Ukuqala kweBotulism? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Botulism iyisifo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi esibangelwa yi-toxins eyenziwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa nge-Clostridium botulinum. Lezi toxins ezinamandla zihlubuka isimiso sakho sezinzwa futhi zingabangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokuqina emzimbeni wakho.

Nakuba i-botulism ingase izwakale iyesabekayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ayivamile emazweni athuthukile. Iningi lamacala lingathintelwa, futhi uma itholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungaba nomphumela omuhle kakhulu. Ukuqonda izimpawu nezimbangela kungakusiza uhlale uphephile futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufunesekelwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-botulism?

Izimpawu ze-botulism ngokuvamile zivela phakathi kwamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-36 ngemuva kokubekwa ethokisini. Uphawu olukhulu yilokho ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqala ekhanda nasebusweni, bese buya phansi emzimbeni wakho.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaziqaphela, ngokuvamile zivele ngale ndlela:

• Ukubona okubili noma ukubona okuphazamisekile
• Amaphethilothi awohlokayo
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma inkulumo ephazamisekile
• Ubunzima bokuginya
• Umlomo owomile
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ezingalweni nasezinzweni
• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya

Okwenza i-botulism ibe ngeyodwa ukuthi ngokuvamile awuyi kuba nomkhuhlane, futhi ingqondo yakho ihlala icace kakhulu ngisho noma imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha bulandela iphethini ebonakalayo, luvela ekhanda luye ezingalweni, esifubeni, nasezinzweni.

Ezimweni ezinzima, ukuqina kungathinta imisipha oyisebenzisayo ukuze uqede umoya, yingakho i-botulism ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-botulism?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-botulism, ngayinye inezimbangela nezici zayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza uqonde imithombo engase ibe khona yokubekwa ethokisini.

I-botulism evela ekudleni yilohlobo oludume kakhulu. Kwenzeka uma udle ukudla okune-botulism toxin, ngokuvamile okuvela ekudleni okungakhiwe kahle noma okugcinwe kahle.

I-botulism yabantwana ithinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, izingane zigelela ama-spores ebhaktheriya, bese akhula ezibilisini zazo futhi enze i-toxin. Uju luyisithombo esivamile salezi spores.

I-botulism yokulimala kwenzeka uma ibhaktheriya ikhula ezihlabeni eziqandayo. Lolu hlobo luye lwaba lwavame kakhulu kubantu abagcoba izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi i-heroin emnyama.

I-botulism yezokwelapha yiluhlobo olungavamile olungase lwenzeke uma kusetshenziswa i-botulinum toxin eningi kakhulu ekuphishekelweni kwezokwelapha noma ezimweni zokuhlobisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa njenge-Botox injections uma kungabiwa kahle.

I-botulism yokuphefumula ayivamile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ivela kuphela ezingozi zelebhu noma ezimweni ezingase zibe yingozi ye-bioterrorism.

Yini ebangela i-botulism?

I-Botulism ibangelwa yi-toxins eyenziwa yibhaktheriya ye-Clostridium botulinum. Lezi bhaktheriya zitholakala ngokwemvelo emhlabathini futhi zingaphila ezindaweni ezingenayo i-oksijini ngokwakha ama-spores avikelekile.

Ibhaktheriya iba yingozi uma ithola izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokukhiqiza i-toxin yayo. Ikhula ezindaweni ezingenayo i-oksijeni, ezingenayo i-asidi, enezimo zokushisa ezifanele namanzi.

Nazi imithombo evamile lapho i-botulism ingakhula khona:

• Ukudla okugcinwe ekhaya, ikakhulukazi imifino engenayo i-asidi eningi njenge-green beans, ikhoneni, nama-beets
• Izinhlanzi nenyama ezingagcinwanga kahle
• Uju (luyingozi kakhulu kubantwana)
• I-Garlic egcinwe eoli ekamelweni
• Amaphathathi abhakwe afakwe e-foil futhi ashiywe ekamelweni
• Izihlabo eziqandayo, ikakhulukazi izindawo zokugcoba

Izindlela zokugcina ukudla kwezentengiselwano ngokuvamile ziphephile ngoba zisebenzisa izimo zokushisa eziphezulu namanani e-asidi afanele abulala ibhaktheriya nama-spores. Ingozi ivela ikakhulu ekuqondeni ukudla ekhaya uma izindlela ezifanele zingalandeliwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-spores ebhaktheriya aqinile kakhulu futhi angaphila emanzini abilayo. Kodwa-ke, i-toxin ngokwayo iphuka uma ishiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu imizuzu embalwa.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-botulism?

