Ukuqina Kwe-Astigmatism? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Astigmatism iyimo eliqhelekile lokubona lapho iso lakho lingagxili khona ukukhanya ngokulinganayo, okubangela ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okungacaci kude nokude. Kwenzeka uma i-cornea yakho (ukukhanya okukhulu kweso lakho) noma ilensi inesimo esingajwayelekile, njengebhola le-rugby kunokuba ibhola lebhola.

Cishe umuntu omunye kwabathathu unezinga elithile le-astigmatism, okwenza kube yingxaki yokubona ebanzi kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iyakwelashwa ngokuphelele ngamagalasi, ama-lenses okuthinta, noma ukuhlinzwa, futhi ukuba ne-astigmatism akusho ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuzoba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-astigmatism?

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-astigmatism ukubona okungacaci noma okuphazamisekile okuthinta izinto eziseduze nasekude. Ngokungafani nokuqina kwamehlo noma ukubona okude, i-astigmatism yenza konke kubonakale kuqina noma kuqina kunokuba nje kungacaci.

Ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu ezivamile njengoba amehlo akho ezama kakhulu ukwenza izithombe ezicacile:

• Ukubona okungacaci kude nokude
• Ukukhathala kwamehlo noma ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokufunda noma umsebenzi wekhompyutha
• Ubuhlungu bendwabe obukhula ngemisebenzi yokubona
• Ukuqina amehlo ukuze ubone kahle
• Ubunzima boku bona ebusuku noma ekukhanyeni okuncane
• Ukubona okubili kweliso elilodwa

Abanye abantu abane-astigmatism ephansi bangase bangaphawuli zimpawu nhlobo. Ubuchopho bakho ngezinye izikhathi bungakwazi ukubuyisela inani elincane lokuqina, kungakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubalulekile ngisho noma ukubona kwakho kubonakala kulungile.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-astigmatism eqinile ingabangela izimpawu ezicacile njengokuqina okukhulu kokubona lapho imigqa eqondile ibonakala igobe, noma ukukhanya okukhulu okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-astigmatism?

I-Astigmatism iza ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokusekelwe lapho ukugoba okungajwayelekile kwenzeka khona nokuthi kuthinta kanjani ukubona kwakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi izimpawu zakho ezikhethekile zingase zihluke kanjani kwezomunye umuntu.

Izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-astigmatism ye-corneal: I-cornea inesimo esingalingani
• I-astigmatism ye-lenticular: Ilense ngaphakathi kweso lakho igobile ngokungajwayelekile
• I-astigmatism ejwayelekile: Izindawo ezinzima kakhulu neziqondile zikude ngama-degrees angu-90
• I-astigmatism engajwayelekile: Iphethini yokugoba ayinakubikezelwa

I-astigmatism ejwayelekile iyona evamile kakhulu futhi ilula ukuyilungisa ngamagalasi noma ama-contacts ajwayelekile. I-astigmatism engajwayelekile, nakuba ingavamile, ingabangelwa ukulimala kwamehlo, izifo ezithile zamehlo, noma izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingavamile njenge-keratoconus, lapho i-cornea iyancipha kancane futhi iphuma ngesimo sekhoni, noma i-pellucid marginal degeneration, ethinta ingxenye engezansi ye-cornea. Lezi zimo zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.

Yini ebangela i-astigmatism?

Iningi le-astigmatism liwukuthi amehlo akho athuthukiswe ngokwemvelo, njengokuba nezinwele ezimnyama noma amehlo aluhlaza. Imbangela eqondile yale nhlanganisela yemvelo ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa i-genetics idlala indima ebalulekile.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Genetics - ngokuvamile idluliselwa emindenini
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamehlo ngokwemvelo - kukhona kusukela ekuzalweni
• Ukulimala kwamehlo okushintsha isisindo se-cornea
• Izifo ezithile zamehlo
• Izinkinga zokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambili

