Umphukane We-bhlatha: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Umphukane we-bhlatha uqala lapho amaseli e-bhlatha yakho ekhula ngokungaphelimi futhi enza iziphumu. I-bhlatha yakho iyilungu elingenalutho elise-pelvis yakho eligcina umchamo ngaphambi kokuba uwuphume emzimbeni wakho.

Lolu hlobo lomphukane luvame kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga ngalo, luthinta abantu abangaba ngu-80,000 baseMelika unyaka ngamunye. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma utholakala ngokushesha, umphukane we-bhlatha uhlala uphendula kahle ekwelapheni. Abantu abaningi baqala ukubona igazi emchameni wabo, okungaba ukukhathazeka kodwa akuhlali kusho ukuthi kukhona umphukane.

Ziyini izimpawu zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha?

Igazi emchameni wakho yisibonakaliso sokuqala esivame kakhulu somphukane we-bhlatha. Ungase ubona umchamo opinki, obomvu, noma olukhulukazi, noma udokotela wakho angase athole igazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngisho noma umchamo wakho ubukeka ujwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kwegazi emchameni, ungase ube nezinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu ezingabonisa umphukane we-bhlatha:

• Ukuphuma komchamo njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uphuma umchamo
• Ukuzizwa sengathi udinga ukuphuma umchamo ngokushesha, ngisho noma i-bhlatha yakho ingagcwalisiwe
• Ukukhuluphala ukuphuma komchamo noma umfula omncane womchamo
• Ubuhlungu oluphansi emuva ngakwesinye uhlangothi
• Ubuhlungu be-pelvic
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo (ezimweni eziphambili)
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni zakho (ezimweni eziphambili)

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kancane kancane futhi zingase ziphoswe kalula njengezifo zomgogodla womchamo noma ezinye izimo ezivamile. Kungakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziqhubeka zibuya ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha?

Odokotela bahlukanisa umphukane we-bhlatha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli aba yimpukane. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-urothelial carcinoma, oluqala emaseleni ahlanganisa ngaphakathi kwe-bhlatha yakho.

I-Urothelial carcinoma yenza cishe u-90% wazo zonke izinhlobo zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha. La maseli aklanywe ukuba aqhubeke lapho i-bhlatha yakho igcwele futhi ihlanganise lapho ihlanganisa. Ngezinye izikhathi uzwa lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-transitional cell carcinoma.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-squamous cell carcinoma ne-adenocarcinoma. I-Squamous cell carcinoma ivame ukuvela ngemuva kokukhathazeka okuningi noma ukutheleleka e-bhlatha yakho. I-Adenocarcinoma iyinhlangano encane futhi iqala emaseleni enza i-mucus.

Udokotela wakho uzohlukanisa umphukane wakho njengoba ungenawo umsuka noma ungenawo umsuka. Umphukane ongenawo umsuka uhlala ekuhlanganiseni kwangaphakathi kwe-bhlatha yakho futhi ngokuvamile unemiphumela emihle. Umphukane ongenawo umsuka ukhule ngokujulile odongeni lwe-bhlatha futhi udinga ukwelashwa okunamandla.

Yini ebangela umphukane we-bhlatha?

Umphukane we-bhlatha ukhula lapho kukhona okulimaza i-DNA emaseleni e-bhlatha yakho, okubangela ukuba akhule ngokungaphelimi. Nakuba singazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yini ebangela lolu shintsho, izinto eziningi zingandisa ingozi yakho.

Imbangela ehamba phambili ukubhema, okuyimbangela engaba yingxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha. Uma ubhema, amakhemikhali abangela ubuhlungu angene egazini lakho futhi ahlanzwe yizinkulungwane zakho aye emchameni wakho. La makemikhali ahlala e-bhlatha yakho futhi angalimaza ukuhlanganisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukubhekana namakhemikhali emsebenzini kuyimbangela enkulu. Uma usebenza namadye athile, irabha, isikhumba, upende, noma amakhemikhali okunye, ungase ube nokubhekana okukhulu nezinto ezibangela umphukane ebizwa ngokuthi yi-carcinogens.

Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa ukutheleleka kwe-bhlatha okuningi, imithi ethile, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla e-pelvis yakho, nokusebenzisa amanzi ane-arsenic. Abanye abantu baneshintsho le-genetic elibenza babe sengozini enkulu yokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela ngenxa yomphukane we-bhlatha?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho, ngisho noma alibuhlungu. Abantu abaningi bahlala befuna ukunakekelwa ngoba bazizwa kahle, kodwa ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni yokwelashwa.

Ungalindi uma uhlushwa ukuphuma komchamo njalo, obuhlungu, noma oluphuthumayo olungathuthuki ngokwelashwa okujwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibukeke njengokutheleleka okulula komgogodla womchamo, kodwa uma ziqhubeka noma ziqhubeka zibuya, zidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubuhlungu oluphansi emuva ngakwesinye uhlangothi, ikakhulukazi uma luhambisana nezimpawu zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha. Nakuba ubuhlungu emuva bunezinye izimbangela, uma luhlanganiswa nezimpawu ze-bhlatha, kungase kubonise isifo esiphambili.

Uma unezingozi ezifana nokubhema noma ukubhekana namakhemikhali emsebenzini, xoxa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu futhi banqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokubeka amehlo esimweni sakho.

Ziyini izingozi zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula komphukane we-bhlatha, ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu kunabanye. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yakho.

Izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema isigarethi, i-cigars, noma amapayipi
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-55 (izimo eziningi zenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65)
• Ukuba owesilisa (amadoda anethuba elingaphezu kwesithathu lokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha)
• Ukubhekana namakhemikhali athile emsebenzini
• Ukwelashwa komphukane ngaphambili ngemithi ethile ye-chemotherapy
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla e-pelvis
• Ukutheleleka noma ukukhathazeka kwe-bhlatha okuningi
• Umlando womndeni womphukane we-bhlatha
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic
• Ukusebenzisa amanzi anezinga eliphezulu le-arsenic

Ukuba nengozi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umphukane we-bhlatha. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi abazutholi lesi sifo, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezaziwayo bayazithola. Okubalulekile ukwazi futhi uxoxe ngengozi yakho siqu nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yomphukane we-bhlatha?

Umphukane we-bhlatha ungaletha izinhlanganisela eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma ungelaphiwe ngokushesha noma uma usakazeka ngaphandle kwe-bhlatha yakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukubona ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela zokuqala zingase zihlanganise ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo komgogodla womchamo, izinkinga zezinkulungwane uma umfula womchamo uvinjelwe, nokopha okuqhubekayo okungase kube yimbangela ye-anemia. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma zitholakala ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zingase zenzeke uma umphukane usakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho:

• Ukonakala noma ukwehluleka kwezinkulungwane uma umphukane uvala ama-ureters
• Ukusa ekwelinye ilungu eliseduze njenge-prostate, i-uterus, noma i-bowel
• I-Metastasis kuma-lymph nodes, isibindi, amaphaphu, noma amathambo
• I-Anemia enzima ngenxa yokopha okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphuma komchamo obuhlungu noma ukungakwazi ukuphuma komchamo
• Izinkinga ze-bowel uma umphukane usakazeka ezibilinini
• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo uma umphukane usakazeka emathanbeni

Nakuba lezi zinhlanganisela zizwakala zesabekisa, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamanje kuye kwaqhubeka kuthuthukisa imiphumela yabagula bomphukane we-bhlatha. Izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle uma usebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha futhi ulandele uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Umphukane we-bhlatha ungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo zokukhula komphukane we-bhlatha, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukugwema utshaba ngazo zonke izindlela.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka yiyona nto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngempilo yakho ye-bhlatha. Ingozi yakho iqala ukwehla eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokushiya, futhi iyaqhubeka iwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngamasu avunyelwe nezinhlangano zokusekela.

