababhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo futhi akusize wazi ukuthi awuwedwa. Uma ingane yakho ine-Asthma, yiba nekhuthazo. Gxila ezintweni ingane yakho engakwazi ukuzenza, hhayi ezintweni ezingakwazi ukuzenza. Hlanganyela othisha, abahlengikazi besikole, abafundisi, abangane nezihlobo ekusizeni ingane yakho ukulawula i-Asthma.