Ukuthi Yini I-Brain Tumor? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-brain tumor iyikhula elingavamile lamaseli ebuchosheni bakho noma endaweni elizungezile. Lokhu kukhula kungaba yi-benign (engeyona i-cancer) noma i-malignant (i-cancer), futhi nakuba igama elithi "tumor" lingase libe yingozi, ama-brain tumors amaningi aphekwa ngempumelelo enhle.

Ubuchopho bakho bulawula konke okwenziwa umzimba wakho, ngakho-ke uma kukhula i-tumor, kungathinta imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi ikuphi. Cabanga ngebuchopo bakho njengodraivi oluqine kwikhompyutha - izindawo ezahlukene ziphatha imisebenzi ehlukene, ngakho izimpawu ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi "ifolda" iyiphi ethintwe.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-brain tumors?

Izimpawu ze-brain tumor zivela lapho i-mass ekhulayo icindezela inyama yengqondo elizungezile noma iphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile wengqondo. Izimpawu ozibona ziyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-tumor ikuphi nokuthi ikhula kangakanani.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu abantu abazibonayo:

• Izinhlungu zekhanda: Zivame ukuba zimbi ekuseni noma lapho ulele phansi, ezihlukile kwezinhlungu zakho zekhanda ezijwayelekile
• Ukuhlanza: Ukuhlanza okusha kubantu abadala, ikakhulu labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha
• Ukushintsha kokubona: Ukubona okungacaceki, ukubona okubili, noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona emaphethelweni
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ubunzima bokuthola amagama, ukukhuluma okungacaceki, noma ubunzima bokuqonda abanye
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela: Ukukhungatheka, ukungazinzi, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla: Ngokuvamile kuthinta ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula nokugxila: Ubunzima bokucabanga, ukudideka, noma ukushintsha komuntu
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha: Ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe nezinhlungu zekhanda

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokushintsha kokuzwa, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ubuthakathaka bokuphakama. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhule kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, noma ngezinye izikhathi zivele ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-brain tumors?

Ama-brain tumors ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-tumors aphambili aqala ebuchosheni nama-tumors asesibili asakazeka kwenye indawo yomzimba. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Ama-brain tumors aphambili aqala enyameni yengqondo ngokwayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ama-Gliomas: Avela emaseleni e-glial asekele ama-neurons engqondo, kuhlanganise nama-astrocytomas nama-oligodendrogliomas
• Ama-Meningiomas: Akhulayo emaphepheni ahlanganisa ubuchopho, ngokuvamile yi-benign futhi akhula kancane
• Ama-Pituitary adenomas: Akhiqizwa e-pituitary gland, ngokuvamile athinta ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni
• Ama-Acoustic neuromas: Akhulayo emithanjeni elawula ukuzwa nokulinganisela
• Ama-Medulloepitheliomas: Ama-tumors amancane avame ukufunyanwa kubantwana

Ama-brain tumors asesibili avame kakhulu kunaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-cancer evela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba yakho isakazeka ebuchosheni, ngokuvamile e-lung, isifuba, ikidney, noma i-skin cancers.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa ama-craniopharyngiomas (eduze kwe-pituitary gland), ama-choroid plexus tumors (e-brain ventricles), nama-primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizocacisa uhlobo oluqondile ngokusebenzisa izithombe kanye ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-brain tumors?

Imbangela eqondile yama-brain tumors amaningi ayaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi baye bafumana izici eziningana ezingase zikhulise ingozi. Ama-brain tumors amaningi akhula ngenxa yokushintsha okungahleliwe kwe-genetic emaseleni kunokuba yizimo eziwusifa.

