Ukuqothuka Kwengqondo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kwenzeka lapho amaseli e-kansa avela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ehamba eya ebuchosheni bakho futhi akhe ama-tumors amasha lapho. Lawo akuyona ama-kansa engqondo aqalile ebuchosheni uqobo, kodwa kunama-kansa asakazeke kwenye indawo njengaphefumulweni, amabele, noma isikhumba sakho.

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi ulawule. Ukuqothuka kwengqondo empeleni kuvame kakhulu kunama-tumors engqondo ayisisekelo, futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle ezitholakala namuhla ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo ziyahluka kuye ukuthi ukuqothuka kwengqondo kusekuphi ebuchosheni bakho nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani. Ubuchopho bakho bulawula imisebenzi ehlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngakho izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile abantu abazibonayo:

• Izinhlungu zekhanda ezingase zibe zimbi ekuseni noma zikuvuse ebuthongweni
• Ukuhlupheka, okungase kube yisibonakaliso sokuqala kwabanye abantu
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela noma ubunzima bokuhamba
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula noma ukudideka
• Ukushintsha komuntu noma ukuziphatha
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Izinkinga zobumona noma ukubona okubili
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma amazwi ahlanekezayo

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni, noma zingase zivele ngokushesha. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezilula kakhulu ekuqaleni, kanti abanye baphawula ukushintsha okukhulu ngokushesha.

Ngokungavamile, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezithile njengokuphulukela kokuzwa, ubunzima bokuginya, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa imisebenzi emincane yemoto njengokubhala. Lezi zivame ukwenzeka lapho ukuqothuka kwengqondo kulimaza izindawo ezithile zebuchosho.

Yini ebangela ukuqothuka kwengqondo?

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kuthuthuka lapho amaseli e-kansa ehlukana ne-tumor eyisisekelo kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho futhi ehamba nge-bloodstream yakho eya ebuchosheni bakho. Uma la maseli efika ebuchosheni bakho, angase ahlale futhi aqale ukukhula abe ama-tumors amasha.

Ama-kansa avamile kakhulu asakazeka ebuchosheni afaka:

• I-kansa yephefumulo (eyenza cishe i-50% yokuqothuka kwengqondo)
• I-kansa yamabele
• I-Melanoma (i-kansa yesikhumba)
• I-kansa yeqanda
• I-kansa ye-colorectal

I-kansa yephefumulo iyimbangela evamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-kansa yephefumulo engawona amaseli amancane. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ama-tumors ephefumulweni anayo ukufinyelela okulula e-bloodstream, futhi amaseli e-kansa angahamba ngokushesha eya ebuchosheni.

I-kansa yamabele ivame ukusakazeka ebuchosheni kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebancane nalabo abanemikhakha ethile eqinile. I-Melanoma, nakuba ingavamile ngokujwayelekile, inenkambo ephezulu yokusakazeka ebuchosheni lapho isakazeka.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ezinye izinhlobo ze-kansa njenge-kansa ye-thyroid, i-kansa yesisu, noma i-kansa yemvelaphi engaziwa ingase isakazeke ebuchosheni. Isikhathi sokuthi lokhu kwenzeke sihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha ze-neurological, ikakhulukazi uma unembali ye-kansa. Ngisho noma i-kansa yakho iphelile ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukubika noma yikuphi ukushintsha okukhathazayo.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima ngokushesha, ukuhlupheka, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho, noma ukudideka okukhulu. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi ukuqothuka kwengqondo kubangela ukucindezela okwandayo ebuchosheni bakho, okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma unezimpawu ezilula njengokushintsha kancane kokukhumbula, izinhlungu zekhanda ezilula, noma ukushintsha okuncane komuntu, cwangcisa i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo.

