Hepatitis Ye-Autoimmune

I-hepatitis yokuzenzela yisifo sesibindi esenzeka lapho isimo sokuvikela somzimba sihlasela isibindi. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni, ekucasukeni nasekonakaleni kwesibindi. Imbangela eqondile ye-hepatitis yokuzenzela ayicaci, kodwa kubonakala sengathi izici zofuzo nezemvelo zihlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kuqalwe lesi sifo. I-hepatitis yokuzenzela engaphathwe ingabangela ukuba isibindi sibe nemivimbo, okuthiwa yi-cirrhosis. Ingabangela nokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi ekugcineni. Kodwa-ke, uma ixilongwe futhi iphiliswe ngokushesha, i-hepatitis yokuzenzela ngokuvamile ingalawulwa ngemithi ecindezela isimo sokuvikela somzimba. Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi kungaba yindlela uma i-hepatitis yokuzenzela ingaphenduli emithini noma isifo sesibindi sibe sibi.

Izimpawu ze-autoimmune hepatitis ziyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamuntu futhi zingase ziqale ngokuzumayo. Abanye abantu banezinkinga ezimbalwa, uma kukhona, ezaziwayo ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, kuyilapho abanye behlangabezana nezimpawu ezingafaka: Ukukhathala. Ubuhlungu besisu. Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba nezinye zeziso, okuthiwa yi-jaundice. Kuye ngombala wesikhumba, lushintsho lungase lube nzima noma kube lula ukubona. Isibindi esikhulu. Imithambo yegazi engavamile esikhumbeni, okuthiwa yi-spider angiomas. Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba. Ubuhlungu bezingqondo. Ukulahleka kwezinkathi zenyanga. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezinkinga zempilo ezikukhathazayo.

I-hepatitis yokuzenzela ivela lapho isimo somzimba sokuvikela, esivame ukuhlasela ama-virus, iintsholongwane nezinye izinto ezingabangela izifo, esikhundleni salo sihlasela isibindi. Lo mhlaselelo esibindini ungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli ixesha elide kunye nonakalipho olukhulu kwizicubu zesibindi. Akucaci ukuba kutheni umzimba uzihlasela, kodwa abaphandi bacabanga ukuba i-hepatitis yokuzenzela ingabangelwa kukudibana kwamajini alawula umsebenzi we-immune system kunye nokutyhilelwa kuma-virus okanye kwimithi.

Iingcali zifumene iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-hepatitis yokuzenzela.

• Uhlobo 1 lwe-hepatitis yokuzenzela. Olu lolona hlobo lwesifo oluqhelekileyo. Lungavela kwixesha elithile. Malunga nehafu yabantu abane-hepatitis yokuzenzela uhlobo 1 banezinye izifo zokuzenzela, ezinjenge-celiac disease, i-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-ulcerative colitis.
• Uhlobo 2 lwe-hepatitis yokuzenzela. Nangona abantu abadala banokuthuthukisa i-hepatitis yokuzenzela uhlobo 2, iqhelekile kubantwana nakwintsha. Ezinye izifo zokuzenzela zingakhambisana nohlobo lwe-hepatitis yokuzenzela.

Izici ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-hepatitis yokuzivikela kwemizimba zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesifazane. Nakuba kokubili amadoda nabesifazane bengathuthukisa i-hepatitis yokuzivikela kwemizimba, le gciwane livame kakhulu kwabesifazane.
• I-jenetiki. Ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi ukunqabela i-hepatitis yokuzivikela kwemizimba kungase kuqhubeke emindenini.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuzivikela kwemizimba. Abantu abasenesifo sokuzivikela kwemizimba, njenge-celiac disease, i-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-hyperthyroidism (i-Graves' disease noma i-Hashimoto thyroiditis), bangase babe nethuba elikhulu lokuthola i-hepatitis yokuzivikela kwemizimba.

Ama-varices e-esophagus ayizicubu zezinhlungu ezinkulu e-esophagus. Zivame ukubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi nge-portal vein, ethwala igazi evela emgqeni ukuya e-liver.

I-hepatitis ye-autoimmune engaphathwe ingabangela ukwenzakala okuhlala njalo kwezicubu ze-liver, okuyaziwa ngokuthi yi-cirrhosis. Izinkinga ze-cirrhosis zihlanganisa:

• Izicubu zezinhlungu ezinkulu e-esophagus, ebizwa ngama-esophageal varices. I-portal vein ithwala igazi evela emgqeni ukuya e-liver. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi nge-portal vein kuvinjelwe, igazi lingabuya kwezinye izicubu zegazi, ikakhulukazi ezisengotini nase-esophagus.

