Ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet luyisimo esingavamile se-autoimmune esibangela ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lesi simo esingapheli siqamba iphethini yokuvuvukala nokuphulukana, okusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyaza futhi ziyeka ngokungalindelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga ngesistimu yakho yokukhulula njengokuvimbela ngokujwayelekile ekuhlaselweni kwabaphangi ababi. Ekuguleni kukaBehcet, lesi simo sokuvikela sihlasele ngokungalungile izicubu eziphilile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Lesi simo siqanjwe ngegama likaHulusi Behcet, udokotela wezisu waseTurkey, owachaza okokuqala ngo-1937.

Ziyini izimpawu zokugula kukaBehcet?

Isibonakaliso esivamile futhi esivame ukuba yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokugula kukaBehcet yizilonda ezinobuhlungu zomlomo ezibukeka zifana nezilonda ze-canker. Lezi zilonda ngokuvamile zivele olulimi, emagageni, noma ngaphakathi emathangeni akho futhi zingenza ukudla nokukhuluma kube nzima.

Umkhabo wakho ungabonisa izimpawu eziningi ezahlukene ngoba ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet bungathinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Izilonda zomlomo: Izilonda ezinobuhlungu, ezizungezile, ezinemibala emhlophe noma ephuzi eziphulukayo phakathi kwamasonto angu-1-3
• Izilonda zobulili: Izilonda ezifanayo ezinobuhlungu ezivela ezihlokweni zobulili ezingase zishiye amabala
• Izinkinga zesikhumba: Amabala abomvu, abuthakathaka noma amabala afana ne-acne, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni nasemfubheni
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo: Ubomvu, ubuhlungu, ukubona okungacaceki, noma ukuncipha kokukhanya
• Ubuhlungu bejoyinti: Ukukhula nokuqina, ngokuvamile emadokodweni, ezinkinini, ezinzwini, noma ezingalweni

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína. Lezi zingafaka izingcindezi ezinzima, ukudideka, noma izinkinga zokulinganisela uma uhlelo lwezinzwa luhilelekile. Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi kungase kubangele ama-blood clots noma ama-aneurysms ezimweni ezingavamile.

Ukuqagela okungalindelekile kwezimpawu kusho ukuthi ungaba nezinkathi lapho uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele, ulandelelwe yizimpawu ezingase zihlale izinsuku kuya emaviki. Leli phethini liyinto evamile ngokugula kukaBehcet futhi alibiki ukuthi isimo sakho siyasiba sibi.

Yini ebangela ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet?

Imbangela eqondile yokugula kukaBehcet ayikaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuvela ngokuhlanganiswa kokuthambekela kwezakhiwo nezinqubo zemvelo. Isistimu yakho yokukhulula ngokuyisisekelo iyadida futhi iqala ukuhlasele izicubu zakho eziphilile.

I-genetics idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo. Abantu abanezimpawu ezithile ze-genetic, ikakhulukazi i-HLA-B51, banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nalezi zinto ze-genetic akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzophumelela lesi simo.

Izinto zemvelo zingase zisebenze njengezinqubo eziqalisa isifo kubantu abathintekayo ngokwezakhiwo. Lezi zinqubo ezingase zibe khona zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral noma i-bacterial
• Imithi ethile
• Ukulimala komzimba noma ukulimala
• Ukuqina noma ukuguquguquka komzwelo
• Ukuguquguquka kwe-hormonal

Lesi sifo sivela kakhulu kubantu basemazweni aseMeditheraeni, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseMpumalanga Asia. Leli phethini le-geographic libonisa kokubili izizukulwane ze-genetic nezinto zemvelo kulezi zindawo ezingase zinikeze ekuthuthukiseni isifo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yokugula kukaBehcet?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezilonda ezivamile zomlomo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezifana nezilonda zobulili, izinkinga zesikhumba, noma ukuvuvukala kwamehlo. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinzima nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa ukuguquka kokubona okungazelelwe, izingcindezi ezinzima, noma izimpawu zezinzwa ezifana nokudideka noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. Lezi zingase zibonise ukuhileleka kwamehlo akho noma uhlelo lwezinzwa, oludinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela izimpawu zama-blood clots, ezifana nobuhlungu benyawo nokuvuvukala, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni. Nakuba kungavamile, ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet bungabangela izinkinga ezingozi zemithambo yegazi ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi yokugula kukaBehcet?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Isizinda sakho se-genetic sithinta kakhulu ingozi yakho. Abantu baseMeditheraeni, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, noma abantu baseMpumalanga Asia banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokugula kukaBehcet. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu eTurkey, lapho sithinta abantu abangaba ngu-400 ngabantu abangu-100,000.

