Ukuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuyisifo sokuqhubana kwenhliziyo lapho amakamelo angaphezulu enhliziyo yakho ebetha ngokushesha kakhulu ngendlela eqondile. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi i-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo yakho ivaleleke kuzilungiselelo ezikhulu, okubangela ukuthi i-atria iqhubeke ngokuqondile cishe ngama-250-350 ama-beats ngomzuzu esikhundleni sama-60-100 ajwayelekile.

Lesi simo siqeda abantu abangaba ngu-200,000 baseMelika unyaka ngamunye futhi siyabanda njengoba siqhubeka. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhathaza, ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kulula kakhulu ukwelashwa ngokunakekelwa okulungile nokunakekelwa.

Ukuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial Kuyini?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kwenzeka lapho izibonakaliso zombane emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo yakho zibambekele endaweni encane. Esikhundleni sokulandela indlela evamile, lezi zibonakaliso ziyaqhubeka zihamba ziyaqhubeka, okwenza i-atria yakho ihlangane ngokushesha kakhulu kunokuba kufanele.

Inhliziyo yakho inamakamelo amane - amabili aphezulu abizwa nge-atria namabili angaphansi abizwa nge-ventricles. Ngokuvamile, izibonakaliso zombane ziqala e-atrium elungile futhi zisakazeke ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze zenze inhliziyo yakho ibetha ngokulinganayo. Ngokuthuthumela kwe-atrial, lobu buhle buyaqothuka.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuvame ukuba nendlela eqondile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga zokuqhubana kwenhliziyo, kuvamise ukuba kuhlelekile futhi kuqondile, okwenza kube lula odokotela ukuthi bakuxilongose futhi bakwelaphe.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqhubana Kwe-Atrial?

Abantu abaningi abane-atrial flutter bazizwa inhliziyo yabo iqhudelana noma baphawule ukuzwa okungathandeki kokuthuthumela esifubeni sabo. Ungase futhi ube nokuntuleka komoya, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza noma ulele phansi.

Nawa zimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo noma ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuntuleka komoya ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubuhlungu obuncane
• Ukuzwa ukhulu noma ukukhanya
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukuzwa ungakhululekile

Abanye abantu baphawula ukuthi bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu kunangaphambili noma abakwazi ukuzivocavoca njengoba bebenza ngaphambili. Ungase uzwe sengathi usebenza kanzima ukuze uphefumule, ngisho noma nje uhamba endlini.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abanye abantu abane-atrial flutter abazizwa zimpawu nhlobo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala noma abantu abaye babe nale simo isikhathi eside. Ukuhlola okuvamile kungasiza ukubamba lezi zimo ezingabonakali.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zokuqhubana Kwe-Atrial?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqhubana kwe-atrial, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kuwe kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba akhethe indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Umehluko ukhona lapho i-loop yombane ikhiqizwa khona enhliziyweni yakho.

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial okuvamile yilohlobo oluvamile kakhulu, oluqeda cishe u-90% yezimo. Isibonakaliso sombane sihamba endaweni ethile e-atrium yakho elungile, okwenza iphethini eqondile odokotela abangayibona kalula kwi-EKG.

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial okungavamile kuhilela izikrini zombane ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-atria yakho. Lolu hlobo lungaba nzima ukulwelapha ngoba izikrini zingakha ezindaweni ezahlukene, okwenza iphethini ingaqondakali.

Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kuwe ngokuya ngemiphumela ye-EKG yakho nezimpawu. Lolu lwazi luyabasiza ukuba bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo olufanele isimo sakho.

Yini Ebangela Ukuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuvame ukuqala lapho kunesikhathi esithile sokucindezeleka noma ukonakala ohlelweni lwakho lombane lwephutha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukene, nokuqonda imbangela kusiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho.

