Ukuqina kwe-Atelectasis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Atelectasis kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yephango lakho iwa phansi noma ingakhula kahle, njengobhaluni olungagcwalisi umoya. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-alveoli (ama-air sacs amancane ephusheni lakho) ewa phansi noma agcwaliswe yizinto ezinamandla kunokuba kube nomoya.

Nakuba kungase kubukeke kukhulu, i-atelectasis iyinto evamile futhi ivame ukwelashwa. Ingathinta ingxenye encane yephango lakho noma izindawo ezinkulu, futhi abantu abaningi bayithola bengayazi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokutholwa noma ngesikhathi besigula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-atelectasis?

Izimpawu ozibonayo zincike kakhulu ekutheni ingxenye enkulu kangakanani yephango lakho ithintekile nokuthi yakhula kanjani. Izindawo ezincane zokuwa phansi zingase zingabangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo nhlobo.

Uma izimpawu zivele, umzimba wakho uyakutshela ukuthi usebenza nzima ukuthola i-oksijini elidingekayo. Nanka ama-signs okumelwe uwabukele:

• Ubunzima bokuthola umoya noma ukuphelelwa umoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi senkonzo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obungase bube sibi uma ukhwehlela noma uthatha imimoya ejulile
• Ukuqhubeka kukhwehlela, okuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokuzamisa ukuvula izindawo eziwile
• Ukuthola imimoya ngokushesha, okujulile njengoba umzimba wakho uqondanisa ukunciphisa amandla ephushe
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka, njengoba umzimba wakho ungatholi i-oksijini efanele

Ezimweni ezinkulu, ungase uqaphele ukuthi isikhumba sakho noma izindebe zakho zithatha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubonisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-oksijini aphansi. Lena yisibonakaliso esicacile somzimba wakho sokuthi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-atelectasis?

I-Atelectasis iza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, ngayinye inendlela yayo yokuqala. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi isimo sikhula kanjani futhi kuqondisa izindlela zokwelapha.

Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-obstructive atelectasis, eyenzeka lapho kukhona okuvimba indlela yomoya. Cabanga ngayo njengomqhele ovimbekile - umoya awukwazi ukuhamba ukuze ugcwalise ingxenye leyo yephango. Lokhu kuvimba kungaba yimucus, i-tumor, noma ngisho nokuthile okungaphandle.

I-Non-obstructive atelectasis iyenzeka ngaphandle kokuvimba okubonakalayo. Esikhundleni salokho, izinto ezinjengengcindezi evela ngaphandle kwephango, ukulahleka kwe-surfactant (into egcina ama-air sacs evuliwe), noma ama-scars kubangela ukuwa phansi. Lolu hlobo luvamise ukuthuthukiswa ngemva kokutholwa noma kubantu abahlala embhedeni isikhathi eside.

I-Compression atelectasis iyenzeka lapho kukhona okuthinta iphushe lakho ngaphandle, njengamanzi esiswini noma inhliziyo enkulu. Ingcindezi yangaphandle icindezela ngempela inyama yephango, ivimbela ukukhula kwayo ngokugcwele.

Yini ebangela i-atelectasis?

I-Atelectasis ithuthukiswa lapho inqubo evamile yokukhula kwephango iphazamiseka. Amaphango akho aklanywe ukuhlala egcwele ngokulinganisela okunembile kwengcindezi yomoya kanye nengcindezi yobuso, futhi izinto eziningi zingaphazanyisa lokhu kulinganisela.

Ukutholwa kuyinye yezinye zezinto ezivame ukubangela lokhu, ikakhulukazi izinqubo ezibandakanya i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sokutholwa, ukuthola imimoya yakho kuyahlala kuphansi, futhi ubuhlungu ngemva kwalokho kungakwenza ungathandi ukuthatha imimoya ejulile noma ukukhwehlela kahle. Lokhu kudala izimo ezifanele zokunciphisa izindawo ezincane zephushe.

