Ukuthini i-Atrial Septal Defect? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-atrial septal defect (ASD) iwumgodi odongeni ohlukanisa amakamelo amabili aphezulu ehlatini lakho. Lo dongi, obizwa ngokuthi i-septum, ngokujwayelekile ugcina igazi eliphezulu loketshezi eceleni kwesobunxele lihlukaniswe negazi elingena-oksijini eceleni kwesokudla.

Uma une-ASD, igazi elithile ligeleza kusuka kwi-atrium yesobunxele liye kwi-atrium yesokudla ngalolu vulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuthumela igazi emaphashini nasezimweni zomzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abanemigodi emincane ye-ASD baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele, futhi abakhulu bangaphathwa ngempumelelo.

Iyini i-atrial septal defect?

I-atrial septal defect ngokuyisisekelo “ukuxhumana” phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu ehlatini okungafanele kube khona. Cabanga ngayo njengifasitela elingavalwanga kahle ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Inhliziyo yakho inamakamelo amane - amabili aphezulu abizwa ngokuthi yi-atria namabili aphansi abizwa ngokuthi yi-ventricles. I-septum isebenza njengodonga oluqinile phakathi kwecala lesobunxele nelesokudla. Uma kukhona i-ASD, lodonga lunevulekile oluvumela igazi ukuba lixubane phakathi kwamakamelo.

Lesi simo sikhonjwe kusukela ekuzalweni, okwenza kube yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-congenital heart defect. Kungesinye sezinhlobo ezivamile zezifo zenhliziyo, ezihlasela cishe 1 kuwo wonke ama-1,500 abantwana abazalwayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-atrial septal defect?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-ASDs, futhi zihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho umgodi ukhona khona e-septum. Indawo ibalulekile ngoba ithonya indlela i-defect engase ithonye ngayo inhliziyo yakho nezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kangcono.

Nawa amaqembu ayinhloko okufanele uwazi:

• I-Secundum ASD: Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kunazo zonke, olutholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-septum. Lubamba cishe i-70% yawo wonke ama-ASD futhi ngokuvamile lube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.
• I-Primum ASD: Itholakala engxenyeni engezansi ye-septum, lolo hlobo aluvamile kodwa lungahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezivalweni zenhliziyo.
• I-Sinus venosus ASD: Itholakala engxenyeni ephakeme ye-septum, lolo hlobo olungavamile ngezinye izikhathi luhlanganiswe nokuhlanganiswa okungalungile kwezinsimbi ezibuyisela igazi enhliziyweni.
• I-Coronary sinus ASD: Uhlobo olungavamile kunazo zonke, olutholakala lapho i-coronary sinus (isitho esithatha igazi lemisipha yenhliziyo) ihlangana ne-atrium yasekunene.

Uhlobo ngalunye lungadinga izindlela ezahlukene zokubhekwa noma zokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izivivinyo zezithombe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulokhu unalo bese enza uhlelo lokunakekelwa olufanele kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-atrial septal defect?

Abantu abaningi abane-ASDs ezincane abanawo nhlobo izimpawu futhi bangase bangazi ukuthi banalo isimo kuze kutholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu noma lokho okuthuthukisa izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungabangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo zingase zihluke kuye ngobukhulu bokungahambisani nokuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kangakanani. Nanka okufanele ukubheke:

• Ukuthukuthela komoya: Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ukuzivocavoca, njengoba inhliziyo yakho izama ukulungiselela izidingo zomoya zomzimba wakho
• Ukukhathala noma ukudinwa: Ungase uzizwe udiniwe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, ngisho nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke evamile
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha okuvamile: Njengophethuko noma i-bronchitis, ngoba ukugeleza kwegazi okwengeziwe emaphaphwini kungakwenza ube sengozini
• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo: Ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyagijima, iduduza, noma ibetha ngokungajwayelekile
• Ukukhula: Ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni, ezinkulwini, noma ezinyaweni, okuvela uma inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• Ukukhula okungekuhle kubantwana: Abantwana abane-ASDs ezinkulu bangase bangawutholi umzimba noma bakhule njengoba kulindelekile

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izimpawu zivame ukungabonakali kuze kube ubuntwaneni, ngisho nasezindingeni ezincane. Abanye abantu bayazibona izimpawu okokuqala ngeminyaka yabo yama-30, ama-40, noma kamuva lapho inhliziyo iqala ukubonisa izimpawu zomsebenzi owengeziwe ebiwuphatha iminyaka eminingi.

