Created at:1/16/2025
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I-Basal cell carcinoma uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba, oluthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye. Lo mdlavuza okhula kancane ukhula kumaseli e-basal akha isigaba esisezantsi sobuso besikhumba sakho.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-basal cell carcinoma ayivame ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho futhi iyakwelashwa kalula uma itholakala ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi abathuthukisa lesi simo bangalindela imiphumela emihle ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele.
I-Basal cell carcinoma yakhiwa lapho i-DNA kumaseli e-basal esikhumba sakho yonakele, ngokuvamile ngokuvezwa elangeni. La maseli ahlala phansi kwe-epidermis yakho, isigaba sangaphandle sesikhumba.
Uma la maseli ekhula ngokungavamile, akha ama-bumps amancane noma ama-patches esikhumbeni sakho angapholi kahle. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-basal cell carcinoma ikhula kancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ihlala endaweni eyodwa kunokuba isabalale kulo lonke umzimba.
Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuvamile lubonakala ezindaweni ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga njalo. Ubuso bakho, intamo, izingalo, nezandla yizindawo ezivamile lapho ungase uqaphele khona izinguquko.
I-Basal cell carcinoma ingabonakala ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene esikhumbeni sakho. Okubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko okufanele uzibheke ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwakho njalo isikhumba.
Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:
Ezinye izindlela ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-lesion e-brown noma emnyama, noma indawo ebonakala njenge-eczema kodwa ingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile. Lezi zinguquko zingenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima, kungakho ukubhekwa komqeqeshi kubalulekile.
Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-basal cell carcinomas ngokuvamile ayilimazi noma ayikhohlisi. Awungase uzwe lutho, okwenza ukuhlola njalo kwesikhumba ngamehlo kube yigugu nakakhulu.
I-Basal cell carcinoma iza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, ngayinye inokubonakala kwayo kanye nesimilo sokukhula. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukubona izinkinga ezingase zibe khona esikhumbeni sakho.
Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-nodular basal cell carcinoma, ebonakala njenge-bump enkulu, e-pearly. Lolu hlobo lukhula kancane futhi ngokuvamile kulula ukulibona ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okuqhakazile.
I-Superficial basal cell carcinoma ibonakala njenge-patch e-flat, ebomvu, e-scaly engase ibonakale njenge-eczema noma i-psoriasis. Lolu hlobo lusabalala ngaphandle kobuso besikhumba kunokuba lukhule ngokujulile, okwenza kube lula ukulwelapha.
I-Morpheaform noma i-infiltrative basal cell carcinoma ibonakala njengendawo e-waxy, efana ne-scar enomngcele ongaqondakali kahle. Lolu hlobo lungaba inselele ukulwelapha ngoba lukhula ngokujulile esikhumbeni futhi lunemigqa engavamile.
I-Pigmented basal cell carcinoma inama-melanin, okunika umbala o-brown noma omnyama ongadideka ne-mole. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-basal cell carcinoma ukuphazamiseka kwe-DNA yesikhumba sakho okuvela e-ultraviolet radiation. Lolu liphutha ngokuvamile luyakha eminyakeni eminingi yokuvezwa elangeni.
Nanku okutholakala kule mdlavuza wesikhumba:
Ezinye izici ze-genetic zingase futhi zidlale indima. Uma unezimo ezithile eziwusifa njenge-Gorlin syndrome noma i-xeroderma pigmentosum, ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu ngenxa yokukhubazeka komzimba wakho ekulungiseni ukuphazamiseka kwe-DNA.
Ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile ezikhemikhali njenge-arsenic, noma ukuba nokuhlupheka kokukhubazeka kokukhubazeka kokukhubazeka komzimba okuvela emithi noma ezimweni zezokwelapha, kungase futhi kuhlanganyele engozini yakho. Ukwelashwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation therapy kungase kukhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwe-basal cell carcinoma endaweni ewelashwe eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
Kufanele ubheke udokotela noma nini lapho uqaphela khona ukukhula okusha esikhumbeni sakho noma izinguquko endaweni ekhona. Ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza ukwelashwa kube nomphumela kakhulu futhi kube lula.
Hlela i-appointment uma uqaphela i-sore engapholi phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, ikakhulukazi uma iphuza igazi, ibe yi-crusts, noma ivulwa njalo. Noma iyiphi i-bump entsha, i-patch, noma indawo ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifuna ukunakekelwa komqeqeshi.
Gcina amehlo ezinguqukweni ezindaweni ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga njalo. Uma ubona noma yini ebonakala ingavamile ebusweni bakho, ezindlebeni, entanyeni, ezingalweni, noma ezandleni, kufanele uhlolwe.
Ungalindi uma unezici eziningi ezingozi zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ukuhlola njalo kwesikhumba kuba yigugu nakakhulu uma unesikhumba esimhlophe, umlando wokuvezwa elangeni, noma amalungu omndeni ane-skin cancer.
Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwe-basal cell carcinoma. Ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuvimbela nokuhlola.