Nazi izici ezaziwayo zengozi nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona:

• Ukudalulwa kweradieysheni: Ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni kwangaphambili ekhanda noma ukudalulwa kweradieysheni ye-atomic
• Izimo ze-genetic: Izimo eziwusifa eziwumfihlo njenge-neurofibromatosis, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, noma i-von Hippel-Lindau disease
• Ubudala: Ingozi iyakhula ngokwanda kobudala, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zivame kakhulu kubantwana
• Ukucindezelwa kwe-immune system: Abantu abane-immune system ebuthakathaka banengozi enkulu
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nohlobo oluthile lwe-brain tumors kukhuphula kancane ingozi

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukudalulwa kwezinto ezithile ezikhemikhali njenge-vinyl chloride noma i-formaldehyde ezindaweni zomsebenzi. Ngokuphambene nezinkathazo ezivamile, amafoni aselula nama-electromagnetic fields awazange afakazelwe ukuthi abangela ama-brain tumors ocwaningweni lwamanje.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula i-brain tumor. Abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abakhulumi ama-tumors, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezaziwayo bayakhula.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu ze-brain tumor?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zezinzwa eziqhubekayo noma ezimbi, ikakhulukazi uma zintsha noma zihlukile kunanoma yini ohlangabezane nayo ngaphambili. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Inhlungu yekhanda ebuhlungu kakhulu engajwayelekile
• Ukuhlanza okusha, ikakhulu kubantu abadala
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ngokushesha ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona ngokushesha noma ukushintsha okukhulu kokubona
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda ukukhuluma
• Izinkinga ezinzima zokulinganisela noma ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumanisa

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti yokuhlinzwa ngezimpawu ezifana nezinhlungu zekhanda ezimbi kancane kancane, ukushintsha kokukhumbula okuncane, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa ezincane. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela eziningi ngaphandle kwama-brain tumors, kuhlale kungcono ukuthi zihlolwe.

Thembani izinzwa zakho - uma kukhona okuzwakala okuhlukile kakhulu ngokucabanga kwakho, ukuhamba kwakho, noma imizwa yakho, kufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthola ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-brain tumors?

Ukuqonda izici zengozi kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yakho, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abakhulumi ama-brain tumors. Lezi zici zikhuphula nje amathuba ngokwezibalo.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Ama-brain tumors amaningi avela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zithinta abantwana kakhulu
• Ubulili: Amadoda akhula ama-brain tumors kancane kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngaphandle kwama-meningiomas
• Uhlanga nobuzwe: Abamhlophe banesilinganiso esiphezulu sezinye i-brain tumors njenge-gliomas
• Ukwelashwa kwe-cancer kwangaphambili: Ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni ekhanda kukhuphula ingozi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva
• Izimo ze-genetic: Izimo njenge-neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 no-2, i-tuberous sclerosis, noma i-Lynch syndrome
• Izifo ze-immune system: I-HIV/AIDS noma imithi yokucindezela i-immune system ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezitho

Ezinye izici zengozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukudalulwa kwezinto ezithile ezikhemikhali zezimboni, ukulimala kwangaphambili ekhanda ngokuqhekeka kwamagagasi, noma ukwamukela ukwelashwa kwe-growth hormone evela kubantu abafile (akusetshenziswa).

Izici zemvelo njengokuphila eduze kwemigqa yamandla, ukusebenzisa amafoni aselula, noma ukudla okungakaze kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nokuthuthukiswa kwe-brain tumor ocwaningweni lwamanje. Iningi lama-brain tumors livela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwezimbangela ezaziwayo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-brain tumors?

Izinhlanganisela ze-brain tumor ziyahluka kuye ngobukhulu be-tumor, indawo, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula. Nakuba lolu lwazi lungase lube lukhulu, ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukusebenza neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuze uzivimbele noma uzilawule ngempumelelo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhula kwe-intracranial pressure: Kungabangela izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima, ukuphefumula, nezinkinga zokubona
• Ukuhlanza: Kungase kuvele ngisho nama-tumors e-benign, kodwa ngokuvamile kulawulwa ngemithi
• Ukushintsha kwengqondo: Izinkinga zokukhumbula, ubunzima bokuhlanganisa, noma ukushintsha komuntu
• Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi we-motor: Ubuthakathaka, ukungakwazi ukuhamba, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa
• Ukushintsha kwezinzwa: Ukubona, ukuzwa, noma izinkinga zemizwa
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nolimi: Izinkinga zokukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukufunda, noma ukubhala

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise i-hydrocephalus (ukwakheka koketshezi ebuchosheni), i-brain herniation evela ekukhuleni okukhulu, noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni uma i-tumor ithinta i-pituitary gland.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela eziningi zingalawulwa noma zivinjelwe ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunakekela eduze futhi lilungise ukwelashwa ukuze kunciphisa lezi zingozi ngenkathi liwelapha i-tumor ngempumelelo.