Kwabantu abamukela ukwelashwa kwe-kansa, iqembu lakho le-oncology kufanele likuqaphele njalo izibonakaliso zokuqothuka kwengqondo, kodwa ukhulume njalo uma uqaphela noma yini entsha noma ehlukile.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuqothukeni kwengqondo?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuqothuka kwengqondo, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingaholela akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha lihlale liqaphile.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingaholela zifaka:

• Ukuba nezinhlobo ezithile ze-kansa eyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi i-kansa yephefumulo, i-kansa yamabele, noma i-melanoma
• Isigaba esiphambili se-kansa yakho eyisisekelo
• Ubudala obuphansi (ikakhulukazi kwabagula be-kansa yamabele)
• Izimpawu ezithile ze-genetic e-tumor yakho
• Ukuba nokuqothuka okuningi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-kansa eziqine kakhulu

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abagula abasebancane be-kansa yamabele babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu, mhlawumbe ngoba bavame ukuba nemikhakha ye-kansa eqinile kakhulu. Kwabagula be-kansa yephefumulo, labo abanayo i-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo oluthile) baphezu kwengozi kunelabo abanemikhakha ye-kansa yephefumulo.

Ukuba nembali yokuqothuka kwezinye izitho akusho ukuthi i-kansa izosakazeka ebuchosheni bakho, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi i-kansa inekhono lokuhamba nge-bloodstream yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kungase kube nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga, kodwa eziningi zalezi zingaphathwa kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Okubalulekile ukuthola nokuphatha izinkinga ekuqaleni ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zifaka:

• Ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi ekhanda lakho (ukucindezela kwe-intracranial)
• Ukuhlupheka okungase kube okuphindaphindayo
• Ukushintsha kwengqondo okulimaza ukukhumbula nokucabanga
• Ubuthakathaka bemoto noma ukuhluleka
• Ubunzima bokuqondana
• Ukungahambisani kwamahomoni uma i-pituitary gland ithonya

Ukucindezela kwe-intracranial cishe kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-tumors noma ukukhuluka kuthatha isikhala ekhanda lakho, elingakwazi ukwanda ukuze lihlangabezane nawo. Izimpawu zifaka izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima, ukugabha, nokuqeda.

Ukuhlupheka kungase kube ukukhathazeka kakhulu, kodwa kuvame ukulawulwa kahle ngemithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka. Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokuhlupheka, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungakusiza uthole ukuthula kwengqondo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuqothuka kwengqondo kungabangela izinkinga ezingaba yingozi yokuphila njengokuqothuka kobuchopho, lapho ukucindezela okwandayo kuphoqa inyama yobuchopho ukuthi ishintshe isikhundla. Kungakho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kwezimpawu ezinzima kubaluleke kangaka.

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukunqunywa kokuqothuka kwengqondo kuvame ukuqala ngezifundo zokuthola izithombe ezingabonisa izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho bakho. Udokotela wakho uzodinga uku-oda i-MRI (iskena se-magnetic resonance imaging), esinikeza umbono ocacile we-tissue yobuchopho nanoma yikuphi ukukhula okungavamile.

Inkambiso yokunqunywa ivame ukulandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Umbiko wezokwelapha oningiliziwe nokuhlolwa kwe-neurological
2. I-MRI scan ene-contrast dye ukuze ibonise izindawo ezingavamile
3. Ngezinye izikhathi i-CT scan uma i-MRI ayitholakali noma ayifanelekile
4. Ngokungavamile, i-biopsy yobuchopho uma ukunqunywa kungaqiniseki
5. Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokubona noma ukuqapha i-kansa eyisisekelo

I-MRI ene-contrast iyindlela engcono kakhulu ngoba ingathola ngisho nokuqothuka okuncane okungase kungabonakali kwezinye izithombe. I-contrast dye iyasiza ukubonisa izindawo lapho i-blood-brain barrier iphukile khona ngokukhula kwe-tumor.

Ngokuvamile, uma unombhalo owaziwayo we-kansa futhi i-MRI ibonisa izibonakaliso ezivamile, udokotela wakho angaqopha ukuqothuka kwengqondo ngaphandle kokudinga i-biopsy. Ama-biopsies avame ukudingeka kuphela lapho ukunqunywa kungacaci noma lapho ukwazi uhlobo oluqondile lamaseli e-kansa kuzoshintsha izinqumo zokwelapha.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase likwenze futhi izikena zokuqapha ukuze libone ukuthi i-kansa isakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, okusiza ekuqondiseni ukuhlelwa kokwelapha.