Ukuzivikela emsebenzini kubalulekile futhi uma ubhekene namakhemikhali. Sebenzisa njalo imishini yokulondeka efanele, landela izinqubo zokuphepha, futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuphatha amakhemikhali. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokubhekana namakhemikhali emsebenzini wakho, xoxa ngakho nomphathi wezokuphepha wasemsebenzini wakho.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi usuku lonke, ukudla ukudla okunama-fruits namasipinashi amaningi, nokuphatha ukutheleleka komgogodla womchamo ngokushesha. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlala unamanzi kusiza ukuhlanza izinto ezingase zibe yingozi e-bhlatha yakho ngokushesha.

Umphukane we-bhlatha utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umphukane we-bhlatha ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazofuna ukwazi ngegazi eliku-bhlatha yakho, izinguquko ezimweni zokukhula komchamo, nokuthi unezingozi yini ezifana nokubhema noma ukubhekana namakhemikhali.

Iviki lokuqala ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa komchamo ukubona igazi, amaseli omphukane, noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode i-urine cytology, ehlola umchamo ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukubona amaseli angavamile angase abonise umphukane.

Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kubonisa umphukane we-bhlatha, udokotela wakho uzoncoma i-cystoscopy. Ngalesi senzo, bafake i-tube encane, eguqayo enenkhamera nge-urethra yakho ukubuka ngaphakathi kwe-bhlatha yakho. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba babone noma yiziphi iziphumu noma izindawo ezingavamile.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kuhlanganise i-CT scans noma i-MRIs ukubona uma umphukane usakazeke, kanye ne-biopsy ukususa amasampula ethishu ukuze ahlolwe elabhorethri. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuqonda uhlobo nesigaba somphukane, okuqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini ukwelashwa komphukane we-bhlatha?

Ukuphathwa komphukane we-bhlatha kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise uhlobo nesigaba somphukane wakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezifiso zakho siqu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kukhona izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa, futhi imiphumela iye yathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.

Ngokuqala komphukane ongenangalo umsuka odongeni lwemisipha, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala nge-transurethral resection. Ngalesi senzo, udokotela wakho ukhumula isiphumu nge-urethra yakho ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinsiza ngaphandle. Lokhu kuvame ukulandelwa yi-bladder instillation therapy, lapho imithi ibekwa ngqo e-bhlatha yakho.

Umphukane ophambili ungase udinga ukwelashwa okunamandla:

• I-Radical cystectomy (ukususa i-bhlatha ngokusebenzisa ubuciko)
• I-Chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nomphukane
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omphukane

Uma udinga ukususa i-bhlatha, udokotela wakho uzokwenza indlela entsha yomzimba wakho yokugcina nokuphuma komchamo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwenza i-bhlatha entsha evela engxenyeni yesibilinini sakho noma ukuqondisa umchamo ebhegini ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lizokusiza ukuqonda zonke izinketho zakho futhi ukhethe okufanele esimweni sakho.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi somphukane we-bhlatha?

Ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa komphukane we-bhlatha, amasu amaningi okunakekelwa ekhaya angakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uphathe izimpawu. Le ndlela isebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwakho kwezokwelapha, hhayi njengokushintsha kwakho.

Ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi kubalulekile, kodwa ungase udinga ukulinganisela lokhu ngokukhula komchamo njalo. Zama ukusebenzisa inani elincane usuku lonke kunokuba ube nenani elikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukugwema i-caffeine ne-alcohol kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwe-bhlatha.

Ngobuhlungu nokungakhululeki, ukugeza okufudumele noma ama-heating pads esiswini sakho esiphansi kungase kube usizo. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ijusi le-cranberry liyasiza ekuqedeni ukutheleleka komgogodla womchamo, nakuba kufanele uqale ubuze udokotela wakho ngoba lingase lihlangane nemithi ethile.

Ukuphatha ukukhathala kubalulekile futhi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Phumula uma udinga, dle ukudla okunomsoco, futhi wenze imisebenzi eyenziwa kancane njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ungangabazi ukucela usizo emindenini nabangane bakho ngezinto zansuku zonke uma ungazizwa kahle.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kungakusiza ukuthola okuningi ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi awukhohlwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yenza uhlu lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, kanye nezinye izinto. Phawula futhi noma yiziphi izinto ozitholakala kuzo kanye nokuphathwa kwakho kwezokwelapha ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi uma ube ne-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa ngomgogodla.