Izimo zokuphefumula zivame ukubangela i-atelectasis. Nanka okuvamise ukubangela lokhu:

• Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemucus eziqondeni ezinjenge-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, noma i-cystic fibrosis
• Ama-tumors akhula ngokwanele ukuvimba izindlela zomoya
• Izinto ezingaphandle ezingena ephusheni, okuvamile kubantwana kodwa kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala
• Ukulimala kwesifuba okubangela amanzi noma umoya ukuqoqwa eduze kwamaphango
• Ukuphumula embhedeni isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala noma abagulayo kakhulu

Ngokungavamile, imithi ethile ecindezela ukuthola imimoya, izimo ze-neurological ezithinta imisipha yokuphumula, noma ukungapheleli okungokwemvelo kungabangela i-atelectasis. Into ebalulekile yinoma yini evimbela ukukhula okuvamile kwephango noma ukuhlanzwa okuhle kwendlela yomoya.

Nini okumelwe ubheke udokotela nge-atelectasis?

Kumelwe ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uthola ubunzima bokuthola umoya noma obukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale imbangela yangempela kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukuthi isikhumba sakho noma izindebe zakho ziyahlala zibomvu, njengoba lokhu kubonisa amazinga e-oksijini aphansi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, uma uphulukana nokutholwa futhi uthola izinkinga ezintsha zokuphumula noma ukuqhubeka kukhwehlela, ungalindi - lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuqala ze-atelectasis.

Kubantu abanezimpawu zephushe ezikhona, noma yiluphi ushintsho olukhulu ezimpawu zakho ezivamile luyafaneleka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uyazi isimo sakho sokuqala futhi angakwazi ukubona ngokushesha lapho into enjenge-atelectasis ingase ithuthuke.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikubangele i-atelectasis?

Izinto ezithile zikwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-atelectasis, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikubangele lokhu akusho ukuthi uzoba nale simo. Ukuziqonda kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuba nithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela uma kungenzeka.

Ubudala buthatha indima ebalulekile, kokubili abantwana abancane kakhulu nabantu abadala ababhekene nezingozi eziphezulu. Kubantwana, izindlela zomoya ezincane zenza ukuvimba kube lula, kuyilapho abantu abadala bangase babe nemisipha ebuthakathaka yokuphumula kanye ne-reflexes yokukhwehlela engasebenzi kahle.

Izinqubo zezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu ezithinta ukuthola imimoya yakho zenza ingozi enkulu:

• Ukutholwa kwamuva, ikakhulukazi izinqubo zesifuba noma isisu
• Ukuphumula embhedeni isikhathi eside noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba
• Izifo zephushe ezingapheli njenge-asthma, i-COPD, noma i-bronchiectasis
• Ukukhuluphala, okungenza ukuthola imimoya ejulile kube nzima
• Ukubhema, okonakalisa inyama yephango futhi kukhulise ukukhiqizwa kwemucus
• Imithi ecindezela ukuthola imimoya noma i-reflexes yokukhwehlela

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zikhuphula nobuthakathaka bakho. Izifo ze-neuromuscular ezibulala imisipha yokuphumula, ukungapheleli kwesifuba, noma izimo ezidinga ukuthola imimoya ngomshini konke kukhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-atelectasis.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-atelectasis?

Nakuba izimo eziningi ze-atelectasis ziyaphela ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona izinto ezimbi, izinhlanganisela zingase zivele uma isimo siqhubeka noma sithinta izingxenye ezinkulu zephushe lakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokwelashwa okufanele nokubuka.

Into ephambili enkulu ukunciphisa amazinga e-oksijini egazini lakho, okwenza inhliziyo yakho isebenze nzima ukuhambisa i-oksijini kulo lonke umzimba wakho. Lokhu kucindezela okwengeziwe kungase kube yinkinga ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu zenhliziyo ezikhona.

Ukutheleleka kubonisa enye ingozi enkulu, njengoba inyama yephango eyiwe idala indawo lapho amabhaktheriya angakhula khona. Nanka okutholakala:

• I-Pneumonia ezindaweni zephushe ezithintekile
• Ama-lung abscesses uma ukutheleleka kuyaqina
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula ezimweni ezinkulu
• Ukulimala okungapheli kwephango uma ukuwa phansi kuqhubeka isikhathi eside

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-atelectasis engapheli ingabangela i-bronchiectasis, isimo lapho izindlela zomoya zikhula ngokungapheli futhi zonakale. Lokhu kudala isiphelo lapho ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka futhi umsebenzi wephushe uyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-atelectasis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-atelectasis kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho olalele amaphango akho nge-stethoscope. Bayalalele ukunciphisa noma ukungabikho kwamazwi okuphumula ezindaweni lapho iphushe lakho lingase liwe khona.