Ubudala nobulili futhi bidlala indima ephakeme ekuhlangenwe nakho kwengozi yakho:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaningi bathuthukisa izimpawu phakathi kweminyaka engu-20-40
• Iphethini yobulili: Amadoda nabesifazane bahlanganyela ngokulinganayo, kodwa amadoda angase abe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezine-Behcet's disease kukhuphula ingozi yakho
• Izimpawu ze-genetic: Ukuphatha i-HLA-B51 noma ezinye i-genes ezithile kukhuphula amathuba akho

Izinto zemvelo zingase futhi zinikeze ekuhlangenwe nakho kwengozi yakho. Ukuphila ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-geographic, ukukhishwa kokutheleleka okuthile, noma ukuba nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune kungase kukhulise amathuba akho okukhula ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yokugula kukaBehcet?

Abantu abaningi abane-Behcet's disease baphatha izimpawu zabo kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele, kodwa abanye bangase bathuthukise izinkinga ezinzima. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima azivamile, ikakhulukazi ngokuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokukhathalela okufanele.

Izinkinga zamehlo zingase zibe phakathi kwezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ngoba zingase ziholele ezinkingeni zokubona uma zingaphathwa. Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukubona okungacaceki, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukulahleka kokubona okungapheli noma ubuthakathaka.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingase zenzeke:

• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Uveitis, ama-cataracts, i-glaucoma, noma ukulimala kwe-retina
• Izinkinga zemithambo yegazi: Ama-blood clots, ama-aneurysms, noma ukuvinjwa kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukuhileleka kohlelo lwezinzwa: I-meningitis, ukuvuvukala kwengqondo, noma izimpawu ezifana nokushaya
• Izinkinga zesisu: Izilonda zesisu, ukuphuza igazi, noma ukuqhekeka
• Ukulimala kwejoyinti: I-arthritis engapheli noma ukuguqulwa kwejoyinti

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingafaka izinkinga zenhliziyo, ukuhileleka kwesibindi, noma ukulimala okunzima kohlelo lwezinzwa. Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi kungase kuholele ezimweni ezingozi ezifana nama-pulmonary artery aneurysms noma ama-blood clots amakhulu.

Ukulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo kusiza ekutholeni izinkinga kwasekuqaleni lapho zitholakala khona kalula. Abantu abaningi abane-Behcet's disease baphila impilo evamile, ephumelelayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo.

Ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet buxilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet kungaba inselele ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa olulodwa olungaqinisekisa lesi simo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa iphethini yakho yesimpawu, umlando wezokwelapha, nokuhlolwa komzimba ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kulandela izindinganiso ezimiswe ezigxile ezimpawu zakho eziyinhloko. Izilonda ezivamile zomlomo zibhekwa njengezibalulekile, futhi udinga okungenani ezimbili zalezi zimpawu ezengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Izilonda zobulili
• Amabala athile esikhumba
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
• Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-pathergy (ukuphendula kwesikhumba ekugwazeni kwenaliti)

Udokotela wakho angase a-ode ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo futhi ahlole ukuhileleka kwezitho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola izimpawu zokuvuvukala nezinto ze-genetic ezifana ne-HLA-B51, nakuba lezi azixilongi ngokwazo.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe zemithambo yegazi, noma i-biopsies yamabala esikhumba. Ukuhlolwa kwe-pathergy kuhilela ukugcoba isikhumba sakho ngenaliti ehlanzekile ukubona uma uthuthukisa ibambe eliqinisile phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokugula kukaBehcet?

Ukwelashwa kokugula kukaBehcet kugxile ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ukuvimbela izimpawu, nokuvikela izitho zakho ekubeni limale. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu onazo nokuthi zingakanani.

Imithi yiyona ndawo ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokugula kukaBehcet. Udokotela wakho angase aqale ngokwelashwa kwendawo yezilonda zomlomo nezobulili, bese engeza imithi yesistimu uma kudingeka izimpawu eziningi.

Amathuba avamile okwelashwa afaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwendawo: Ama-corticosteroid gels noma ama-rinses ezilondeni
• Colchicine: Kusiza ekuvimbeleni amabala esikhumba nobuhlungu bejoyinti
• Ama-immunosuppressants: I-Methotrexate, i-azathioprine, noma i-cyclosporine ezimpawu ezinzima
• Ama-Biologics: Ama-TNF inhibitors afana ne-infliximab ezimweni ezinzima
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane ngesikhathi sezimo ezinzima

Ngokuhileleka kwamehlo, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi enamandla ye-immunosuppressive ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokubona. Izinkinga zemithambo yegazi zingase zidinga ama-anticoagulants noma ukungenelela kokwelapha ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuyisikhathi eside futhi kungase kudinge ukulungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulandelela njalo kusiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo ukuthi lilinganise ukusebenza kokwelashwa futhi liqaphele imiphumela emibi yemithi.