Izici ezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:
Ezinye izici ezingavamile kodwa eziqakathekile zihlanganisa ukuba nokuhlupheka kokukhubazeka kokukhubazeka komzimba okuvela emithi yokutshalwa kwezitho noma ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha. Abantu abanezifo ezimbi ze-genetic njenge-albinism noma i-xeroderma pigmentosum babhekene nengozi enkulu.
Ukwelashwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation therapy, ukuvezwa e-arsenic, noma ukuba nama-moles amaningi kungase futhi kukhulise amathuba akho. Ngisho noma unezici eziningi ezingozi, khumbula ukuthi i-basal cell carcinoma iyakwelashwa kalula uma itholakala ngokushesha.
Nakuba i-basal cell carcinoma ngokuvamile ayiyona into eyingozi ekuphileni, ukuyishiya ingalashwa kungase kube nezinkinga eziningi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga liyavimbeka ngokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Inkinga evamile kakhulu ukulimala kwezicubu zendawo njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka ukukhula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-basal cell carcinoma engalashwanga ingabhubhisa isikhumba esizungezile, imisipha, ngisho namathambo endaweni ethintekile.
Nazi izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke okufanele uzibheke:
Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, izinhlobo ezithile ezinamandla ze-basal cell carcinoma zingasabalala ezindaweni eziseduze ze-lymph noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% yezimo futhi ngokuvamile kuphela lapho ama-tumors ehlale engakhathalelwanga iminyaka eminingi.
Umphumela wobuhlungu awufanele uhlale ungabonakali. Izinguquko ezibonakalayo ekuqondeni kwakho zingathinta ukuzethemba kwakho kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwakho, okwenza ukwelashwa ngokushesha kube yigugu nakakhulu.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-basal cell carcinoma ukulinda isikhumba sakho e-UV radiation kulo lonke impilo yakho. Iningi lamacala liyavimbeka ngezindlela ezivamile zokuphepha elangeni.
Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela:
Khumbula ukuthi imizamo yokuvimbela ikuzuzisa kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Ngisho noma uke waba nokuvezwa okukhulu elangeni esikhathini esidlule, ukulinda isikhumba sakho manje kungavimbela ukonakala okwengeziwe nokunciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesikhumba esikhathini esizayo.
Ukufundisa abantwana ngokuphepha elangeni kudala imikhuba yokuphila yonke eyancipha kakhulu ingozi yabo. Njengoba iningi lokonakala okuholela emdlavuzweni wesikhumba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sobuntwana nasesikhathini sobusha, imfundo yasekuqaleni yenza umehluko ohlala njalo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-basal cell carcinoma ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo udokotela wakho noma i-dermatologist. Bayobheka eduze noma yiziphi izindawo ezimbi futhi babuze ngezinguquko ozibonile.
Uma udokotela wakho ekungabaza i-basal cell carcinoma, bayokwenza i-skin biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye encane yethishu embi ukuhlola ngaphansi komkhiqizo.
Inqubo ye-biopsy ngokuvamile iyashesha futhi ilula. Udokotela wakho uzoqeda indawo nge-local anesthetic, bese ususa isampula encane usebenzisa enye yezindlela eziningi kuye ngobukhulu nendawo ye-lesion.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-punch biopsy elula noma i-shave biopsy inikeza ithishu eyanele yokuxilongwa. I-pathologist izohlola isampula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli omdlavuza akhona nokuthola uhlobo oluthile lwe-basal cell carcinoma.
Imiphumela ngokuvamile ibuyela emuva ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa. Uma i-biopsy iqinisekisa i-basal cell carcinoma, udokotela wakho uzoqala ukuxoxa ngezindlela zokwelapha kuye ngobukhulu, indawo, nohlobo lomdlavuza olutholakele.
Ukuphathwa kwe-basal cell carcinoma kuncike ezintweni eziningi kuhlanganise nobukhulu, indawo, nohlobo lomdlavuza. Isizathu sihlala ukususa wonke amaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi kulondolozwa ithishu enempilo kanye nomsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kwabaningi be-basal cell carcinomas, ukususa ngokusebenza kuyindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo. Ukukhipha okulula kuhilela ukukhipha i-tumor kanye nomngcele omncane wethishu enempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli omdlavuza asuswe.
Nazi izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko udokotela wakho angase azincoma:
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs kunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokululama ngoba udokotela ohlola isampula yethishu ngesikhathi senqubo ukuqinisekisa ukususa okuphelele. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-tumors ebusweni noma kwezinye izindawo lapho ukulondolozwa kwethishu enempilo kubalulekile khona.
Kwezimo eziphambili kakhulu noma ezingavamile ezisabalalile, imithi ye-targeted therapy noma i-immunotherapy ingase icatshangelwe. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimo azivamile ngenxa yokuthi i-basal cell carcinoma iyakwelashwa kalula uma itholakala ngokushesha.
Nakuba ukwelashwa komtholampilo okufanele kubalulekile kwe-basal cell carcinoma, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya okufanele kungasekele ukululama kwakho nokududuzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukugxila kwakho okukhulu kufanele kube ukulinda indawo yokwelashwa nokulandela imiyalo ethile yodokotela wakho.