Ama-brain tumors ahlolwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-brain tumor kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana, kuqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okuhle kwezinzwa ukuze ahlole umsebenzi wengqondo yakho, ukuxhumanisa, kanye ne-reflexes.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Ukuhlolwa kokubona kwakho, ukuzwa, ukulinganisela, ukuxhumanisa, ne-reflexes
2. I-MRI scan: Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe olunemininingwane kakhulu yama-brain tumors, ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-contrast dye
3. I-CT scan: Kungase kusetshenziswe ekuqaleni noma uma i-MRI ingasebenzi
4. I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha isampula encane yenyama ukuze uthole uhlobo oluqondile lwe-tumor
5. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe: Kungase kuhlanganise ama-PET scans, i-angiography, noma i-lumbar puncture ezimweni ezithile

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase a-ode ama-MRI sequences akhethekile njenge-diffusion tensor imaging noma i-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ukuze aqonde kangcono izici ze-tumor. Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zibuye zihlole ama-tumor markers noma ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic.

I-biopsy ingenziwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngezinye izikhathi ngenhlanzi eholwa izithombe. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba ukwelashwa kuncike kakhulu ekuqondeni uhlobo oluqondile kanye nesigaba se-tumor onayo.

Uyini ukwelashwa kwe-brain tumors?

Ukwelashwa kwe-brain tumor kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-tumor, ubukhulu, indawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Umgomo ukususa noma ukulawula i-tumor ngenkathi ulondoloza umsebenzi wengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kokuqala ukususa i-tumor eningi ngangokunokwenzeka
• Ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni: Ama-beams amandla aphezulu ukubhubhisa amaseli e-tumor asale
• I-Chemotherapy: Imithi yokubulala amaseli e-cancer, enikezwa ngomlomo noma nge-intravenously
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe: Imithi ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli e-tumor
• I-Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza i-immune system yakho ukulwa ne-tumor
• Imithi ye-steroid: Ukuncipha kokukhula kwengqondo kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo

Amathuluzi athuthukile njenge-stereotactic radiosurgery angaqondisa ngokuqondile ama-tumors ngama-radiation beams afokuswe. Abanye abantu bangase bamukele ukwelashwa njenge-tumor treating fields (i-electrical field therapy) noma bahlanganyele ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha okuhlola izindlela ezintsha.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungase luhlanganise izindlela eziningana. Isibonelo, ungase ube nokuhlinzwa okulandelelwa yeradieysheni ne-chemotherapy. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizochaza isinyathelo ngasinye futhi likusize uqonde ukuthi yini okulindelekile.

Indlela yokulawula izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-brain tumor?

Ukulawula impilo yansuku zonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-brain tumor kudinga ukuzeka kade umsindo ngawe kanye namasu asebenzayo. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesiko lakho kungathuthukisa kakhulu induduzo yakho kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Nazi izindlela eziwusizo zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ngezinhlungu zekhanda: Gcina isimiso sokulala esiqondile, hlala uthola amanzi, futhi sebenzisa imithi ebekiwe njengoba kuqondiswe
• Ngokuphumula: Hlela imisebenzi ebalulekile lapho uzizwa unamandla kakhulu, ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kosuku
• Ngezinselelo zokukhumbula: Sebenzisa ama-calendars, ama-pill organizers, nama-smartphone reminders
• Ngezinselelo zokulinganisela: Susa izinto ezingase zikwenze ukhubeke, sebenzisa ama-handrails, futhi cabanga ngokusiza uma kudingeka
• Ngokuphefumula: Dlala ukudla okuncane, okuvamile futhi gwema izinto ezinuka kakhulu
• Ukulawula ukuhlanza: Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kuqondiswe futhi gwema izinto ezibangela ukuhlanza

Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ekuqondeni amandla nomoya, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho kuqala. Abanye abantu bathola ukucamngca, i-yoga elula, noma ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kuwusizo ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele izimo futhi uhlanganyele neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha futhi balawule imiphumela emibi ngempumelelo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lezokwelapha. Letha umuntu nawe uma kungenzeka, njengoba bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho:

