Ukuvimba Komthambo Lokukhala: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kwenzeka lapho imiqhele emincane ephuma khona izinyembezi emehlweni yakho ivinjelwe ngokuphelele noma ngokulinganisela. Lesi simo esivamile sivikela izinyembezi ekukhuleni ngokujwayelekile emehlweni akho ukuya ekhaleni lakho, okubangela ukuba zibuye emuva futhi ngokuvamile kubangele amehlo amanzi, abuthakathaka.

Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhathazayo, ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kuvame ukuphatheka futhi ngokuvamile kuziphilisa ngokwalo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufunesekare futhi yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezingasiza.

Iyini i-blocked tear duct?

I-Tear drainage system yakho isebenza njengenethiwekhi yokuphehla ehlukahlukene. Izinyembezi ziphuma ezindaweni ezincane eziphethweni zakho ze-eyelids ebizwa nge-puncta, zidlula ngemiqhele emincane ebizwa nge-canaliculi, ziye esakhiweni se-tear sac, ekugcineni ziye phansi nge-nasolacrimal duct ziye ekhaleni lakho.

Uma noma iyiphi ingxenye yale ndlela yokukhipha ivinjelwe, izinyembezi azikwazi ukugeleza kahle futhi ziqala ukuqoqana. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kudala izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokukhala okukhulu nokucasuka okungenzeka kwamehlo abantu abaningi ababhekana nalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Isilwane esibonakalayo kakhulu ozosibona yikukhala okukhulu okubonakala kungahlobene nemizwelo noma ukucasuka. Iso lakho elithintekayo lingase libonakale limanzi njalo, ngisho noma ungakhali noma uzizwa udumazeke.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuqhubeka nokukhala noma amehlo amanzi
• Ukuphuma okunamandla noma okunamathelayo, ikakhulukazi uma uvuka
• Ukubona okungacaci ngenxa yezinyembezi eziningi
• Ubomvu eduze kwegqolo leso lakho
• Ukukhula eduze kwendawo ye-tear sac
• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okuphindaphindayo

Ezimweni ezithile, ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukucindezela kancane endaweni ye-tear sac kukhipha ukuphuma. Lesi simo sivame ukubonisa ukuthi amabhaktheriya aqoqene endaweni evaliwe, nakuba lokhu akusho ukuthi une-infection ebuhlungu.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kungahlelwa ngokusekelwe ekuthini lapho kuvela futhi yini ekuholela kuwo. Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala okungokwemvelo kukhona kusukela ekuzalweni futhi kuchaphazela cishe u-20% wabantwana abasanda kuzalwa, ngokuvamile kuziphilisa ngokwalo ngaphakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala okutholwe kamuva kuvela kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene njengokuguga, ukutheleleka, noma ukulimala. Lezi zivame ukudinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo ngoba azivame ukuziphilisa ngaphandle kokungenelela.

Indawo yokuvalwa ibalulekile nakwi-treatment planning. I-Punctal stenosis ichaphazela izindawana ezincane eziphethweni zakho ze-eyelids, kuyilapho i-nasolacrimal duct obstruction ivela emgqeni oyinhloko wokukhipha oya ekhaleni lakho.

Yini ebangela ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Izici eziningi zingabangela ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala, nokuqonda imbangela kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ziyizizathu ezivamile kakhulu, njengoba i-drainage system ingase ibe mncintisana ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko okufanele uzibone:

• Ukuncipha komthambo wokukhala okuhlobene nobudala
• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okuqhubekayo noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma ekhaleni kwangaphambili
• Ukulimala kobuso okuchaphazela indawo yokukhipha izinyembezi
• Imithi ethile ebangela ukumomotheka kwamehlo
• Isimo somzimba njenge-Sjögren's syndrome
• I-tumors noma ukukhula eduze kwemithambo yokukhala (okungavamile)
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambili okuchaphazela indawo yamehlo

Kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa, imbangela ngokuvamile iyisimo sokuthuthukiswa. I-membrane ehlanganisa i-nasolacrimal duct ingase ingavuleki kahle ekuzalweni, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kuzilungisa ngokwalo njengoba ingane ikhula.