I-X-ray yesifuba ngokuvamile iyivivinyo lokuqala lokuthola izithombe udokotela wakho ozoyala, njengoba ingabonisa izindawo zokuwa kwephango futhi isize ekuqondeni ubukhulu benkinga. Izindawo eziwile zibonakala njengezinto ezimhlophe noma ezinzima ku-X-ray, ezihluke kubukeka okumnyama okuvamile kwamaphango agcwele umoya.

Uma kudingeka ulwazi oluqondile, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo. I-CT scan inikeza izithombe ezicacile kakhulu futhi ingasiza ekutholeni imbangela yangempela, njenge-tumor noma i-mucus plug evimba indlela yomoya.

Ezimweni ezithile, i-bronchoscopy ingase idingeke - lokhu kubandakanya ukufaka i-tube encane, egubekayo ene-camera ngaphandle kwesango lakho noma emlonyeni ukuze ubone ngqo izindlela zakho zomoya. Le nqubo ayisiyi ukusisiza ekutholeni kuphela kodwa ingase ibe yindlela yokwelapha uma kukhona okuvimba okudingeka kususwe.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-atelectasis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-atelectasis kugxile ekuvuleni kabusha inyama yephango eyiwe futhi ekunakekeleni imbangela yangempela. Indlela ethile ethathiwe incike ekutheni yini ebangela i-atelectasis yakho nokuthi ingxenye enkulu kangakanani yephango lakho ithintekile.

Ezimweni ezingabangelwa ukubambezeleka kwemucus, umgomo oyinhloko ukukusiza uhlanze izinto ezithile kahle. Lokhu kungase kubandakanye i-physiotherapy yesifuba, lapho umhlengikazi wokuphefumula esebenzisa amasu athile ukusiza ekuqedeni nasekuhambiseni imucus ukuze ukwazi ukuyikhwehlela kalula.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungase lubandakanye izindlela eziningi:

• Ukuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula kanye ne-incentive spirometry ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwephango
• Imithi yokunciphisa imfihlo yemucus nokwenza kube lula ukuyisusa
• I-Bronchoscopy ukususa ngqo izinto ezivimbayo uma ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi
• Izinqubo zokuphumula ngengcindezi enhle ukusiza ekuqinisiseni izindawo eziwile
• Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezikhona njengokutheleleka noma ama-tumors

Ezimweni ezinkulu, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze i-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) noma ezinye izinto zokusekela ukuthola imimoya ukusiza ekuqinisiseni izindlela zakho zomoya nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwephango.

Indlela yokuphatha i-atelectasis ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-atelectasis nokuvimbela ukubuyela kwayo. Okubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwephango nokulandela iziphakamiso ezithile zedokotela wakho ngesimo sakho.

Ukuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula kuyithuluzi lakho elibaluleke kakhulu ekhaya. Zama ukuthatha imimoya ejulile, ehamba kancane izikhathi eziningi ngehora ngenkathi uvukile, ugcine umoya ngamunye imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuphefumula kancane. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisiseni ama-air sacs akho futhi kuvimbele ukuwa okwengeziwe.

Uma udokotela wakho ekuphathise i-incentive spirometer, sebenzisa njalo njengoba uqondiswe. Le divayisi inikeza impendulo yombono ukuze ikusize ukuthatha imimoya ejulile futhi ingase ibe usizo ngemva kokutholwa noma ngesikhathi sokuphulukana nesifo sokuphefumula.

Ukuhlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho kusiza ekuvimbeleni i-atelectasis ukuba ibe sibi. Ngisho nemisebenzi elula njengokuhamba endlini yakho noma ukwenza ukuzivocavoca okuthambile kungasiza ekuqinisiseni amaphango akho nokusebenza kahle.

Ukuma okuhle nakho kubalulekile - gwema ukuwela phansi isikhathi eside uma kungenzeka. Ukuhlala noma ukushintsha izikhundla njalo kusiza izingxenye ezahlukene zamaphango akho ukuba zikhule kahle.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu kanye nelenqubo yokwelapha efanele. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi lapho zaqala khona nokuthi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zibe sibi.