Izimbangela ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluye lwaba khona iminyaka eminingi
• I-Coronary artery disease
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma izinqubo ezidlule
• I-Cardiomyopathy (imisipha yenhliziyo ebuthakathaka)
• Izifo zephunga ezingapheli njenge-COPD
• Izifo ze-thyroid, ikakhulukazi i-hyperthyroidism
• I-Sleep apnea

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kungase kubangelwe izinto zesikhashana njengokusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma imithi ethile. Lezi zinto ezikhuthazayo zivame ukulula ukulungisa uma zitholakele.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kungenzeka kubantu abanezinhliziyo eziphilile ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka komzimba noma kwengqondo okukhulu. Abanye abantu bangaba nokuthambekela kwezakhiwo okubenza babe nomkhuba wokuthuthukisa izinkinga zokuqhubana.

Nini Okufanele Ubheke Udokotela Ngokuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial?

Kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nokubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungavamile okuphela ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa. Nakuba ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial akuvamile ukuba yingozi ngokushesha, kudinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Shaya u-911 noma uye endlini yokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukuphulukela kanye nokubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise isimo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa uma uqaphela ukubetha kwenhliziyo okuqhubekayo, ukukhathala okungavamile, noma ukuphefumula okuncane. Ngisho noma izimpawu zifika ziye, kufanele zixoxwe nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ungalindi uma unembali yezinkinga zenhliziyo futhi uthuthukisa izimpawu ezintsha. Udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi lokho okukuhlangabezana nakho kuhlobene nokuthuthumela kwe-atrial noma enye isimo esidinga ukunakekelwa.

Ziyini Izinto Ezifaka Engozini Yokuqhubana Kwe-Atrial?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial, ubudala obukhulu kunazo zonke. Isimo siyabanda kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, nakuba kungenzeka kunoma yiliphi iminyaka.

Nawa ama-risk factors amakhulu okufanele uwazi:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-60
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• I-Diabetes
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okudlule
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okudlule
• Isifo sephunga esingapheli
• I-Sleep apnea
• Izifo ze-thyroid
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile
• Ukukhuluphala

Ukuba no-risk factor oyedwa noma ngaphezulu akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial. Abantu abaningi abanamazinga amaningi ezingozi abazange bahlangabezane nezinkinga zokuqhubana, kanti abanye abanamazinga ambalwa ezingozi bayathuthukisa lesi simo.

Amanye ama-risk factors angavamile ahlanganisa izimo ezithile zezakhiwo, izifo ezivuvukalayo, nokusebenzisa imithi ethile. Uma ukhathazekile ngezinga lakho lokuthola ingozi, ukuxoxa nazo nodokotela wakho kungakusiza uqonde kangcono isimo sakho.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Ngokuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial?

Nakuba ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial ngokwakho akuvamile ukuba yingozi ngokushesha, kungase kube nezingozi ezinkulu uma kungelashwa. Ingozi ekhathazayo kakhulu ukwakheka kwama-blood clots emakamelweni enhliziyo yakho.

Uma i-atria yakho iqhudelana ngokushesha, igazi alihambi ngokusebenza kahle njengoba kufanele. Lokhu kuhamba kwegazi okuhamba kancane kungavumela ama-clots ukuba akheke, okungase kube yingozi ebuchosheni bakho futhi kubangele i-stroke.

Ezinye izingozi ezingase zivele zihlanganisa:

• I-Stroke ngenxa yama-blood clots
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo ibetha ngokushesha isikhathi eside
• I-Cardiomyopathy (ukubuthakathaka kwemisipha yenhliziyo)
• Ukunciphisa ukubekezelela komzimba nokuphila okuhle
• Ukuqhubekela phambili kwi-atrial fibrillation

Ingozi yezingozi iyanda uma ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kungalawulwa kahle noma uma unezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi banganciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu kungase kube yimbangela yesimo esibizwa nge-tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ibuthakathaka ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, lesi simo sivame ukuthuthuka uma ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kulawulwa.

Ukutholakala Kwe-Atrial Flutter Kuxilongiswa Kanjani?

Ukutholakala kokuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuvame ukuqala nge-electrocardiogram (EKG), ebhala imisebenzi yombane yenhliziyo yakho. Lolu viwo lungabonisa iphethini "yesigxobo" eqondile ukuthi ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kukhiqiza i-EKG tracing.