Ngokungavamile, izimo zomzimba njenge-sarcoidosis noma i-granulomatosis nge-polyangiitis zingabangela ukuvuvukala komthambo wokukhala nokuvimba. Lezi zimo ezingavamile zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile sesifo esiyinhloko.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubhekana nokukhala okuqhubekayo okuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuthuthuka. Nakuba amehlo amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile ejwayelekile, ukuqhubeka nokukhala okuhlupha imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu zokutheleleka, kufaka phakathi ukushisa, ukukhula okukhulu eduze kwamehlo akho, noma ukuphuma okukhulu, okunemibala. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amabhaktheriya angase aqoqene endaweni evaliwe futhi adinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Kubazali, abantwana abasanda kuzalwa abane-blocked tear ducts ngokuvamile badinga ukulandelelwa kunokwelashwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, xhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane uma ingane yakho ithola izimpawu zokutheleleka noma uma ukukhala kuqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa lesi simo, nakuba ukuba nezici ezingaholela kulokho akusho ukuthi uzobhekana nezinkinga. Ubudala yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba imithambo yokukhala iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubungozi bakho bungase bube phezulu uma una:

• Umbhalo wokutheleleka kwamehlo okuqhubekayo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma ebusweni kwangaphambili
• Isimo somzimba esichaphazela ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-eye drops ethile
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kwangaphambili ekhanda noma entanyeni
• I-sinusitis noma izinkinga zekhala eziqhubekayo

Abesifazane bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu kunamadoda, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwe-menopause lapho izinguquko ze-hormonal zingase zichaphazele ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi nokukhipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abagqoka ama-contact lenses noma abasebenzisa ubucwebe bamehlo ngokuvamile bangase babe nobungozi obukhulu ngenxa yokucasuka okungenzeka.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Nakuba ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala okuningi kungaphezu kokungakhululeki kunokuba yingozi, ukushiya ungaphathwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Inkinga ebuhlungu kakhulu yithuba lokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwamehlo okuphindaphindayo ngenxa yezinyembezi ezihlala khona zidala indawo lapho amabhaktheriya angakhula khona.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okuqhubekayo (conjunctivitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwe-tear sac (dacryocystitis)
• Ukonakala kwe-cornea ngenxa yomswakama oqhubekayo
• Ukucazuka kwesikhumba eduze kwamehlo
• Ubunzima bomphakathi noma emsebenzini ngenxa yokubonakala

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka okukhulu kungasakazeka ezicutshwini ezizungezile, kubangele i-cellulitis noma izinhlanganisela ezinkulu. Noma kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, lezi zinhlanganisela ezinkulu zivimbeka kakhulu.

Ukuqhubeka nokukhala kungase futhi kuchaphazele ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila, okwenza imisebenzi njengokufunda noma ukuqhuba kube nzima. Isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuhlamba amehlo akho kungabangela ukucazuka kwesikhumba nokungahambi kahle komphakathi.

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Uchwepheshe wakho wokunakekela amehlo uzoqala ngokuhlola okuphelele amehlo akho ne-tear drainage system. Uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa okwenzekile.

Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okulula okwenziwa ehhovisi. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise umbala okhethekile obizwa nge-fluorescein ukuze alandelele ukuthi izinyembezi zigeleza kanjani nge-drainage system yakho, kusize ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuvalwa kwenzeka kuphi.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungase kuhlanganise ukulinganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi zakho, ukuhlola i-puncta (izindawana ezincane zokukhipha), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukugeza i-saline ngemithambo yokukhala ukuhlola ukugeleza. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe njenge-dacryocystography zingase zidingeke ukuze uthole izithombe ezinemininingwane ye-drainage system.

Iyini ukwelashwa kokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Izindlela zokwelapha zihluka kakhulu kuye ngokubaluleka kokuvimba kwakho nembangela eyingqayizivele. Ezimweni ezilula, ukuphathwa okuqondile ngokusebenzisa ama-compresses afudumele nokuthinta kancane ngokuvamile kunikeza impumuzo futhi kungasiza ekubuyiseni ukukhipha okujwayelekile.

Izinketho zakho zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise:

• Ama-compresses afudumele nokuthinta kancane
• Ama-antibiotic eye drops okutheleleka
• Ukuhlola umthambo wokukhala (ezimweni eziqhubekayo)
• Ukukhulisa umthambo wokukhala ngebhaluni
• Ukubekwa kwe-stent noma i-tube
• Ukuhlinzwa kabusha (dacryocystorhinostomy)

Kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa, odokotela ngokuvamile bancoma ukulinda njengoba izimo eziningi ziyaphila ngokwazo ngaphakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12. Izindlela zokuthinta kancane zingasiza ekukhuthazeni umthambo wokukhala ukuthi uvule kahle ngalesi sikhathi sokulinda.

Izindlela eziphambili njenge-dacryocystorhinostomy zenza indlela entsha yokukhipha ngokuqondile kusuka esakhiweni se-tear sac ukuya ekhaleni lakho, zidlule ngomthambo ovaliwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphumelela kubantu abane-blockages eziphelele abangaphendulanga ekuwelapheni okungathinti kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile kudingeka, amasu amaningi okunakekelwa ekhaya angasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zakho futhi asekele inqubo yokwelapha. Ama-compresses afudumele afakwe imizuzu eyi-5-10 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku angasiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala nokukhuthaza ukukhipha.