Yini ebangela i-atrial septal defect?

I-atrial septal defects ithuthukela emazingeni okuqala kakhulu okukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yengane yakho yakha. Isizathu esiqondile asiqondakali njalo, kodwa kwenzeka lapho inqubo evamile yokukhula kwenhliziyo ingaqhubeki njengoba kulindelekile.

Phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuqala okukhulelwa, inhliziyo iqala njengomgudu olula bese kancane kancane ithuthukela ezingeni lezikhamera ezine. I-septum yakha njengoba ithishu ikhula ukuhlukanisa izinhlangothi ezingezungeze. Ngezinye izikhathi, le thishu ayikhuliswa ngokuphelele noma ngendlela efanele, ishiya isikhala esivulekile.

Izici eziningi zingathinta le nqubo, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-ASD:

• Izimbangela ezivela ku-gene: I-ASDs ingadlulela emindenini, okubonisa ingxenye ethile ye-gene
• Izimo zikaMama: Ukutheleleka okuthile phakathi kokukhulelwa, isifo sikashukela, noma i-lupus kunina
• Imithi: Eminye imithi yokwelapha ethathwe ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi yokwelapha ukuhlushwa
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa: Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo
• Ukungahambisani kwe-chromosome: Izimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome zihambisana nezinga eliphezulu leziphene zenhliziyo

Kepha, ezikhathini eziningi, i-ASDs ivela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqondakalayo. Akuyona into oyenzile noma awuyenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - kuyindlela nje inhliziyo eya yathuthukiswa ngayo kulezoviki zokuqala ezibalulekile.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngenxa yesifo se-atrial septal defect?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zikhombe inkinga yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma zintsha noma ziya mbi. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi une-ASD noma enye isimo esidinga ukunakekelwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela ukuphefumula okufushane okungavamile kuwe, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile owayuyiphatha kalula. Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungaphuli ngokuphumula kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile okufanele ukuxoxe ngaso nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo.

Nawa ama-situations athile lapho kufanele uhlele khona i-appointment:

• Ukuthukuthela okungachazeki komoya: Ikakhulu uma kubi kakhulu noma kwenzeka ngemisebenzi emincane kunangaphambili
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba: Noma yiluphi ubuhlungu besifuba kufanele luhlolwe, ikakhulu uma luhambisana nomsebenzi
• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo: Uma uzizwa inhliziyo yakho ibheka, ishiya ama-beats, noma iduduza njalo
• Ukukhula: Ukukhula okusha ezinyaweni, ezinkulwini, ezinyaweni, noma esiswini
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula: Uma uthola i-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis kaningi kunokujwayelekile
• Umbukiso womndeni: Uma unomlando womndeni weziphene zokuzalwa zenhliziyo futhi awukahlolwa

Uma ubhekene nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu, ukungaphefumuli komoya okukhulu, noma ukuhluleka, funa ukunakekelwa kwonyango ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zezinkinga ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Iyini imithombo yezingozi ye-atrial septal defect?

Njengoba i-ASDs izimo zokuzalwa ezivela ngaphambi kokuzalwa, imithombo yezingozi ihlobene ikakhulu nezinto ezingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani amanye ama-babies azalwa ne-ASDs, nakuba amacala amaningi enzeka ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi imithombo yezingozi eqondakalayo.