Udokotela wakho uzokuphendula ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathayo. Bazolalela futhi inhliziyo yakho futhi bahlole i-pulse yakho ukuze bathole umqondo wesivinini nenhliziyo yakho.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise:

• I-Holter monitor (ukurekhoda ukuqhubana kwenhliziyo kwamahora angu-24-48)
• I-Event monitor (ukulawula ukuqhubana isikhathi eside)
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo yakho)
• Izivivinyo zegazi zokuhlola umsebenzi we-thyroid nama-electrolyte levels
• I-Chest X-ray ukuhlola inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuza kuye, okwenza kube nzima ukubamba kwi-EKG ejwayelekile. Yingakho udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukugqoka i-monitor yenhliziyo izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa ukuze uthole iziqephu uma zivele.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase afune ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-electrophysiology, oluhilela ukufaka imigqa emincane enhliziyweni yakho ukuze uhlole izibonakaliso zombane eduze. Lolu viwo ngokuvamile lugcinelwe abantu abacabanga ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kokuqhubana Kwe-Atrial?

Ukuphathwa kokuthuthumela kwe-atrial kugxile emigomweni emibili ebalulekile: ukulawula ijubane lenhliziyo yakho nokuvimbela ama-blood clots. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze uthole indlela efanele isimo sakho.

Imithi ngokuvamile iyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha. Imithi yokulawula ijubane njenge-beta-blockers noma i-calcium channel blockers ingasiza ukunciphisa ijubane lenhliziyo yakho, kanti ama-blood thinners anciphisa ingozi yakho yokwakha ama-clots.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi yokulawula ijubane (i-beta-blockers, i-calcium channel blockers)
• Imithi yokulawula ijubane (i-antiarrhythmics)
• Ama-blood thinners (ama-anticoagulants)
• I-Cardioversion (ukubuyisela ijubane lombane noma ngekhemikhali)
• I-Catheter ablation (inqubo yokususa izikrini ezingavamile)
• Ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker (ezimweni ezithile)

I-Catheter ablation iye yaba yinto evamile kakhulu ekwelapheni ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial ngoba ngokuvamile inganikeza ukwelashwa okuphelele. Ngesikhathi sale nqubo, udokotela wakho usebenzisa amandla e-radiofrequency ukwenza i-scar encane evikela indlela yombane engavamile.

Izinga lokuphila kwe-ablation ekuthuthumeleni kwe-atrial okuvamile liphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile liphezulu kunama-95%. Ukubuyiselwa kuvame ukuba kulula, kanti abantu abaningi bayeka ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo noma ngemuva kwebusuku elilodwa esibhedlela.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngokuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial?

Ukuphatha ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial ekhaya kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi yakho njengoba kuyalelwe nokuzenza izinguquko zokuphila ezisekela impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Ukuzinza ngohlelo lwakho lokwelapha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izimpawu nezingozi.

Ukusebenzisa imithi yakho ngqo njengoba kuyalelwe kubalulekile, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ungaphuthi izilinganiso noma uyeke ukusebenzisa ama-blood thinners ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, njengoba lokhu kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho ye-stroke.

Ukuguqulwa kokuphila okungasiza kuhlanganisa:

• Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula
• Ukuthola ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, okulinganiselwe njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• Ukuthola ukulala okwanele nokwelapha i-sleep apnea uma ikhona
• Ukugwema i-caffeine ngokweqile
• Ukuqapha uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi njalo

Qaphela ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho futhi zama ukugwema lezi zimo uma kungenzeka. Abanye abantu baphawula ukuthi ukudla okuthile, ukucindezeleka, noma ukushoda kokulala kungase kubangele iziqephu.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uziqonde wena nodokotela wakho. Qaphela lapho izimpawu zivele khona, isikhathi eside kangakanani, nokuthi ubenzeni lapho ziqala khona. Lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile ekulungiseni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza ukwenza kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yonke, kuhlanganise nemithi yezokwelapha nezithasiselo, njengoba ezinye zingase zithinte ukuqhubana kwenhliziyo yakho.