Ngokuphambene nezindaba ezidumile, i-astigmatism ayibangelwa ukufunda ekukhanyeni okubi, ukuhlala eduze kakhulu ne-TV, noma ezinye izenzo. Lezi zenzakalo zingase ziqine amehlo akho okwesikhashana, kodwa azishintshi isisindo sama-physical amehlo akho.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-keratoconus (ukunciphisa okukhulu kwe-cornea), i-pterygium (ukukhula kwezicubu emehlweni), noma ama-scarring asuka ezifweni ezinkulu zamehlo. Lezi zimo zingase zithuthuke kamuva ekuphileni futhi zingase zenze i-astigmatism ibe kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-astigmatism?

Kufanele uhlele ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma ubhekene nokubona okungacaci, ubuhlungu bendwabe obuvamile, noma ukukhathala kwamehlo okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane kufanele ziqaphelwe, njengoba ukulungiswa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela ukukhathala okungadingekile futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukushintsha okungazelelwe ekuboneni kwakho, ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, noma uma imigqa eqondile ibonakala igobile kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kubonise izimo ezingaphansi ezingathi sína ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kunconywa unyaka ngamunye noma eminyakeni emibili kubantu abadala, ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu. Abantu abaningi bane-astigmatism ephansi ngaphandle kokukwazi, futhi ukuyibamba ngokushesha kuvumela ukuphathwa kangcono futhi kuvimbela izinkinga.

Kubantwana, qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokuqina amehlo, ukugoqa ikhanda ukuze babone kangcono, ubunzima bokufunda, noma ukukhala ngokubona okungacaci. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kubantwana kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukubona okuhle nasempumelelweni yemfundo.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikhulise amathuba e-astigmatism?

Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuba ne-astigmatism noma ukuyenza ibe kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingase zikhulise amathuba kusiza ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele uqaphele kakhulu impilo yamehlo.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise amathuba zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni we-astigmatism noma ezinye izinkinga zokubona
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esincane sokuzalwa
• Umlando wokulimalala kwamehlo noma ukulimala
• Izimo ezithile zamehlo ezinjenge-keratoconus
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambili
• Ubuzwe - amanye amaqembu anezinga eliphezulu

Ukuba nezici ezingase zikhulise amathuba akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-astigmatism, futhi abantu abaningi abangenazo izici ezingase zikhulise amathuba basenayo le nkinga. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela amehlo okuvamile kungakhathaliseki izinga lakho lokukhuluphala.

Izici ezingavamile ezingase zikhulise amathuba zihlanganisa izifo ezithile ze-genetic, ukwanda kokungakhululeki kwamehlo okubangela ukuqina okuqhubekayo, noma izingozi zomsebenzi ezibeka amehlo akho ekulimala noma emakhemikhali njalo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-astigmatism?

I-Astigmatism engalungiswanga ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha, kodwa ingathinta kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke nenduduzo. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zivela emehlweni akho asebenza kakhulu ukuze abuyisele ukubona okungacaci.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezivela e-astigmatism engalungiswanga zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathala kwamehlo nokuqina okuqhubekayo
• Ubuhlungu bendwabe obuqhubekayo
• Ubunzima bokuqhuba ebusuku
• Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwemfundo noma emsebenzini
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yokungezwani ngenxa yokubona okubi

Kubantwana, i-astigmatism engalungiswanga ingabangela i-amblyopia (iso elilenga) uma eliso elilodwa line-astigmatism enkulu kunelinye. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokubona ezihlala njalo uma kungalungiswanga ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

Izinkinga ezinkulu zingevamile kodwa zingase zihlanganise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokubona zesibili noma ukwanda kwezimo ezingaphansi ezinjenge-keratoconus, okuyingase kudinge ukwelashwa okukhulu.

I-astigmatism ihlonishwa kanjani?