1. Bhala izimpawu zakho: Faka lapho zaqala khona, ukuthi zivele kangaki, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
2. Bala yonke imithi: Faka imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, kanye nezinhlanganisela
3. Bukele amarekhodi wezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kwangaphambili, imiphumela yolawulo, nama-specialist reports
4. Lungiselela imibuzo: Bhala konke ofuna ukukubuza
5. Letha ulwazi lwe-insurance: Amakhadi nanoma yimaphi amaphepha okubhekisela

Imibuzo emihle yokubuza ihlanganisa: Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-tumor enayo? Ziyini izinketho zami zokwelapha? Ziyini izingozi nezinzuzo zesinye isinye isinketho? Ukwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke? Ziyiphi izinsiza zokwesekwa ezitholakalayo?

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci. Cela ulwazi olubhaliwe noma amawebhusayithi athendekile lapho ungafunda khona okwengeziwe. Khumbula, akukho mbuzo omncane uma kuziwa ekuqondeni impilo yakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile ngama-brain tumors?

Ama-brain tumors ayizimo ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, kodwa ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yabantu abaningi. Okubalulekile ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokusebenza eduze neqembu lezokwelapha elikhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-brain tumors ayi-cancer, futhi ngisho nama-tumors e-malignant ngokuvamile angaphekwa ngempumelelo noma alawulwe iminyaka eminingi. Izinga lokuphila liyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-tumor, indawo, ubukhulu, nokuthi ibambekelwe nini.

Gxilisa ingqondo kulokho ongakulawula: ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukulondoloza impilo yakho yonke, nokukhahlela inethiwekhi eqinile yokwesekwa. Abantu abaningi abanawo ama-brain tumors baqhubeka bephila impilo ezele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemuva kwakho.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lezokwelapha futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana lapho unezinxushunxushu. Bakhona ukukusekela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zohambo lwakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngama-brain tumors

Q1: Ingabe ama-brain tumors angavikelwa?

Ama-brain tumors amaningi awanakuvimbelwa ngoba akhula ngenxa yokushintsha okungahleliwe kwe-genetic emaseleni. Noma kunjalo, unganciphisa ezinye izici zengozi ngokugwema ukudalulwa okungadingekile kweradieysheni nokugcina impilo enempilo. Uma une-genetic syndrome ekhuphula ingozi ye-brain tumor, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nodokotela wakho kubalulekile.

Q2: Ingabe ama-brain tumors ahlale ebulawa?

Cha, ama-brain tumors amaningi awabuli mali. Ama-tumors e-benign njenge-meningiomas ngokuvamile anamiphumela emihle ngokwelashwa. Ngisho nama-tumors amaningi e-malignant angaphekwa ngempumelelo noma alawulwe iminyaka eminingi. Amanani okusinda ahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-tumor, indawo, nezici zomuntu, ngakho kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho esithile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Q3: Ingabe amafoni aselula abangela ama-brain tumors?

Ucwaningo lwamanje alufumananga uxhumano phakathi kokusebenzisa ifoni yaselula nama-brain tumors. Izifundo ezinkulu ezilandela abasebenzisi befoni yaselula eminyakeni eminingi azibonanga ukwanda kwamanani e-brain tumor. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka. Uma ukhathazekile, ungasebenzisa amadivayisi angenazandla noma izinketho ze-speakerphone.

Q4: Ingabe ama-brain tumors angatholakala kwasekuqaleni?

Ama-brain tumors awanawo ukuhlolwa okuvamile njengezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer, kodwa ukunaka izimpawu zezinzwa eziqhubekayo kungase kuholele ekutholeni kwasekuqaleni. Izimpawu ezifana nezinhlungu zekhanda ezintsha, ukushintsha kokubona, noma ukuhlanza kufanele kukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono yekwelapha.

Q5: Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa ebuchosheni?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onama-brain tumors odinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwe-tumor, ubukhulu, indawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Amanye ama-tumors amancane, akhula kancane angase adinge ukunakekelwa kuphela. Amanye angase aphekwe ngeradieysheni noma imithi. Iqembu lakho lokuhlinzwa lobuchopho lizocela indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.