Umphumela Wamathambo Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umphumela wamathambo yisimo esingavamile lapho amaseli angavamile ekhula ngokungenakulawuleka ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho, akha ama-tumors angonakalisa ubukhulu bamathambo. Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela umphumela wamathambo kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi kukuqondise ekunakekelweni okulungile.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungaqala ngqo embonini (okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wamathambo oyinhloko) noma usakazeke emathanjeni kusuka emdlavuzini kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wamathambo wesibili noma i-metastatic bone cancer). Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okuqondile, abantu abaningi abane-mphumela wamathambo bayaqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokukhula kwamathambo?

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile somphumela wamathambo ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo embonini ethintekile obungapheli ngokuphumula. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile buqala njengokuhlungu okuthambile okungase kuze kuhambe, kodwa kancane kancane bube yinto eqhubekayo futhi ebuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaziqaphela, futhi khumbula ukuthi ukuba noyedwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu akusho ukuthi une-mphumela wamathambo:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo obukhula ebusuku noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Ukukhula noma ukuncipha eduze kwendawo ethintekile
• I-lump noma i-mass ebonakalayo ongayizwa ngokusebenzisa isikhumba
• Amathambo aphukile kalula eziphuthweni ezincane noma emisebenzini evamile
• Ukukhathala okungachazeki noma ukuzizwa ungaphili kahle
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki
• Ukuqina, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhubeka kubuyela

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nokuqina noma ukukhahlela uma i-tumor icindezela izinzwa eziseduze. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni, kungakho kubalulekile ukunaka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho futhi uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokukhula kwamathambo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokukhula kwamathambo, ngayinye inezici zayo nezindlela zokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo oluphathayo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo esimweni sakho esithile.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhula kwamathambo oyinhloko zifaka:

• Osteosarcoma: Uhlobo oluvamile kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane, ngokuvamile luthinta amathambo amade ezandleni nasezinzweni
• Chondrosarcoma: Livame kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40, ngokuvamile lithuthuka e-cartilage ye-pelvis, ama-ribs, noma ama-shoulder blades
• Ewing sarcoma: Livame ukwenzeka kubantwana nasemifanekisweni, ngokuvamile luthinta amathambo e-pelvis, udonga lwesibeletho, noma amathambo amade
• Fibrosarcoma: Uhlobo olungavamile oluvame ukukhula emathishini abuthakathaka aseduze kwamathambo kodwa lungase lube emathanjeni ngokwawo
• Giant cell tumor: Ngokuvamile lihle kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lingase libe yimpumela, ngokuvamile luthinta ukuphela kwamathambo amade

Umphumela wamathambo wesibili, osakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, empeleni uvame kakhulu kunumphumela wamathambo oyinhloko. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luvela emdlavuzini webele, uphuphu, i-prostate, ikidney, noma i-thyroid esakazeke emathanjeni.

Yini ebangela umphumela wamathambo?

Imbangela eqondile yemiphumela eminingi yamathambo isalungile, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izici eziningi ezingase zikhulise amathuba okukhula kwalesi simo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomphumela wamathambo.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko abasayensi bakholelwa ukuthi zingase zinikeze umphumela wamathambo:

• Ukuphathwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa okuphezulu kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-Li-Fraumeni syndrome noma i-hereditary retinoblastoma
• I-Paget's disease, isimo esibangela ukwakheka okungavamile kwamathambo
• Ukulimala kwamathambo ngaphambili noma ukufakwa kwezinto, nakuba lobu buxhumano busacwaningwa
• Izifo ezithile ezifuywe ezithinta ukukhula kwamathambo ne-cartilage

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezithile zekhemikhali noma ukuba nomlando womndeni womphumela wamathambo kungase kudlale indima. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abathuthukisa umphumela wamathambo abanazo izici ezicacile zengozi, okusho ukuthi lesi sifo ngokudabukisayo singathinta noma ubani.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngezimpawu zomphumela wamathambo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuhlala njalo bamathambo obuhlala amasonto amaningi, ikakhulukazi uma bukhula noma buphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi uma ubuhlungu bukhulu noma buhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu zezexwayiso:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo obungaphuli ngokuphumula noma ngokunciphisa ubuhlungu obungaphezulu kokuthengwa
• Ukukhula noma i-lump ongayizwa, ikakhulukazi uma ikhula
• Ithambo eliphukile ekuweni okuncane noma emsebenzini ojwayelekile
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki kuhlangene nobuhlungu bamathambo
• Ukuqina okuhlala njalo kanye nezimpawu zamathambo
• Ukuqina noma ubuthakathaka engalweni noma emilenzeni

Khumbula, izimo eziningi zingabangela ubuhlungu bamathambo, futhi ngokuvamile akuyona impumela. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kukunika ithuba elihle lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo uma kukutholakala okuthile okubalulekile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo.

Ziyini izici zengozi zomphumela wamathambo?