Imithombo yezingozi iwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi, futhi ukuba noyedwa noma ngaphezulu akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-ASD. Nansi into ocwaningo oluyibonile:

• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nomzali noma umfowabo noma udadewabo onenkinga yentliziyo ezelwe nayo kukhuphula ingozi
• Izimo ze-genetic: I-Down syndrome nezinye izinkinga ze-chromosomal zihambisana nezinga eliphezulu lezingozi zentliziyo
• Ubudala bomama: Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40 banengozi encane ephakeme yokuba nezingane ezinokungasebenzi kahle kwentliziyo
• Izimo zempilo zikamama: I-diabetes, i-lupus, noma i-phenylketonuria (PKU) kunina
• Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: I-Rubella (i-German measles) ekhefini lokuqala lingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwentliziyo
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi: Imithi ethile yokulwa nokuhlushwa yi-seizure, ukwelashwa kokungcola, ne-lithium ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingamthetho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-ASDs ivame kakhulu kubesifazane kunabesilisa, yize odokotela bengaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani. Isimo futhi kubonakala sengathi sinengxenye ethile ye-genetic, njengoba lingadluliselwa emindenini, kodwa iphethini yokudluliselwa ayilula.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-atrial septal defect?

I-ASDs encane ngokuvamile ayibangeli noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela futhi ingase ingalokothi idinge ukwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga ezinkulu noma lezo ezingalashwanga iminyaka eminingi zingabangela izinkinga njengoba inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho isebenza kanzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlanganisela zithuthuka kancane kancane, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi, yingakho abanye abantu bangahlangabezani nezinkinga kuze kube yilapho sebekhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuvimbela noma ukuphatha ngempumelelo.

Nawa ama-complications ayinhloko okufanele uwaqaphele:

• Ukukhula kwengxenye yekhanda lamanxeba elungene: Ukugeleza okukhulu kwegazi kwenza ingxenye yekhanda lamanxeba elungene isebenze nzima, okubangela ukuba ibe lude futhi ikhule
• Ukuphakama kokucindezela kwegazi emaphaphweni: Ukugeleza okukhulu kwegazi emaphaphweni kungaphakamisa ukucindezela emathanjeni egazi emaphaphweni
• Ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wegazi: Izindlela ezingajwayelekile zomjikelezo wegazi, ikakhulukazi ukungajwayelekile komjikelezo wegazi e-atrium, ziyanda njengoba ukhula
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi owengeziwe ungaphazamisa amandla enhliziyo yakho okupompa kahle
• Ingozi yesifo sobuchopho: Ama-blood clot angadlula nge-ASD futhi aye ebuchosheni
• I-Eisenmenger syndrome: Isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi lapho ukucindezela okuphezulu kwamaphaphu kuphendula ukugeleza kwegazi nge-defect

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga lingathintelwa ngokubeka iliso okufanele nokwelashwa. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho wezinhliziyo kusiza ekutholeni noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni, lapho zitholakala khona kalula.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-atrial septal defect?

Njengoba i-ASDs ingamaphutha enhliziyo azalwa nawo athuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela. Noma kunjalo, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze unciphise ingozi yamaphutha enhliziyo azalwa nawo ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuqaphela kukugxilwe ekugcineni impilo enhle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqeda izimbangela ezaziwayo uma kungenzeka. Lezi zinyathelo zisekela ukuthuthukiswa komntwana ozelwe, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kahle kwenhliziyo kulezo zinsuku zokuqala ezibalulekile.