Lungisa imibuzo yokubuza udokotela wakho ngokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lifuna ukuthi uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Ungase futhi ufune ukuletha incwadi yokubhala phansi imininingwane ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngomphukane we-bhlatha?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ngomphukane we-bhlatha ukuthi ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni yokwelashwa. Uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho noma izimpawu zokukhula komchamo eziqhubekayo, ungalindi ukubona udokotela wakho - ngisho noma izimpawu zingabonakali zinzima.

Abantu abaningi abanomphukane we-bhlatha baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo, ikakhulukazi uma umphukane utholakala futhi ulapheka ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kunomphumela omkhulu futhi kunamiphimisa embalwa kunangaphambili, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuqhubeka kuvela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umphukane we-bhlatha, futhi ukuba nomphukane we-bhlatha akusho ukuthi impilo yakho iphelile. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ungaphatha lesi simo futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Hlala unolwazi, buza imibuzo, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukwesekwa kubachwepheshe bezokwelapha, imindeni, abangane, noma amaqembu okusekela umphukane. Awuwedwa kule ndlela, futhi usizo luyatholakala kuzo zonke izinyathelo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngomphukane we-bhlatha

UMbuzo 1: Ingabe umphukane we-bhlatha uhlala ubulawa?

Cha, umphukane we-bhlatha awuhlali ubulawa. Uma utholakala ngokushesha, abantu abaningi abanomphukane we-bhlatha balashwa ngempumelelo futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile. Izinga lokuphila eminyakeni emihlanu lomphukane we-bhlatha oqalayo lingaphezu kuka-95%. Ngisho nomphukane we-bhlatha ophambili ungaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa kwamanje, nakuba imiphumela ihlukahluka ngokusekelwe ekutheni umphukane usakazeke kangakanani.

UMbuzo 2: Ingabe umphukane we-bhlatha ungabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Yebo, umphukane we-bhlatha ungabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa, kungakho ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Cishe u-50-80% yomphukane we-bhlatha oqalayo ungase ubuyele, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umphumela ufanana nokuqala. Ukubuyela okuningi kutholakala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuqapha okujwayelekile futhi kungaphathwa ngempumelelo. Udokotela wakho uzokubeka i-check-ups neviki zokuhlola ukuqapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubuyela komphukane.

UMbuzo 3: Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani nomphukane we-bhlatha?

Isikhathi sokuphila nomphukane we-bhlatha sihlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe esigabeni sokutholakala, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi uphendula kahle kanjani ekwelapheni. Abantu abanomphukane we-bhlatha oqalayo ngokuvamile banesikhathi sokuphila esivamile. Ngisho nomphukane ophambili, abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi benempilo enhle. Udokotela wakho angakunika ulwazi oluqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho siqu.

UMbuzo 4: Ingabe umphukane we-bhlatha usakazeka ngokushesha?

Ukuqhubeka komphukane we-bhlatha kuhlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye bomphukane we-bhlatha bakhula kancane futhi bahlala ekuhlanganiseni kwe-bhlatha iminyaka eminingi, kanti abanye bangase basakazeke ngokushesha. Umphukane we-bhlatha ongenawo umsuka ngokuvamile ukhula kancane kunohlobo olufana nomsuka. Isigaba nesigaba somphukane wakho kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi ungase uqhubeke ngokushesha kangakanani, kungakho ukutholakala ngokushesha nokuphathwa okufanele kubalulekile.

UMbuzo 5: Ingabe ukudla kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umphukane we-bhlatha?

Nakuba akukho ukudla okuqondile okungaqinisekisa ukuvimbela umphukane we-bhlatha, ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunama-fruits namasipinashi amaningi kungasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yakho. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukudla okunama-antioxidants amaningi, njenge-berries namasipinashi aluhlaza, kungase kube yisivikelo. Ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi usuku lonke kungase futhi kusize ukuhlanza izinto ezingase zibe yingozi e-bhlatha yakho. Noma kunjalo, ukugwema ukubhema kuhlala kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuvimbela umphukane we-bhlatha.