Bhala izimpawu zakho ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini, zingaki zivele, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Yiba uchwepheshe mayelana nendlela izimpawu ezikuthinta ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Imibuzo okufanele uyicabangele ukubuza udokotela wakho:

• Yiluphi uhlobo lokuthuthumela kwe-atrial enami?
• Ziyini izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele isimo sami?
• Ngingasebenzisa ama-blood thinners isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yiziphi imisebenzi engingayigwema?
• Nini okufanele ngikubize ngezimpawu?
• Ngingumuntu ofanele i-ablation?

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho uma kungenzeka. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi soxoxwa ngezindlela zokwelapha.

Ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba aphinde noma achaze noma yini ongayiqondi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngohlelo lwakho lokwelapha futhi wazi ukuthi yini okulindelekile kuqhubeke.

Yini Eyinhloko Ngokuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuyisimo sokuqhubana kwenhliziyo esilashwa esithinta abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi njengoba bekhula. Nakuba kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-atrial flutter bangaphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izingozi ezinkulu njenge-stroke. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu njengokubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukuphefumula okunzima, ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi i-catheter ablation, zinika amazinga aphezulu okuphumelela ekulawuleni ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ikhwalithi yabo yokuphila iyancipha kakhulu uma isimo sabo silawulwa kahle.

Ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokulawula ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial ngempumelelo. Ngendlela efanele, lesi simo akudingeki silimise ikhono lakho lokujabulela impilo nokusebenza.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuthuthumela Kwe-Atrial

Ingabe ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kungaphela ngokwalo?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial akunciphi ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwelashwa, nakuba iziqephu zingase ziye ziye. Nakuba ezinye iziqephu zingase ziyeke ngokwazo, isimo esiyinhloko ngokuvamile sidinga ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela izingozi neziqephu zesikhathi esizayo. Ngisho noma izimpawu ziyaphela, ingozi ye-stroke ihlala iphezulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kufana ne-atrial fibrillation?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial ne-atrial fibrillation ziyizimo ezihlobene kodwa ezahlukene. Ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kunenhlelo ehlelekile, eqondile ngejubane lenhliziyo eliqhele cishe kuma-beats angu-150 ngomzuzu, kanti i-atrial fibrillation iyinhlanhla futhi ayiqondile. Zombili izimo zikhuphula ingozi ye-stroke futhi zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezifanayo, nakuba ukuthuthumela kwe-atrial kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kwi-catheter ablation.

Ngingazivocavoca yini uma ngine-atrial flutter?

Abantu abaningi abane-atrial flutter elawulwayo bangazivocavoca ngokuphepha, kodwa kufanele uthole imvume kuqala udokotela wakho. Qala kancane futhi qaphela indlela ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Gwema ukuzivocavoca okukhulu okukwenza uzizwe ukhulu, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ubuhlungu besifuba. Udokotela wakho angakusiza unqume amazinga okuzivocavoca afanele ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Ngingasebenzisa ama-blood thinners phakade?

Isikhathi sokusebenzisa ama-blood thinners kuncike kuma-risk factors akho e-stroke nokuphendula kokwelashwa. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-anticoagulation, kanti abanye bangase bakwazi ukuyeka ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-ablation. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha njalo ingozi yakho futhi alungise imithi yakho ngokufanele. Ungalokothi uyeke ama-blood thinners ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

I-Catheter ablation iphumelela kangakanani ekuthuthumeleni kwe-atrial?

I-Catheter ablation iphumelela kakhulu ekuthuthumeleni kwe-atrial okuvamile, ngezinga lokuphila eliqhele cishe ngaphezu kwama-95%. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nokuthuthuka okukhulu noma ukususwa okuphelele kwezimpawu ngemuva kwenqubo. Ingozi yezingozi incintisana, futhi isikhathi sokubuyiselwa sivame ukuba sifushane. Noma kunjalo, amazinga okuphumelela angase aphansi ekuthuthumeleni kwe-atrial okungavamile noma uma unezinye izimo zenhliziyo.