Ngemva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, gcina isifo sihlanzekile futhi siwomile njengoba kunconywe. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalo ethile yokunakekelwa kwesifo, okuhlanganisa ngokuvamile ukuhlanza okuthambile nokufaka ama-ointments noma ama-dressings.
Nanku ukuthi ungayisekela kanjani impilo yakho ekhaya:
Uma usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwendawo njenge-imiquimod, linda ukuqabuka kwesikhumba njengengxenye yempendulo evamile. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele nokuthi nini okufanele uxhumane nabo ngezimpawu ezingalindelekile.
Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ngokuvamile kulula ngemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ubuhlungu buthambile futhi bulawuleka nge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen njengoba kunconywe udokotela wabo.
Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kunikeze udokotela wakho ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukulungiselela kancane kungenza ukuxhumana kube nomphumela kakhulu futhi kube oluphelele.
Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, yenza uhlu lwezinguquko zesikhumba ozibonile, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Thatha izithombe uma kungenzeka ukuze ubonise intuthuko.
Bula ulwazi mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kuhlanganise noma yimiphi imidlavuza yesikhumba yangaphambili, ukuvezwa elangeni okukhulu, noma umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ngemithi oyithatha nanoma yimiphi imithi oyitholile ngaphambili.
Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza ukuze ungayikhohlwa ngesikhathi se-appointment. Imibuzo evamile ingase ihlanganise izindlela zokwelapha, isikhathi sokululama esilindelwe, kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okulandelayo.
Gwema ukufaka i-makeup, i-lotion, noma ezinye izinto endaweni ofuna ukuyihlanza. Gqoka izingubo ezivumela ukufinyelela okulula kunoma yiziphi izindawo ozikhathazekile ngazo.
I-Basal cell carcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluyakwelashwa kalula uma lutholakala futhi lulashwe ngokushesha. Izinga lokululama liphezulu kunama-95% kwabaningi, okwenza ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezinguquko zesikhumba ezimbi kube yigugu kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela ngokulinda elangeni kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nokukhula kwe-basal cell carcinoma. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sunscreen nsuku zonke, izingubo ezivikela, nokugwema ama-tanning beds kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.
Ukuhlola kwesikhumba siqu njalo nokuhlolwa komqeqeshi kusiza ukubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha lapho ukwelashwa kunomphumela khona. Unganqikazi ukubheka izindawo ezimbi, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-basal cell carcinoma akuchazi ikusasa lakho lempilo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokulinda isikhumba esiqhubekayo, abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo.
I-Basal cell carcinoma ingabuya endaweni efanayo uma wonke amaseli omdlavuza angasuswanga ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Izinga lokubuya liphansi kakhulu ngokwelashwa okuqondile kokusebenza, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-5% ngokususa okuvamile futhi liphansi nakakhulu ngokuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs.
Ukuba ne-basal cell carcinoma eyodwa kukhuphula ingozi yakho yokukhula kwentsha kwezinye izindawo. Kungakho ukulinda elangeni okuqhubekayo nokuhlola njalo kwesikhumba kuba yigugu nakakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala.
Nakuba i-basal cell carcinoma ngokwayo ayidluliselwa ngqo, izici ze-genetic zingathinta ingozi yakho. Isikumba esimhlophe, amehlo amhlophe, nobunzima bokuthola umbala yizici eziwusifa ezikhuphula ukubhekana nokonakala kwe-UV.
Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile njenge-Gorlin syndrome zikhuphula kakhulu ingozi ye-basal cell carcinoma. Noma kunjalo, kwabaningi, ukuvezwa elangeni kuhlala kuyimbangela eyinhloko kunokuba kube yi-genetics kuphela.
I-Basal cell carcinoma ngokuvamile ikhula kancane kakhulu ngezinyanga noma eminyakeni. Lokhu kukhula kancane empeleni kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi iyakwelashwa kalula, njengoba kukunika isikhathi sokuqaphela izinguquko nokufuna ukwelashwa.
Izinga lokukhula lingase lihluke kuye ngohlobo nendawo. Ezinye izinhlobo eziphezulu zingase zisabalale ngokushesha ngaphandle, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-nodular zithambekele ekukhuleni kancane futhi ngokubikezelwayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-basal cell carcinoma zingalashwa ngezindlela ezingelona ukuhlinzwa njengemithi yendawo, i-cryotherapy, noma i-radiation therapy. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlinzwa kuhlala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu ngoba kuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kokususa okuphelele.
Izindlela ezingelona ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile zigcinelwe i-basal cell carcinomas eziphezulu ezindaweni ezithile noma kubantu abangabantu abafanele ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma indlela engcono kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho siqu.
I-Basal cell carcinoma engalashwanga izoqhubeka ikhula kancane futhi ekugcineni ingabangela ukonakala okukhulu kwezicubu zendawo. Nakuba ingavamile ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ingabhubhisa isikhumba esizungezile, imisipha, ngisho namathambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-basal cell carcinoma cishe iyakwelashwa njalo, ngisho noma isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu kanye nezinqubo ezincane.