Kufanele ufunesekelwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo eba nezimpawu ezingase zibonise i-botulism. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Shaya u-911 noma uye endlini yokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela lezi zibonakaliso zezexwayiso:

• Ubunzima obuzumayo bokuqonda kahle noma ukubona okubili
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuginya
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuya emzimbeni wakho
• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukuphefumula okufushane
• Amaphethilothi awohlokayo kanye nezinye izimpawu

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa. I-Botulism ingathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi nge-antitoxin kungavimbela isimo ekubeni libi.

Uma ucindezela ukuthi udle ukudla okungcolile, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza aqonde ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini futhi akuqaphele izimpawu zesifo.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikhulise ingozi ye-botulism?

Isimo esithile nemisebenzi ingase ikhulise amathuba akho okuthola i-botulism. Ukuqaphela lezi zici ezingase zikhulise ingozi kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu uma uhlala uhileleka kule misebenzi:

• Ukuqonda ukudla ekhaya ngaphandle kokulandela imiyalo yokuphepha efanele
• Ukudla ukudla okugcinwe ekhaya okuvela emithonjeni engaziwa
• Ukusebenzisa i-garlic egcinwe eoli ngokungafanele
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezigcotshwayo, ikakhulukazi i-heroin emnyama
• Ukuba nezihlabo eziqandayo

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 zinabalingani abakhethekile bezingozi. Izibili zazo azikhulile ngokwanele ukuvimbela ama-spores e-botulism ekukhuleni, yingakho uju nama-corn syrup kufanele unganikiwe izingane ezincane kangaka.

Indawo yomhlaba ingase futhi ibe nomthelela. Ezinye izindawo zinezilinganiso eziphezulu zama-spores e-botulism emhlabathini, okungase kukhulise ingozi ye-botulism yokulimala noma ukungcola kokudla okukhulelwe endaweni.

Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka bangase babe sengozini enkulu kancane, nakuba i-botulism ingathinta noma ubani kungakhathaliseki impilo yabo yonke.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-botulism?

Nakuba abantu abaningi baphulukana ngokuphelele ne-botulism ngokwelashwa okufanele, isimo singase sihole ezinhlanganisela ezinzima, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kulibaziseka. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Inhlanganisela ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu ukwehluleka kokuphefumula. Njengoba i-toxin ibuthakathaka imisipha yakho yokuphefumula, ungase udinga ukuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kukusize uqede umoya kuze kube yilapho i-toxin isusiwe ohlelweni lwakho.

Ezinye izinhlanganisela zingafaka phakathi:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhlala isikhathi eside obuhlala amasonto kuya ezinyangeni
• Ubunzima bokuginya obudinga izibali zokudla
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma ezingase zihlale zikhona ngesikhathi sokuphulukana
• I-Aspiration pneumonia evela ekudleni noma ekuphumeni okungena emaphashini
• I-Blood clots evela ekunganyeki kahle isikhathi eside
• Imiphumela yezokwengqondo evela enkambeni ende yokuthola impilo

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingaphathwa kahle. Abantu abaningi bayaphulile ngokuphelele, nakuba kungase kudingeke izinyanga eziningi ukuze amandla emisipha abuyele esimweni.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqeda amandla nobuthakathaka isikhathi esingafika ngonyaka ngemuva kwesifo sabo, kodwa ukukhubazeka okungapheli okuvela e-botulism kuncane uma ukwelashwa kutholakala ngokushesha.

I-botulism ingavikeleka kanjani?

Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu nge-botulism ukuthi ingavikeleka ngokuphelele ngezindlela zokuphatha ukudla nokuphepha. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubekwa ethokisini.

Nazi izindlela zokuvikela eziphumelelayo zokuphepha kokudla:

• Landela izindlela ezivunyiwe nezindlela ezifanele zokugcina ukudla ekhaya
• Gcina ukudla okugcinwe ezindaweni ezibandayo, ezomile futhi uhlole izitsha eziqhumayo, eziphumayo, noma ezilimele
• Gcina imixube ye-garlic-in-oil ebhodini futhi uyisebenzise phakathi nesonto
• Unganiki uju izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12
• Gcina amaphathathi abhakwe ebhodini uma engaqedwanga ngokushesha
• Shisa ukudla okugcinwe ekhaya kuze kube yilapho kubila imizuzu engu-10 ngaphambi kokudla

Uma kukhulunywa ngokunakekelwa kwezihlabo, gcina zonke izinhlungu nezihlabo zicocekile futhi zibozwe kahle. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngezinhlungu ezibonisa izimpawu zokungcola, njengokubomvu, ukushisa, ukukhula, noma ukukhishwa okungavamile.

Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezigcotshwayo, ukusebenzisa izimpumputhe ezihlanzekile nokuqeda izidakamizwa zasendlini njenge-heroin emnyama kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ye-botulism yokulimala.