Yenza uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi kanye nezinye izinto, njengoba ezinye zingase zithinte ukuthola imimoya noma zikhulise i-atelectasis. Phawula futhi noma yikuphi ukutholwa kwamuva, ukungena esibhedlela, noma ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okwakunayo.

Letha uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukubuza ngembangela enokwenzeka ye-atelectasis yakho, ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuphulukana.

Uma kungenzeka, letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluqondile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-appointment. Ukuba nokusekelwa kungasiza futhi ekuqedeni ukukhathazeka ngesimo sakho.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule nge-atelectasis?

I-Atelectasis iyisimo esivamile futhi esivame ukwelashwa lapho ingxenye yephango lakho iwa phansi noma ingakhula kahle. Nakuba kungase kubukeke kukhulu, izimo eziningi ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni okufanele futhi azibangeli izinkinga ezingapheli.

Okubalulekile ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo ukubona ngokushesha nokuphathwa okufanele. Uma uthola ubunzima bokuthola umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuqhubeka kukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokutholwa noma ngesikhathi sesifo, unganqikazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokubamba iqhaza ngokusebenzayo ekuphulukiseni kwakho, kufaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula nokulandela iziphakamiso zedokotela wakho, abantu abaningi abane-atelectasis bayaphulile ngokuphelele futhi babuyela emsebenzini wamaphango ovamile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-atelectasis

Ingaphela yodwa i-atelectasis?

Izindawo ezincane ze-atelectasis ngezinye izikhathi ziyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma imbangela yangempela iyisikhashana njengokubambezeleka okuncane kwemucus. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi ziyazuza ekwelapheni okusebenzayo ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela nokuqinisekisa ukuphulukana okuphelele. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sakho esithile sidinga ukungenelela noma singalandelelwa ngokuphepha.

Ingabe i-atelectasis ifana nephushe eliwile?

I-Atelectasis uhlobo lokuwa kwephango, kodwa ihlukile kulokho odokotela abakubiza nge-pneumothorax (ukuphela kwephango). I-Atelectasis ibandakanya ukuwa kwengxenye yenyama yephango ngenxa yezindlela zomoya ezivimbekile noma ezinye izinto zangaphakathi, kuyilapho i-pneumothorax iyenzeka lapho umoya ugeleza endaweni eduze kwephango. Zombili izimo zithinta ukuthola imimoya kodwa zinezimbangela nokwelashwa okuhlukile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ne-atelectasis?

Isikhathi sokuphulukana sihluka kuye ngembangela yangempela nobukhulu bokuhileleka kwephango. Izimo ezincane zingase ziphume ngezinsuku kuya emavikini ngokwelashwa okufanele, kuyilapho i-atelectasis enkulu ingase ithathe amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni. Isilinganiso sakho sokuphulukana siye kuye ngezinto ezinjengokuphila kwakho okuphelele, ubudala, nokuthi ulandela kangcono iziphakamiso zokwelashwa njengokuqeqeshwa kokuphefumula.

Ingabe ukubhema kungabangela i-atelectasis?

Yebo, ukubhema kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-atelectasis. Ukubhema konakalisa izinwele ezincane ezindleleni zakho zomoya ezisiza ekuhlanzeni imucus, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinto ezithile ezingavimba izindlela zomoya. Kubuye konakalise amandla omzimba wakho wokulwa nokutheleleka, okungase kube yimbangela yezimpawu ezibangela i-atelectasis. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyinye yezinto ezinhle ongayenza ukuvimbela lesi simo.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukutholwa nge-atelectasis?

Ukutholwa akudingeki nge-atelectasis futhi ngokuvamile kugcinelwa izimo lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi khona noma lapho kukhona inkinga yesakhiwo esiyinhloko. Izimo eziningi ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni okungelona ukutholwa njengokuqeqeshwa kokuphefumula, i-physiotherapy yesifuba, noma i-bronchoscopy ukususa izinto ezivimbayo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala azame zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezingelona ukutholwa ngaphambi kokucinga nganoma yikuphi ukungenelela kokutholwa.