I-Astigmatism ihlonishwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele okusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okungapheli ubuhlungu okuqapha ukuthi amehlo akho agxila kanjani ukukhanya. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukuze afake imephu yesisindo ne-curvature ye-cornea yakho.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubona okuqondile usebenzisa i-eye chart
• I-Keratometry ukuqapha i-corneal curvature
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-refraction ukuthola iresiphi yakho eqondile
• I-Corneal topography yokwenza imephu eningiliziwe ye-cornea
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-slit-lamp ukuhlola impilo yamehlo ngokujwayelekile

Lezi zivivinyo ziyashesha futhi zikulula, ngokuvamile zithatha cishe imizuzu engama-30-60. Udokotela wakho angase futhi aqhube ama-pupils akho ngama-eye drops ukuze ubone kangcono izakhiwo zangaphakathi zamehlo akho.

Ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma i-astigmatism engajwayelekile, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njenge-wavefront analysis noma i-corneal tomography kungase kudingeke ukwenza imephu eningiliziwe ye-three-dimensional yesistimu yokubona yamehlo akho.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha i-astigmatism?

I-Astigmatism iyakwelashwa kakhulu ngezinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo ezingase zibuyisele ukubona okuqondile, okuthokozisayo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokuncoma indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-astigmatism yakho, indlela yokuphila, nezifiso zakho siqu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Amaglasi: Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu nokuphumelelayo kokuqala
• Ama-contact lenses: Ama-toric lenses aklanywe ngokukhethekile nge-astigmatism
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-refractive: I-LASIK, i-PRK, noma ezinye izinqubo zokubuyisela isisindo se-cornea
• I-Orthokeratology: Ama-contacts akhethekile ebusuku ahlala ebusuku ashintsha isisindo se-cornea okwesikhashana

Amaglasi ngokuvamile iyisixazululo esilula, esebenzisa ama-cylindrical lenses abuyisela isisindo esingajwayelekile sokuqina kwamehlo akho. Ama-contact lenses anganikeza insimu ebanzi yokubona okuqondile futhi aphelele ezimpilweni eziphilayo.

Nge-astigmatism eqinile noma engajwayelekile, ukwelashwa okukhethekile njenge-rigid gas permeable contact lenses, ama-hybrid lenses, noma ngisho nokutshalwa kwe-cornea ezimweni ezikhulu kungase kudingeke. Lezi zinketho zidinga ukufakwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Indlela yokuphatha i-astigmatism ekhaya?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukwelapha i-astigmatism ekhaya, amasu amaningi angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathala kwamehlo nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula ngenkathi usebenza nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokwelashwa.

Nazi izindlela eziwusizo zokuphatha ekhaya:

• Qinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele uma ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi oseduze
• Thatha ama-breaks avamile kuma-screens usebenzisa umthetho we-20-20-20
• Gcina ibanga elifanele emaphephandabeni nasema-screens
• Gcina amagalasi akho noma ama-contacts acocekile futhi alungiswe kahle
• Sebenzisa izinyembezi zokwenziwa uma amehlo akho omile
• Gwema ukuqina amehlo, okungase kwenze i-astigmatism engajwayelekile ibe kubi

Ukuhlanzeka kwamehlo okuhle kuhlanganisa ukugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuthinta amehlo akho nokushintsha ama-contact lenses njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho wamehlo. Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zingavimbela izinkinga futhi zigcine ukulungiswa kokubona kwakho kusebenza kahle.

Uma ubhekene nokushintsha okungazelelwe kokubona noma ukwanda kokungakhululeki kwamehlo, ungazami ukuyiphatha wedwa. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okulungile nokwenza izinguquko ekwelapheni.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yamehlo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuqondile kakhulu nelenqubo yokwelapha ephumelelayo. Ukuzilungiselela kancane kungenza i-visit yakho ibe yiphumelelayo futhi ibe yiyona.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi zenzeka nini
• Letha amagalasi akho noma ama-contact lenses wamanje
• Bala wonke ama-medications kanye ne-supplements oyithathayo
• Bula umlando wempilo yamehlo yomndeni wakho
• Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha
• Hlela ukuthutha uma ama-pupils akho azokwanda

Uma ugqoka ama-contact lenses, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuba ushintshe ube ngamagalasi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuvumela ama-corneas akho ukuba abuyele esimweni sawo semvelo ukuze kube nokulinganiswa okuqondile.