Ungaphatha kanjani ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet kanye nokwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Ukuguqulwa okulula kwesitayela sempilo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa indlela ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukucindezeleka komzwelo nomzimba kungase kubangele izimpawu. Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, ukulala okwanele, nezinqubo zokupumula ezifana nokucamngca noma ukuphefumula okujulile kungasiza ekuqondeni amazinga okucindezeleka.

Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ekhaya:

• Ukukhathalela komlomo: Sebenzisa ama-mouthwashes abuthakathaka, angenayo i-alcohol namabhrashi amazinyo abuthakathaka
• Ukuguqulwa kokudla: Gwema ukudla okunoshukela, okunomswakama, noma okunzima ngesikhathi sezimo zezilonda zomlomo
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Sebenzisa izindlela zokupumula, gcina amashejuli okulala avamile
• Ukuvikela isikhumba: Gwema ukulimala esikhumbeni, sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba ebuthakathaka
• Ukukhathalela amehlo: Gqoka izibuko, sebenzisa izinyembezi ezingezona ze-artificial uma amehlo akho omile

Gcina idayari yesimpawu ukuze ubone izinto ezibangela izimpawu zakho neziphethini. Lolu lwazi lukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo ezinhle zokwelashwa futhi mhlawumbe nivikele izimpawu zesikhathi esizayo.

Hlala uxhumene namaqembu asekelayo noma imiphakathi eku-inthanethi yabantu abane-Behcet's disease. Ukubambisana namava nabanye abantu abaqonda isimo sakho kungakunika ukwesekwa komzwelo nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuphatha usuku nosuku.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kahle i-appointment yakho yodokotela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho se-appointment. Letha uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Bhala izimpawu zakho ngezithombe uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi amabala esikhumba noma izilonda ezingase ziphulukile ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho. Gcina idayari yesimpawu ubhale izinsuku, ubukhulu, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezibangela izimpawu ozibonile.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzilethe zifaka:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yamanje kanye nezinye izinto
• Umbhalo wokwelashwa kwangaphambili nokuphumelela kwawo
• Izithombe zezimpawu ngesikhathi sezimo
• Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, ikakhulukazi izimo ze-autoimmune
• Uhlu lwemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ofuna ukukuxoxa ngakho

Bhala imibuzo ethile mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, imiphumela emibi, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngezinsiza zokusekela noma nini lapho kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likukhumbuze ulwazi olukhulu oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-appointment. Ukuba nokusekelwa kungase futhi kusize ngokomzwelo uma ubhekene nesimo esingapheli.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nobuthakathaka bukaBehcet?

Ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet luyisimo esingapheli esilawuleka esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo. Nakuba kungaba inselele ukuphila nalo, abantu abaningi abane-Behcet's disease baphila impilo ezele, ephumelelayo ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinzima nokugcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu okwenzelwe izidingo zakho ezithile.

Khumbula ukuthi ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet buthinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Isipiliyoni sakho singase sihluke kakhulu kwabanye abane-simo esifanayo, futhi lokho kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele. Hlala unesineke nawe njengoba ufunda ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle kuwe.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nobuthakathaka bukaBehcet

Ingabe ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet buyanaka?

Cha, ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet abunakisi. Awukwazi ukuwuthola komunye umuntu noma uwudlulisele kwabanye. Luyisimo se-autoimmune oluvela ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezakhiwo nezinto zemvelo, hhayi ngokuxhumana nabantu abathelelekile.

Ingabe ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet bungaphiliswa?

Okwamanje, asikho isilondolosi sobuthakathaka bukaBehcet, kodwa singaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezinkathi ezinde zokukhululeka lapho izimpawu zincane noma zingabikho. Umgomo wokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ingabe ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet buthinta ukukhulelwa?

Abesifazane abaningi abane-Behcet's disease bangaba nokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, nakuba ukulandelela okuqonde kakhulu kubalulekile. Abanye abesifazane bahlangabezana nokuthuthuka kwezimpawu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimo. Udokotela wakho angase alungise imithi ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuthatha imithi impilo yonke?

Ubude bokwelashwa buyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu badinga imithi yesikhathi eside ukuvimbela izimpawu nezinkinga, kanti abanye bangase bakwazi ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka imithi ngesikhathi sezinkathi zokukhululeka. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okuncane.

Ingabe ukuguqulwa kokudla kungasiza ngokugula kukaBehcet?

Nakuba akukho ukudla okuthile okungaphilisa ubuthakathaka bukaBehcet, abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukudla okuthile kubangela izimpawu zabo. Ukugcina idayari yokudla kungasiza ekutholeni izinto ezibangela izimpawu. Ukudla okuqondile, okulwa nokuvuvukala kungasiza ekusekeleni impilo yonke futhi mhlawumbe kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.