Nazi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezingasiza:

• Thatha i-folic acid: Qala ukuthatha ama-micrograms angu-400 nsuku zonke okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukukhulelwa bese uqhubeka nokukhulelwa.
• Phatha izimo ezingapheli: Gcina isifo sikashukela, igazi eliphezulu, nezinye izimo zempilo zilawulwa kahle ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Gwema izinto ezilimazayo: Ungabhemi, ungaphuzi utshwala, noma usebenzise izidakamizwa ezingasemthethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Hlola imithi: Xoxa ngayo yonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ongazithatha nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Thola ukugonywa: Hlala ubuyekeza ukugonywa, ikakhulukazi kwe-rubella, ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukuba nesisindo esinempilo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunciphisa izingozi ezahlukene.
• Uweluleko lwe-genetic: Cabanga ngokwelulekwa uma unemlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Uma usuvele une-ASD, ukuvimbela kugxila ekugwemeni izinhlungu ngokunakekelwa okunjalo kwezokwelapha, ukuhlala usebenza njengoba kunconywe yidokotela wakho, nokuphatha noma yiziphi izimo ezihambisana nazo ngokushesha.

I-atrial septal defect ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-ASD kuqala ngokuvamile lapho udokotela wakho ezwa umsindo ongajwayelekile othiwa yi-heart murmur ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile. Lo murmur ubangelwa ukusabela kwegazi okungajwayelekile ngokusebenza okungalungile, nakuba akuzona zonke i-ASDs ebangela imimurmur engase izwakale.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-ASDs itholakala lapho uhlolwa ngezimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhathala. Kwezinye izimo, zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sezivivinyo ezenziwe ngezizathu ezahlukene, njengokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba noma i-echocardiogram eyenziwe ngesimo esingafani.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuhlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqonda imininingwane yesimo sakho:

• I-Echocardiogram: Loli lolu uhlolo lwe-ultrasound yenhliziyo yakho, luyisivivinyo esiyinhloko esisetshenziswa ekutholeni i-ASDs. Lubonisa usayizi nendawo yobunzima kanye nokuthi igazi elingakanani elidlula kulo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ikhulu kangakanani noma ngabe kukhona izinguquko emaphashini akho ezivela ekusabalaleni kwegazi okukhulu.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Rekhoda umsebenzi wogesi wenhliziyo yakho ukuhlola izinkinga zokulingana noma izimpawu zokukhuluphala kwenhliziyo.
• I-Cardiac catheterization: Ayidingeki njalo ekutholeni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isebenza ekuqondeni ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho nasemaphashini.
• I-CT noma i-MRI scan: Zingasetshenziswa ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane yesakhiwo senhliziyo yakho, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuhlinzwa okuhlolwa.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram: I-probe ekhethekile ye-ultrasound idluliselwa phansi komlomo wakho ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zenhliziyo yakho.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukuba lula futhi ayibuhlungu. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzosebenzisa lezi zihloko ukuze aqonde ukuthi awunayo nje i-ASD, kodwa futhi nobukhulu bayo, uhlobo, nokuthi kubangela yini izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-atrial septal defect?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ASDs kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ubukhulu bobunzima, ukuthi unezimpawu yini, nokuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emsebenzini owengeziwe. I-ASDs encane engabangeli izinkinga ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulandelela okuvamile.

Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzosebenza nawe ukuze unqume indlela engcono kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Umgomo ukunqanda izinkinga ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho, futhi abantu abaningi abane-ASDs baphila impilo evamile ngokuphathwa okuhle.

Nawa amakhetho ayinhloko okwelashwa atholakalayo:

• Ukubheka nje: Ukuqapha njalo nge-echocardiograms uma i-ASD incinyane futhi ayibangeli izimpawu
• Imithi: Imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, yize ingayivali iphutha
• Ukuvalwa okuqondiswe yi-catheter: Inkambiso encane yokungena lapho idivayisi yokuvala ifakwa khona ngomthambo wegazi ukuze ivale iphutha
• Ukulungiswa okuhlinzwayo: Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile ukuze kuvalwe iphutha ngepatshana noma ngokuyiluka ngqo
• Izindlela ezihlanganisiwe: Izindlela ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenzisa kokubili ubuchwepheshe be-catheter kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlinzwa

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kubalulekile. Izinkinga eziningi ze-ASD manje zivalwe ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi izimpawu zivele uma zinkulu noma zikhulu, njengoba lokhu kungavimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izinto ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezici ezithile zephutha lakho lapho ekuncoma ukwelashwa.