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, izindleko, noma noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okunayo. Ukuqonda isimo sakho nezinketho zokwelapha kusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwamehlo akho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-astigmatism?

I-Astigmatism iyimo eliqhelekile kakhulu futhi eliyakwelashwa lokubona elithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuba ne-astigmatism akusho ukuthi uya ekuqinisweni kokubona okubi noma izinkinga ezinkulu zamehlo.

Ngokuhlolwa okulungile nokwelashwa, abantu abaningi abane-astigmatism bangafinyelela ekuboneni okuqondile, okuthokozisayo okuvumela ukuba bajabulele zonke imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha amagalasi, ama-contacts, noma ukuhlinzwa, izinketho zokwelapha zanamuhla ziphumelela kakhulu futhi ziphephile.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nezinkinga zokubona, ngisho noma uzizwa ukubona kwakho kulungile. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kwe-astigmatism kungavimbela ukukhathala kwamehlo okungadingekile futhi kusize ukugcina ukubona okuhle kulo lonke impilo yakho.

Khumbula ukuthi i-astigmatism ayisiyona isifo noma uphawu lokulimala kwamehlo. Kuyinto nje ehlukile endleleni iso lakho eligxila ngayo ukukhanya, futhi lilawuleka ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okulungile nendlela yokwelapha.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-astigmatism

Q: Ingabe i-astigmatism ingaba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

I-Astigmatism ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ayibi kakhulu. Abantu abaningi baba ne-astigmatism eqondile kulo lonke ubude beminyaka yabo yobudala. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile ezinjenge-keratoconus noma ukulimala kwamehlo kungayenza ibe kubi. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kusiza ekuqapheni noma yikuphi ukushintsha futhi kulungise ukwelashwa kwakho ngokufanele.

Q: Ingabe i-astigmatism iyadluliselwa?

Yebo, i-astigmatism ngokuvamile idluliselwa emindenini. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwane bakho bane-astigmatism, kungenzeka ukuthi uzoyithola nawe. Kodwa-ke, i-genetics ayiyona yona kuphela into, futhi abantu abaningi bathuthukisa i-astigmatism ngaphandle komlando womndeni wesimo.

Q: Ngingagqoka yini ama-contact lenses ajwayelekile uma ngine-astigmatism?

Ama-contact lenses ajwayelekile aspherical ngokuvamile awalungisi i-astigmatism kahle. Cishe uzodinga ama-toric contact lenses, aklanywe ngokukhethekile ngamandla ahlukene e-meridians ehlukene ukuze alungise ukugoba okungajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angakwazi ukuthola uhlobo oluhle lwama-contacts ezidingweni zakho ezikhethekile.

Q: Ingabe i-astigmatism ibangela ubuhlungu bendwabe?

Yebo, i-astigmatism engalungiswanga ngokuvamile ibangela ubuhlungu bendwabe ngenxa yokukhathala kwamehlo. Uma amehlo akho ezama kakhulu ukuze agxile kahle, kungabangela ubuhlungu bendwabe, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokufunda, umsebenzi wekhompyutha, noma ezinye imisebenzi edinga ukubona okuningi. Ukulungiswa kokubona okuqondile ngokuvamile kuqeda le mihlolo.

Q: Ingabe i-astigmatism ingavikeleka?

Njengoba iningi le-astigmatism likhona kusukela ekuzalweni ngenxa yokuqina kwamehlo ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukuvimbeka. Kodwa-ke, ungazivikela ekulimala okubangelwa yi-astigmatism ngokugqoka i-eyewear evikela ngesikhathi semidlalo noma imisebenzi eyingozi, nokuqeda ukuqina kwamehlo okukhulu okungase kwenze i-astigmatism engajwayelekile ibe kubi.