Themba izinzwa zakho ngokuphepha kokudla. Uma into ibukeka, iphunga, noma inambitheka kabi, ungayidli. Uma ungaqiniseki, uyilahle.

I-botulism ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-botulism kuhilela ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo kwezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nezivivinyo zelebhu ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza imibuzo eminingilizi mayelana nalokho okudlile nakho konke okwenzekile muva nje.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okuhle. Udokotela wakho uzovivinya amandla emisipha yakho, ama-reflexes, nokushintsha kwamehlo ukuze abone iphethini evamile yobunqamula obuthinta i-botulism.

Izivivinyo eziningi zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa:

• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuthola i-botulism toxin
• Izivivinyo ze-stool ukuthola ibhaktheriya noma i-toxin
• Ukuhlola imithombo yokudla ecindezelwe
• I-Electromyography (EMG) ukuthola amandla emisipha nezinzwa
• I-Lumbar puncture ukuvimbela ezinye izimo zezinzwa

Ukuqinisekiswa kwelebhu kungathatha izinsuku eziningi, ngakho udokotela wakho angase aqale ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nasekuvezweni kwakho kunokulinda imiphumela yezivivinyo.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizobuye lisebenze ukuthola umthombo wokubekwa ethokisini. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhlola ukudla okusele, ukuhlola izihlabo, noma ukuhlola ezinye imithombo engase ibe khona ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yakho yakamuva.

Ukwelashwa kwe-botulism kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-botulism kugxile ekusekeleni umzimba wakho ngenkathi i-toxin isuswa kancane ohlelweni lwakho futhi unikeze i-antitoxin ukuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo. Ukwelashwa okuqala ngokushesha, amathuba akho okuphulukana ngokuphelele aphezulu.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko yi-botulism antitoxin, engavimba i-toxin ekubeni ibe nomonakalo wezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukubuyisela umonakalo osewenzeke kakade, yingakho ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka.

Ukukhathalela kwakho kwezokwelapha kungafaka phakathi:

• I-Intravenous botulism antitoxin ukuze ihlukanise i-toxin ehamba ngegazi
• Ukuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo uma imisipha yokuphefumula ithinteka
• Izibali zokudla uma ukuginya kuba nzima
• I-Physical therapy ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wemisipha
• Imithi yokuphatha izinhlanganisela njengezifo
• Ukuhlanza izihlabo kanye ne-antibiotics ye-botulism yokulimala

Nge-botulism yabantwana, odokotela basebenzisa i-antitoxin ekhethekile ebizwa nge-Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) eklanywe ngokukhethekile izingane.

Ukuphulukana ngokuvamile kuhamba kancane kodwa kuqinile. Abantu abaningi badinga amasonto amaningi kuya ezinyangeni ezisibhedlela, okulandelelwa ukulungiswa okude ekhaya. I-toxin iphuka kancane kancane, futhi uxhumano lwezinzwa zakho luya kubuyela kancane kancane.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuphulukana?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuphulukana kwe-botulism kugxile ekusekeleni impilo yakho nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela ngenkathi amandla akho ebuya kancane kancane. Lesi sigaba sidinga isineke, njengoba ukuphulukana kungathatha izinyanga eziningi.

Uma usunempilo ngokwanele ukuphuma esibhedlela, inkambo yakho yokunakekelwa ekhaya kufanele ifake imisebenzi yokuqeqeshwa komzimba njalo ukuze kugcinwe amandla emisipha nokuvimbela ukunqamula. Umphenguli wakho uzokufundisa imisebenzi ephephile efanelekile namandla akho wamanje.

Izici ezibalulekile zokuthola impilo ekhaya zifaka:

• Ukulandela ukudla okuginywa ngokuphephile njengoba kunconywe yiphenguli lakho lokukhuluma
• Ukuthatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunconywe
• Ukuya kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano yokulandelela
• Ukuphumula ngokwanele ngenkathi uhlala usebenza ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka
• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele impilo
• Ukuqapha izimpawu zezinhlanganisela

Qaphela izibonakaliso zezexwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengokwanda kobunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukwanda kobunqamula, izimpawu zokungcola, noma izinkinga zokugwinya ezikubeka engozini yokukhahlela.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuphulukana kuhilela ukuphakama nokwehla. Ngezinye izinsuku ungase uzizwe unamandla, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinto evamile, futhi ukuthuthuka kancane kuyiphethini evamile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yezokwelapha kungasiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokukhathalela okufanele. Ukuba nolwazi oluqondile okulungile kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokushesha.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi konke ongakhumbula ngokudla kwakho kwamuva, ikakhulukazi esontweni eledlule. Faka ukudla okugcinwe ekhaya, ukudla kwendawo yokudlela, nanoma yikuphi ukudla okunambitheka okungavamile.