Ukuthinta kancane kwendawo ye-tear sac kungasiza ekuqedeni ukuvalwa okuncane nokukhuthaza ukugeleza okujwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angakubonisa indlela efanele, ehlanganisa ukufaka ukucindezela okukhanyayo ngokwehla kusuka ekhoneni langaphakathi leso lakho ukuya ekhaleni lakho.

Gcina iso elithintekile lihlanzekile ngokususa ngobumnene noma yikuphi ukuphuma ngendwangu ehlanzekile, efudumele. Gwema ukuhlanza noma ukucindezela kakhulu emehlweni akho, njengoba lokhu kungenza ukucasuka kube kubi futhi kungenise amabhaktheriya.

Izinyembezi ezibonakalayo zingasiza ekuqedeni ukukhipha okunamandla nokuletha impumuzo, nakuba ngeke zikwelaphe ukuvalwa okuyingqayizivele. Uma uqoka ama-contact lenses, cabanga ukushintshela kuma-glasses okwesikhashana ukuze unciphise ukucasuka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini futhi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi. Landelela noma yiziphi izindlela zokukhipha, njengokuthi ingabe zimbi ekuseni noma ngemuva kwemisebenzi ethile.

Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa ozithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi ama-eye drops angaphezulu kokuthengiswa kanye nezinye izinto. Imithi ethile ingase ichaphazele ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi noma ikhulise ubungozi bakho bezinhlanganisela.

Bhala phansi noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, noma okulindelekile ekuphileni kabusha. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngesilinganiso sokuphumelela kokwelashwa okuhlukene noma ukuthi yini okulindelekile phakathi nezikhathi zokwelapha.

Uma uke waba nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambili, ukulimala, noma ukwelashwa, letha noma yimiphi imibhalo yezokwelapha efanele. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde izimbangela ezingase zibe khona futhi akhethe indlela yokwelapha efanele kakhulu.

Iyini into ebalulekile ngokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kuyisimo esivamile, esivame ukuphatheka esingase sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekududuzeni nasekhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Okubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nini usizo lochwepheshe ludingeka nokuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona.

Izimo eziningi ziphendula kahle ekuwelapheni okufanele, kungaba ukuphathwa okuqondile noma izindlela zokwelapha eziphambili. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungavimbela izinhlanganisela futhi kukusize ubuyele emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha.

Khumbula ukuthi nakuba ukukhala okuqhubekayo kungase kube yinto ecasulayo, lesi simo asiyona ingozi emehlweni uma siphathwa kahle. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokubekezela, ungalindela ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpawuni zakho nasekududuzeni kwamehlo akho ngokujwayelekile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuvimba komthambo wokukhala

Q1: Ingabe ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kungaphila ngokwalo?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa lapho cishe u-90% wezimo ziyaphila ngokwazo ngaphakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kubantu abadala, ukuvalwa okuncane ngezinye izikhathi kuya ngcono ngokwelashwa okuqondile njengama-compresses afudumele nokuthinta, kodwa ukuvalwa okuphelele ngokuvamile kudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukuze kuphumelele ngokuphelele.

Q2: Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kudingeka njalo ngokuvimba komthambo wokukhala?

Cha, ukuhlinzwa akudingeki njalo. Izimo eziningi ziphendula ekuwelapheni okungathinti kakhulu njengokuhlola umthambo wokukhala, ukukhulisa ngebhaluni, noma ukubekwa kwe-stent. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kugcinelwa ekuvaleni okuphelele noma izimo ezingaphendulanga ekuwelapheni okunye. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma inketho ephumelelayo engathinti kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Q3: Isikhathi sokuphulukisa sibe yikuphi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa komthambo wokukhala?

Isikhathi sokuphulukisa sihluka kuye ngokuhlinzwa okwenziwe. Izindlela ezincane njengokuhlola zingase zidinga izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela zemisebenzi eyenqatshiwe, kuyilapho ukuhlinzwa okukhulu njenge-dacryocystorhinostomy kungase kudinge izinyanga eziyi-2-4 zokwelapha okuphelele. Abantu abaningi baqaphela ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuhlabeni phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Q4: Ingabe ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala kungabangela izinkinga zokubona ezihlala njalo?

Ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala ngokungavamile kubangela ukulahleka kokubona okuhlala njalo uma kuphathwa kahle. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezingaphathwa isikhathi eside ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela izinkinga ze-cornea noma ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo okungase kuchaphazele ukubona. Kungakho kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Q5: Ingabe kunezindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimba komthambo wokukhala ukuba kwenzeke?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo, ikakhulukazi izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, unganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngokwelapha ukutheleleka kwamehlo ngokushesha, ukuvikela amehlo akho ekulimala, nokulawula izimo ezingaphansi njengezifo zomzimba. Ukuhlanzeka kwamehlo okuhle nokuqeda ukucasuka kwamehlo okungadingekile kungase futhi kusize ekuqondeni ukukhipha izinyembezi ezempilo.