Uyini ukwelashwa kokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Ukwelashwa kokuqothuka kwengqondo kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kunezindlela eziningi ezitholakalayo ezisiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi zande ikhwalithi yokuphila. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzokwenziwa ngokukhethekile ngokusekelwe ezintweni njengobukhulu nendawo yokuqothuka, impilo yakho yonke, nohlobo lwe-kansa yakho eyisisekelo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zifaka:

• I-Stereotactic radiosurgery (ukukhanya okugxilwe kakhulu, okuqondile)
• Ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-radiation yobuchopho
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ama-tumors afinyeleleka
• Imithi yokwelapha ehloselwe
• Ukwelashwa kwe-immunotherapy
• I-Chemotherapy (ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-kansa)
• Imithi yokuqapha izimpawu nemiphumela emibi

I-Stereotactic radiosurgery, naphezu kwegama layo, akuyona ukuhlinzwa. Ihlinzeka ngemisebe ye-radiation egxile kakhulu ukuze ihlose ukuqothuka kwengqondo ngenkathi igcina i-tissue yobuchopho ephilile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukukhethwa kokuqothuka okuncane kuya kokuphakathi ngoba kuqondile futhi kuvame ukudinga iseshini eyodwa kuya kwezintathu kuphela.

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kunconywe uma une-metastasis enkulu ebangela izimpawu ezinkulu, noma uma kungekho kuqiniseka mayelana nokuxilongwa. Ukususa i-tumor enkulu kungasusa ngokushesha ukucindezela futhi kuthuthukise izimpawu.

Kwabantu abanemikhakha ethile ye-kansa njenge-kansa yephefumulo enezinguquko ezithile ze-genetic, ukwelashwa okuhloselwe kungaba okuphumelelayo kakhulu ekuqothuleni ukuqothuka kwengqondo. Le miithi yenzelwe ukuhlasela imigomo ethile ye-molecular emaseleni e-kansa.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza futhi imithi yokusekela ukuqapha izimpawu. Ama-steroids anganciphisa ukukhuluka kobuchopho, imithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka ivikela ukuhlupheka, futhi imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu iyasiza ngezinhlungu zekhanda.

Indlela yokulawula izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukulawula ukuqothuka kwengqondo ekhaya kuhilela ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha nokwenza ukulungiswa kwesitayela sokuphila okusekela impilo yakho yonke. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko obalulekile endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile kakhulu:

• Thatha yonke imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe, kufaka phakathi ama-steroids nemithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka
• Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele ukushintsha nezibonakaliso
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele, uqonde amahora angu-7-8 okulala ebusuku
• Hlala uthambile kodwa gwema ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi uma usebenzisa ama-steroids
• Dla ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okunama-nutrients amaningi ukuze usekele ukululama
• Hlanganyela emisebenzini yokuqina okulula njengoba kuvunyelwe yiqembu lakho lezokwelapha
• Sebenzisa izinto zokusiza ukukhumbula njengezikhalenda nezinsimbi zokubeka amaphilisi
• Dala indawo ekhaya ephephile ukuvimbela ukuwa

Uma usebenzisa ama-steroids, ungase uqaphele ukwanda kokulangazelela, ubunzima bokuphumula, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo. Le miphumela emibi ivamile, kodwa tshela udokotela wakho uma ibe nzima.

Ukuphepha kuba kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokulinganisela noma ubuthakathaka. Susa ama-rugs, qiniseka ukuthi kukhona ukukhanya okuhle, futhi cabanga ngokufaka ama-grab bars egumbini lokugezela.

Ungangabazi ukucela usizo lwabantu bakubo nabangane emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Ukuba nokusekelwa ngokuthenga, ukupheka, noma ukuthutha kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kukusize ugxile ekululameni.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti neqembu lakho lezokwelapha kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi uqonde zonke izinkinga zakho. Ukulungiselela kancane kuhamba ibanga elide ekuqondeni okusebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, butha lolu lwazi olubalulekile:

1. Bhala zonke izimpawu oziqaphile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
2. Bala yonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithamo
3. Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezindlela zakho zokwelapha nokuthi yini okulindelekile
4. Letha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusize futhi likusize ukukhumbula ulwazi
5. Hlela noma yiziphi iziphumo zezivivinyo zangaphambili noma izifundo zokuthola izithombe
6. Qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zithinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke

Cabanga ngokuletha umuntu nawe kwi-aphoyintimenti, ikakhulukazi lapho uxoxa ngezindlela zokwelapha noma uthola iziphumo zezivivinyo. Ukuba nezinye izindlebe kungaba yigugu lapho uqonda ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezokwelapha.

Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo, ngisho noma ibonakala iyisisekelo. Imibuzo emihle ingafaka ukubuza ngemiphumela emibi yokwelapha, izimpawu okumele uzibheke, nini kufanele ubizela ihhovisi, nokuthi i-prognosis yakho ibukeka kanjani.

Uma uzizwa ukhulu, kulungile ukucela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahambe kancane noma aphinde ulwazi. Ungase ufune ukubuza uma ungarekhoda ingxoxo (ngemvume) ukuze ukwazi ukuyibuyekeza kamuva.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kuyisimo esinzima, kodwa akuyona into engenathemba. Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu kokubili izindlela zokwelapha nekhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu ababhekene nalolu xilongo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi isimo somuntu ngamunye sihlukile. I-prognosis yakho nehlelo lokwelapha kuzoxhomeka ezintweni eziningi kufaka phakathi impilo yakho yonke, uhlobo lwe-kansa eyisisekelo, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Ukutholakala ekuqaleni nokwelashwa okusheshayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha ze-neurological, ikakhulukazi ngombhalo we-kansa, ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Gxila usuku olulodwa ngesikhathi futhi xhomeka eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangane ukuze uthole ukusekelwa. Abantu abaningi abanokuqothuka kwengqondo baqhubeka bephila impilo enenjongo, ehlala ihlala njengoba beqapha isimo sabo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nokuqothuka kwengqondo

Ingakwelashwa yini ukuqothuka kwengqondo?

Nakuba ukuqothuka kwengqondo kungelapheki ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi baphila izinyanga noma iminyaka ngekhwalithi yokuphila enhle ngokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Abanye abantu abanokuqothuka okulinganiselwe bayafinyelela ekulawuleni isikhathi eside okufana nokwelashwa. Injongo ivame ukuba ukulawula isifo nokulondoloza umsebenzi kunokususwa okuphelele.

Ukuqothuka kwengqondo kukhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izilinganiso zokukhula ziyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-kansa eyisisekelo nezici zomuntu. Ezinye izinto ziyakhula kancane ezinyangeni, kanti ezinye zingathuthuka ngokushesha ezinyangeni. Ukuqothuka kwe-kansa yephefumulo kuvame ukukhula ngokushesha, kanti ukuqothuka kwe-kansa yamabele kungase kuthuthuke kancane. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha liqaphele noma yikuphi ukushintsha.

Ngingalahlekelwa yini izinwele zami ngokwelashwa kwe-radiation yobuchopho?

Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lokwelashwa kwe-radiation oyitholayo. I-Stereotactic radiosurgery ivame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele ezincane, ngokuvamile kuphela endaweni ethile ephilile. Ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-radiation yobuchopho kuvame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele okuphelele phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-3, nakuba izinwele zivame ukukhula kabusha ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngesimo noma umbala ohlukile.

Ngingaqhubela yini ngokuqothuka kwengqondo?

Ukulinganiselwa kokushayela kuyahluka kuye ngezimpawu zakho ezithile nemithetho yendawo. Uma uhluphekile, izindawo eziningi zidinga isikhathi esingenaso ukuhlupheka ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke uphinde ushayele. Izinkinga zobumona, ukuxhumanisa, noma isikhathi sokuphendula zingase zithinte ukuphepha kokushayela. Xoxa nalokhu nodokotela wakho, njengoba bengakunikeza isiqondiso ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu kanye nemithetho yendawo.

Ngingazitshela kanjani izindlu zami ngokuxilongwa kwami?

Lena ingxoxo enzima kakhulu ozohlangabezana nayo, futhi kulungile ukuzizwa ukhulu ngayo. Cabanga ukuqala ngabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakho, wabelane ngolwazi oluqondile mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho nehlelo lokwelapha. Gxila kulokho okukwaziyo futhi ugweme ukucwaninga ngekusasa. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuba kuwusizo ukuba nalezi zingxoxo ngokusekelwa komqeqeshi, umsebenzi wezenhlalo, noma umngane othembekile okhona.