Lezi zicubu zegazi zinezindonga ezinqunu. Futhi ngoba zigcwaliswa igazi elingaphezu kwalokho okufanele zikuthwale, kungenzeka ukuthi zikhiphe igazi. Ukopha okukhulu e-esophagus noma esiswini kulezi zicubu zegazi kuyisimangalo esiyingozi elikhulu lokuphila esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Umanzi esiswini, obizwa ngokuthi yi-ascites (uh-SY-teez). Ubuhlungu be-liver bungabangela ukwakheka kwamanzi amaningi esiswini. I-Ascites ingaba buhlungu futhi ingaphazamisa ukuphefumula. Ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso se-cirrhosis esithuthukile.
• Ukwehluleka kwe-liver. Ukwehluleka kwe-liver kwenzeka uma ukonakala okukhulu kwamashelu e-liver kwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-liver isebenze kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, kudingeka ukutshalwa kwe-liver.
• Umgwala we-liver. Abantu abane-cirrhosis banesongo elikhulu lomdlavuza we-liver.

Izicubu zezinhlungu ezinkulu e-esophagus, ebizwa ngama-esophageal varices. I-portal vein ithwala igazi evela emgqeni ukuya e-liver. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi nge-portal vein kuvinjelwe, igazi lingabuya kwezinye izicubu zegazi, ikakhulukazi ezisengotini nase-esophagus.

Lezi zicubu zegazi zinezindonga ezinqunu. Futhi ngoba zigcwaliswa igazi elingaphezu kwalokho okufanele zikuthwale, kungenzeka ukuthi zikhiphe igazi. Ukopha okukhulu e-esophagus noma esiswini kulezi zicubu zegazi kuyisimangalo esiyingozi elikhulu lokuphila esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-liver biopsy yinqubo yokususa isibonelo esincane sethishu ye-liver ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. Ukwenziwa kwe-liver biopsy kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufaka inhlanzi ecwebezelayo ngesikhumba bese kuya e-liver.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekutholakala kwe-autoimmune hepatitis zifaka:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Ukuhlola isibonelo segazi ngama-antibodies kungakwahlukanisa i-autoimmune hepatitis ne-viral hepatitis nezinye izimo ezinawo ama-symptom afanayo. Izivivinyo ze-antibody ziyasiza ekuboniseni uhlobo lwe-autoimmune hepatitis onayo.
• I-liver biopsy. Isibonelo sethishu ye-liver singathintwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuthola amazinga nohlobo lolonakaliso lwe-liver. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-biopsy, inhlanzi ecwebezelayo idluliselwa e-liver ngesigamu esincane esikhumbeni. Inhlanzi isetshenziswa ukuthatha isibonelo esincane sethishu ye-liver. Isibonelo bese sithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe.

Umgomo wokwelapha isifo se-autoimmune hepatitis ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukuhlaselwa kwe-immune system e-liver. Lokhu kungasiza ekwandiseni isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba isifo sibe sibi. Ukufeza lo mgomo, cishe uzodinga imithi ephansi umsebenzi we-immune system. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kuvame ukuba yi-prednisone. Imithi yesibili, i-azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), ingase icelwe ngaphezu kwe-prednisone. I-Prednisone, ikakhulukazi uma ithathwa isikhathi eside, ingabangela uchungechunge olukhulu lweziphumo ezibuhlungu, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, amathambo abuthakathaka noma aphukile, igazi eliphezulu, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, nokukhuluphala. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bavame ukuqaphela i-prednisone ngenani elikhulu cishe inyanga yokuqala yokwelashwa. Khona-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yeziphumo ezibuhlungu, banciphise kancane inani ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezilandelayo kuze kube yilapho befika enanini eliphansi kakhulu elilawula isifo. Ukuthuthukisa i-azathioprine kusiza futhi ugweme iziphumo ezibuhlungu ze-prednisone. Nakuba ungase uthole ukuthula kwesikhathi esithile eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, isifo sivame ukubuyela uma imithi iyeka. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ungase udinga ukwelashwa okuphila kwakho konke. Ukutshalwa kwe-Liver Uma imithi ingayeki isifo sibe sibi noma uthole ama-scaring angaphulukiswa - okuthiwa yi-cirrhosis - noma ukwehluleka kwe-liver, inketho eseleyo ukutshalwa kwe-liver. Ngesikhathi sokutshalwa kwe-liver, i-liver yakho egulayo isuswa bese ithathelwa indawo yi-liver enempilo evela kumnikelo. Ukutshalwa kwe-liver kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-liver avela kubanikazi abafile be-organ. Kwezinye izimo, ukutshalwa kwe-liver evela kumnikelo ophilayo kungasetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokutshalwa kwe-liver evela kumnikelo ophilayo, uthola ingxenye kuphela ye-liver enempilo evela kumnikelo ophilayo. Womabili ama-liver aqala ukukhulisa amangqamuzana amasha ngokushesha. Olunye Ulwazi Ukutshalwa kwe-Liver Cela i-aphoyintimenti