Ukuqonda izici zengozi kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba noyedwa noma ngaphezulu kwezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa umphumela wamathambo. Abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abawutholi lesi sifo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo bayasithola.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zifaka:

• Iminyaka: I-Osteosarcoma ngokuvamile ithonya abantwana nabasakhulayo phakathi nezikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo kwamathambo
• Ukuphathwa komdlavuza ngaphambili: Ukuphathwa kwe-radiation noma imithi ethile ye-chemotherapy kungase kukhulise ingozi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva
• Izimo ze-genetic: Izifo ezifuywe ezingavamile njenge-Li-Fraumeni syndrome noma i-retinoblastoma
• I-Paget's disease: Lesi sifo samathambo sikhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-osteosarcoma
• Ukufakwa kwezinto zethusi: Ngokungavamile, umphumela wamathambo ungase uthuthuke eduze kokufakwa kwezinto zethusi, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu

Ezinye izici zengozi ezingavamile zifaka ukukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu le-radiation ezingozi zenuzi noma ukuba nezifo ezithile zamathambo ezikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iningi labantu abanesimo esinjalo abawutholi umphumela wamathambo, ngakho zama ukungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuhambisana nawe.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yomphumela wamathambo?

Nakuba ukuxoxa ngezinhlanganisela kungase kuzwakale kukhathazayo, ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase iyenzeke kusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungiselela nokusebenza ngokushesha uma kukhona izinkinga. Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-mphumela wamathambo baba nezinkinga ezimbalwa noma azinayo, ikakhulukazi ngokutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okuqondile.

Nazi izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko ezingase zenzeke:

• Ukuphuka kwamathambo: Amathambo abuthakathaka angase aphuke kalula, ngezinye izikhathi adinga ukulungiswa ngokusebenza
• Ukusa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba: Umdlavuza ungase uthuthele emaphaphwini, e-liver, noma kwezinye amathambo
• Ukonakala kwezinzwa: Ama-tumors angacindezela izinzwa eziseduze, abangele ubuhlungu, ukuqina, noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukutheleleka: Ukuphathwa kungase kunciphisa i-immune system yakho okwesikhashana
• Izinkinga zamaseli egazi: Ukuphathwa okunye kungase kuthonye ikhono lomzimba wakho lokwenza amaseli egazi anempilo

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, umphumela wamathambo ungabangela amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini noma uthonye umsebenzi we-kidney. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokugcina liqapha eduze phakathi kokwelashwa ukuze libambe futhi liqale ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela ekuqaleni. Ukuqala ukuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ezibi kakhulu.

Umphumela wamathambo utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umphumela wamathambo kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiqondisa ngasinye ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani. Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, okulandelelwa yi-physical examination yendawo ethintekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoncoma lezi zihloko zokuxilonga:

• Ama-X-rays: Ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kokuqala ukubuka izindawo ezingavamile emathanjeni akho
• I-MRI noma i-CT scans: Inikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe ukubona usayizi ne-location ye-tumor
• I-Bone scan: Ibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kwezinye amathambo emzimbeni wakho
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Hlola amamaki athile angase abonise umphumela wamathambo
• I-Biopsy: I-tissue sample encane ithathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuthola uhlobo lomdlavuza

I-biopsy kuphela indlela yokuxilonga ngokuqinisekile umphumela wamathambo. Udokotela wakho angase enze le nqubo usebenzisa i-needle noma ngokusika okuncane kokusebenza, kuye ngendawo ye-tumor. Nakuba ukulinda imiphumela kungase kuzwakale kukucindezela, khumbula ukuthi le ndlela ephelele iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nehlelo lokwelapha elifanele.

Yini ukwelashwa komphumela wamathambo?

Ukuphathwa komphumela wamathambo kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo oluqondene nawe olusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, iminyaka yakho, nempilo yakho yonke. Umgomo awukona nje ukwelapha umdlavuza ngempumelelo, kodwa futhi ukukusiza ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo engcono kakhulu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukusebenza: Ukususa i-tumor ngenkathi kulondolozwa amathambo anempilo kanye nomsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka
• I-Chemotherapy: Imithi ehlose amaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukuphathwa kwe-Radiation: Ama-beams aphezulu amandla agxile endaweni ye-tumor
• Ukuphathwa okuqondiswe: Imithi emisha ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omdlavuza
• I-Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza i-immune system yakho ukulwa nomdlavuza

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuxuba kwalokhu kuphathwa. Isibonelo, ungase ube ne-chemotherapy ngaphambi kokusebenza ukunciphisa i-tumor, okulandelelwa yi-chemotherapy eminingi kamuva ukususa noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asaleyo. Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizokucacisela isinyathelo ngasinye futhi likusize ukuqonda ukuthi yini okulindelekile endleleni.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komphumela wamathambo?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kuyisigaba esibalulekile sehlelo lakho lokwelapha lonke. Nakuba iqembu lakho lezokwelapha liphatha ukwelashwa okuyinhloko, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile futhi usekele inqubo yokwelapha yomzimba wakho.