Letha lolwazi olukhulu nawe:

• Isikhathi esiningi sezimo lapho izimpawu zaqala khona nokuthi ziye zathuthuka kanjani
• Uhlu lwokuphela kokudla okudliwe ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ezedlule
• Noma yimiphi imithombo yokudla ecindezelwe, kufaka phakathi izitsha noma okusele
• Imithi yamanje nezimo zezokwelapha
• Izinhlungu zamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma izinqubo zezokwelapha
• Ulwazi loxhumano lwabanye ababelane ngokudla okufanayo

Uma kungenzeka, letha noma yimiphi imithombo yokudla ecindezelwe nawe noma uyigcine ukuze ihlungwe. Ungayilahli ukudla okungcolile, njengoba ukuhlola kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa nokuvikela abanye.

Bhala imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba ungase uzizwe ukhulu ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Buza ngezindlela zokwelashwa, isikhathi esilindelekile sokuphulukana, nezibonakaliso okumele uzibheke ekhaya.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-botulism?

I-Botulism iyisimo esibucayi kodwa esingelashwa esingavikeleka ngokuphelele ngezindlela zokuphepha kokudla. Nakuba kungase kube ukwesaba ukucabanga ngakho, ukuqonda amaqiniso kungakusiza uhlale uphephile futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufunesekelwe usizo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-botulism iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma uqaphela izimpawu njengokubona okubili, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuya, ungalindi ukuya kufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukuvikela kuhlala kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu. Ukulandela izindlela zokuphatha ukudla okuphephile, izindlela ezifanele zokugcina ukudla, nokukhathalela okuhle kwezihlabo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubekwa ethokisini.

Ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, abantu abaningi bayaphulile ngokuphelele e-botulism, nakuba inqubo ithola isikhathi nesineke. Imiphumela ye-toxin iyeyexeshana, futhi amandla akho azobuyela kancane kancane njengoba izinzwa zakho ziphulukana.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-botulism

Ungathola yini i-botulism ekudleni okugcinwe ezitolo?

I-Botulism evela ekudleni okugcinwe kwezentengiselwano ayivamile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile. Izindlela zokugcina ukudla kwezentengiselwano zisebenzisa izimo zokushisa eziphezulu namanani e-asidi afanele abulala ibhaktheriya nama-spores e-botulism. Iningi lamacala e-botulism livela ekudleni okugcinwe ekhaya noma ezinye izibili zokudla lapho izindlela zokuphepha ezifanele zingalandeliwe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ne-botulism?

Ukuphulukana ne-botulism ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga eziningi. Abantu abaningi bachitha amasonto kuya ezinyangeni ezisibhedlela, okulandelelwa ukulungiswa okude ekhaya. Amandla emisipha yakho azobuyela kancane kancane njengoba i-toxin isuswa ohlelweni lwakho futhi izinzwa zakho ziphulukana. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqeda amandla noma ubuthakathaka obuthambile isikhathi esingafika ngonyaka, kodwa abaningi bayaphulile ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe i-botulism iyadluliseka kumuntu nomuntu?

Cha, i-botulism ayikwazi ukudluliseka kumuntu nomuntu ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ukuphefumula, noma ukuthinta. Ungathola i-botulism kuphela ngokubekwa ethokisini ye-botulism ngokwayo, ngokuvamile ngokudla okungcolile, izihlabo eziqandayo, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuphefumula. Amalungu omndeni angathinteka kuphela uma abekewe emthonjeni ofanayo ongacolile.

Ukushiseka kokudla kungabulala yini i-botulism toxin?

Yebo, ukushisa ukudla kuze kube yilapho kubila (212°F noma 100°C) imizuzu engu-10 kungabulala i-botulism toxin. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akubulali ama-spores ebhaktheriya aqinile kakhulu angaphila emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Yingakho izindlela ezifanele zokugcina ukudla ezisebenzisa ukucindezela nokushisa okuphezulu kudingeka ukuvimbela i-botulism ekuqaleni.

Kungani izingane zingadli uju ngenxa yengozi ye-botulism?

Uju lungaba nama-spores e-botulism angonakalisi izingane ezindala nabantu abadala ngoba izibili zethu ezikhulile zivimbela ama-spores ekukhuleni. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 zinezibili ezingakhulile ezingavimbeli lezi spores ekukhuleni, ekukhuleni, nasekukhiqizeni i-toxin ezibilisini zazo. Lokhu kungase kuholele e-botulism yabantwana, yingakho uju kufanele lunganikiwe izingane ezingaphansi konyaka.