Ungayilawula kanjani i-atrial septal defect ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-ASD ekhaya kugxile ekuqondeni impilo enhle yonke futhi kulandela izincomo zedokotela wakho. Kubantu abaningi abane-ASDs ezincane, lokhu kungasho nje ukuphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokuqapha okujwayelekile.

Ukuqonda ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ephephile kuwe kanye nezimpawu okufanele uzilandele. Abantu abaningi abane-ASDs bangabamba iqhaza ekuzivocavoca okujwayelekile nemisebenzi, yize udokotela wakho angaba nezincomo ezithile ngokususelwa esimweni sakho.

Nawa amaqhinga okuzinakekela ekhaya:

• Hlala usebenzayo: Ukuzivocavoca njalo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho kusiza ekuqondiseni inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho.
• Dla ukudla okuhle kwenhliziyo: Gxila ezithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile, ngesikhathi ugcine usawoti namanoni agcwele.
• Thatha imithi njengoba kunqunywe: Uma uthatha imithi yenhliziyo, yithathe ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunywe.
• Qapha izimpawu zakho: Gcina ulandelela noma yikuphi ukushintsha ezingeni lakho lamandla, ukuphefumula, noma ezinye izimpawu.
• Vimbela ukutheleleka: Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle futhi uhlale usesikhathini ngokugoma, ikakhulukazi ngezifo zokuphefumula.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Sebenzisa amasu okuphumula, ukulala okwanele, namasu okulawula ukucindezeleka.
• Gwema ukubhema: Ungabhemi futhi ugweme ukubhema okwesibili, njengoba kungenza izinkinga zenhliziyo nemiphunga zibe zimbi.

Abanye abantu abane-ASDs kudingeka bathathe ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo noma zezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa uma lokhu kuqondana nawe futhi anikeze imiyalo ekhethekile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho we-cardiologist. Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zamanje, imithi, nanoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngesimo sakho noma izinketho zokwelashwa.

Kusiza ukucabanga ngezimpawu zakho kusengaphambili futhi ube ulungele ukuzichaza ngokucacile. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi zaqala nini, yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi, nokuthi zikuthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Nanku okumele ukulungiselele ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho:

• Idayari yezimpawu: Bhala noma iyiphi impumuzu obuye wayibona, ukuthi ivela nini, nokuthi wawenzani ngaleso sikhathi
• Uhlu lwemithi: Letha yonke imithi yakho yamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubhalwa komtholampilo kanye nezinye izithasiselo
• Umbukiso womndeni: Ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga zenhliziyo noma ezinye izimo zempilo emndenini wakho
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yangaphambili: Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo, ama-X-ray, noma amanye amarekhodi ezempilo afanele
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi: Amakhadi akho e-inshorensi nanoma yimaphi amaphepha okubhekisela
• Uhlu lwemibuzo: Bhala imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, noma izincomo zendlela yokuphila

Cabanga ukuthi uletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuqokwa. Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi achaze noma yini ongayiqondi - bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi ngokugcwele ngesimo sakho ncebo yokunakekelwa.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokushoda kwe-atrial septal?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-ASDs ukuthi yizimo ezilawuleka kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi abanayo baphila impilo evamile, enempilo. Nakuba umbono wokuba nelukhohlongqwe enhliziyweni ungase uzwakale uyesabekayo, imithi yanamuhla inezindlela ezinhle zokubeka iliso nokuphatha lezi zinkinga uma kudingeka.

I-ASDs encane ngokuvamile ayidingi noma iyiphi indlela yokwelapha futhi ingase ingabangeli zimpawu kulo lonke impilo yakho. Ezinkulu zingalungiswa ngempumelelo ngezinqubo ezincane noma ukuhlinzwa, okuvumela ukuba ubuyele emisebenzini egcwele ngemva kwalokho.