Nazi izindlela eziwusizo zokuphatha izimpawu nemiphumela emibi:

• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu: Thatha imithi eyalwe yodokotela njengoba iyalwe futhi sebenzisa u-ice noma ubushushu njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
• Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile: Hlala usebenza ngangokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ulondoloze amandla nempilo yamathambo
• Ukudla: Dlala ukudla okulinganiselayo okunama-calcium amaningi ne-vitamin D ukuze usekele impilo yamathambo
• Ukupumula: Zinikeze ubuthongo obukhulu nezikhathi zokuphumula usuku lonke
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka: Geza izandla njalo futhi gwema izindawo ezikhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo: Xhumana nomndeni, abangane, noma amaqembu okusekela ukuze uthole usizo lokulawula ukucindezeleka

Ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha noma uma ezikhona zibi kakhulu. Bangalungisa imithi yakho noma banikeze izindlela ezengeziwe zokunethezeka. Khumbula, ukucela usizo kuyisibonakaliso samandla, hhayi ubuthakathaka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukuba ulungile ngokuya ekuhlanganyeleni nodokotela wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho sokuhlangana nokuthi zonke izinkinga zakho ziqondwe. Ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukulungiselela imicabango yakho ngaphambili kungenza umehluko wangempela ekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwakho.

Nansi indlela yokulungiselela ngempumelelo:

• Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibi kakhulu
• Bala yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nama-vitamins owaqala ukuwathatha
• Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ukusekela nokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile
• Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza
• Butha noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo ngaphambili noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ehlobene nezimpawu zakho
• Qaphela noma yimuphi umlando womndeni womdlavuza noma izifo zamathambo

Cabanga ukuletha incwadi noma ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho ukurekhoda ulwazi olubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlangana. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza “imibuzo eminingi” noma ukuthatha “isikhathi esiningi”. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ufuna ukukusiza ukuqonda isimo sakho futhi uzizwe uqinisekile ngehlelo lakho lokwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nomphumela wamathambo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi umphumela wamathambo, nakuba ubukhulu, uyaphatheka, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ekuqaleni. Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yabantu abanesimo esinjalo, futhi abantu abaningi abane-mphumela wamathambo bayaqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuhlala njalo bamathambo noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ungalibeki ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kunikeza ithuba elihle lokuba nemiphumela ephumelelayo. Khumbula ukuthi iningi lobuhlungu bamathambo alibangelwa yimpumela, kodwa kuhlale kufanele uhlolwe izimpawu ezihlala njalo ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Phakathi nohambo lwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuxilongwa noma uthola ukwelashwa, khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, abangane, namaqembu okusekela bonke bakhona ukukusiza ukuhamba ngalesi sikhathi esinzima ngethemba namandla.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nomphumela wamathambo

Q1: Ingabe umphumela wamathambo uhlala ubulawa?

Cha, umphumela wamathambo awuhlali ubulawa. Amanani okusinda aye athuthuka kakhulu ngokuthuthuka kokwelashwa. I-prognosis ixhomeke ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lomphumela wamathambo, isigaba sawo lapho kuxilongwa, iminyaka yakho, nempilo yonke. Abantu abaningi abane-mphumela wamathambo, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ekuqaleni, bangaphathwa ngempumelelo futhi baqhubeke bephila impilo evamile.

Q2: Ingabe umphumela wamathambo ungasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba?

Yebo, umphumela wamathambo ungasakazeka (i-metastasize) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngokuvamile emaphaphwini. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuwenzeki kuzo zonke izimo, futhi lapho kwenzeka, kusekhona izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokugcina liqapha eduze futhi lisebenzise izivivinyo zezithombe ukuhlola noma yiziphi izimpawu zokusakazeka.

Q3: Ingabe umphumela wamathambo uhlala udinga ukususa ilungu?

Cha, ukususa ilungu akuhlali kudingeka ekwelapheni komphumela wamathambo. Namuhla, ukusebenza kokulondoloza amalungu kungenzeka cishe ku-90% yezimo, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokusebenza nezinto ze-prosthetic. Udokotela wakho uzolwela njalo ukulondoloza umsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi esusa ngokuphelele umdlavuza.

Q4: Ingabe abantwana bangathola umphumela wamathambo?

Yebo, izinhlobo ezithile zomphumela wamathambo, ikakhulukazi i-osteosarcoma ne-Ewing sarcoma, zivame kakhulu kubantwana nasemifanekisweni. Noma kunjalo, umphumela wamathambo kubantwana ngokuvamile uyaphendula kahle ekwelapheni, futhi abantu abaningi abasebancane baqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo. I-Pediatric oncologists ikhethekile ekwelapheni komdlavuza kubantwana futhi isebenza ukunciphisa imiphumela yasemuva.

Q5: Ingabe kukhona izinguquko zokuphila ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni umphumela wamathambo?

Njengoba izimbangela ezicacile zemiphumela eminingi yamathambo zingaziwa, azikho izindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokuvimbela. Noma kunjalo, ukulondoloza impilo enhle yonke ngokuzivocavoca okuvamile, ukudla okulinganiselayo okunama-calcium amaningi ne-vitamin D, nokugwema ukukhishwa kwe-radiation okungadingekile kungase kusekele impilo yamathambo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngenxa yobuhlungu obuhlala njalo bamathambo noma izimpawu ezikhathazayo.