Ukuze uphathe i-ASD ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nokulandelwa iziphakamiso zabo zokubeka iliso nokwelashwa. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushintsha kubanjwe ngokushesha, futhi iningi lezingxaki lingavikeleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-ASD akukucaci ngempilo yakho noma ukulinganiselwe amandla akho. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ungalandela imigomo yakho, uhlale usebenzayo, futhi ujabulele impilo enhle iminyaka ezayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokushoda kwe-atrial septal

Ungaphila yini impilo evamile une-atrial septal defect?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-ASDs baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele. Ukungapheleli okuncane ngokuvamile akubangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukulinganiselwa, futhi ngisho nalabo abakhulu bangaphathwa ngempumelelo. Abantu abaningi bahlanganyela ekuzivocavoca okuvamile, banezimisebenzi, futhi bakhuliswa imindeni ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa okuhlobene ne-ASD yabo.

Ukuqonda ukuthi usebenza nodokotela wakho we-cardiologist ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile nokulandela iziphakamiso zabo zokubeka amehlo noma ukwelashwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, i-ASD ayidingi ukuthinta ikhwalithi yempilo yakho noma isikhathi sokuphila.

Ingabe i-ASD yami izovala yodwa?

Ezinye i-ASDs ezincane zingavala ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ikakhulukazi lezo ezincane kune-3-4 millimeters. Noma kunjalo, i-ASDs esalokhu ikhona ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3 ayinaso ithuba lokuvala yodwa futhi cishe izohlala ingasizi noma ingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzolandelela i-ASD yakho nge-echocardiograms ejwayelekile ukubona ukuthi ishintsha yini ngobukhulu. Ngisho noma ingavali ngokwemvelo, i-ASDs emincane eminingi ayidingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokubuka.

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuphephile uma ngine-atrial septal defect?

Abantu abaningi abane-ASDs bangazivocavoca ngokuphephile futhi bakhuthazwa ukuthi bahlale bekhuthele ngokomzimba. Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile empeleni kuzuzisa impilo yomkhulu wakho kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Noma kunjalo, imisebenzi ethile ephephile kuwe ixhomeke ebukhulu be-ASD yakho nokuthi ibingela yini noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Udokotela wakho wezinhliziyo angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komzimba ukuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emisebenzini yomzimba. Ngokwezimpumelelo, bangakunika izinkombandlela eziqondene nomuntu mayelana nemisebenzi ephephile nokuthi udinga yini ukulinganiselwa.

Ngingawadinga yini ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwezinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo?

Abantu abaningi abane-ASDs abadingi ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwezinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo. Imihlahlandlela yamanje ikhuthaza kuphela ukuvimbela ama-antibiotics kubantu abasezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokutheleleka okukhulu, okuhlanganisa ngokuvamile labo abanohlobo oluthile lwama-valve enhliziyo emitheni noma ukutheleleka kwangaphambili kwenhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, izincomo zingashintsha, futhi isimo sakho esithile singase sibehlukile. Qala uhlale uhlola nodokotela wakho wezinhliziyo ukuthi udinga yini ama-antibiotics ngaphambi komsebenzi wamazinyo noma ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha.

Ingabe abesifazane abane-ASDs bangaba nabantwana ngokuphephile?

Abesifazane abaningi abane-ASDs bangaba nokukhulelwa okuhle nokukhulelwa okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulelwa kuyafaka umthwalo owengeziwe enhliziyweni yakho, ngakho kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinhlelo zakho nodokotela wakho wezinhliziyo nodokotela wakho wezifo zokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Odokotela bakho bangase bakhuthaze ukuvala i-ASD enkulu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa uma kubangela izimpawu noma ukukhula kwenhliziyo. Bazofuna futhi ukukugcina uqaphele kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nengane yakho nihlala niphilile kulo lonke leli qophelo.