Ibazu Eliphukile
Uhlolojikelele
Isifuba sakho senziwe ngamathambo amathathu: ithambo eliphezulu lesandla (humerus) namathambo amabili esandla (ulna ne radius). Igama elithi "ukwephula isandla" lingabhekisela ekwehlukaneni kwanoma yiliphi lala mathambo.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwesandla kuhilela elinye noma ngaphezulu kwamathumba amathathu esandleni sakho — ulna, radius ne humerus. Esinye sezizathu ezivamile zokwephula isandla kukuwa phezu kwesandla esolule. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho iphule isandla, funa ukunakekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukwelapha ukwehlukaniswa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kube khona ukululama okuhle.
Ukuphathwa kuncike endaweni nobunzima bokulimala. Ukwehlukaniswa okulula kungase kuphathwe ngentambo, iqhwa nokuphumula. Noma kunjalo, ithambo lingadinga ukulungiswa kabusha (ukunciphisa) ekamelweni lemiphumela.
Ukwehlukaniswa okunzima kakhulu kungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe kabusha ithambo eliqhekekile nokuhlanganisa izingcingo, iziplate, izikhonkwane noma izikrufu ukuze zigcine ithambo endaweni ngesikhathi sokululama.
Izimpawu
Ukuqhuma noma umsindo wokuphazamiseka kungaba yisibonakaliso sakho sokuqala sokuthi uphukile ingalo. Izimpawu nezincazelo zihlanganisa: Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuningi ngokunyakaza Ukukhula Ukuphahlazeka Ukuphambuka, njengengalo egubekile noma ihlombe Ukungakwazi ukujika ingalo yakho kusuka ehlombe phezulu kuya ehlombe phansi noma ngokuphambene nalokho Uma ubuhlungu obukhulu engalweni yakho kangangokuba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokujwayelekile, bheka udokotela ngokushesha. Lokhu kufanele futhi kwenziwe ngengane yakho. Ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni kwengalo ephukile, ikakhulukazi kubantwana, abaphola ngokushesha kunabantu abadala, kungabangela ukwelapha okubi.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela
Uma ubuhlungu ehlombe lwakho bungakaze ukwazi ukulisebenzisa njengoba kufanele, vakashela udokotela ngokushesha. Okufanayo kuya kubantwana bakho. Ukulibaziseka ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni ihlombe eliphukile, ikakhulu kubantwana, abaphola ngokushesha kunabantu abadala, kungabangela ukwelapha okubi.
Izimbangela
Izimbangela ezivamile zengalo ephukile zihlanganisa:
- Ukuwa. Ukuwa phezu kwesandla esolukile noma ihlombe yimbangela evamile kakhulu yengalo ephukile.
- Ukulimala kwezemidlalo. Ukuphahlazeka okuqondile nokulimala enkundleni noma ekhabetheni kubangela zonke izinhlobo zokwephulwa kwegxalaba.
- Ukulimala okukhulu. Noma yiluphi lwamathambo akho engalo lungaphulwa ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana kwezimoto, ingozi yebhayisikili noma olunye ukulimala okuqondile.
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwabantwana. Kubantwana, ingalo ephukile ingase ibe yiphuthuma lokuxhashazwa kwabantwana.
Izici eziyingozi
Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma imisebenzi yomzimba zingandisa ingozi yokuphuka kwenduku.
Imidlalo yomzimba ebandakanya ukuxhumana komzimba noma ephakamisa ingozi yokuwa — okuhlanganisa ibhola, ibhola lezinyawo, ijimnastic, ukuskiya nokuskhetha — futhi iyandisa ingozi yokuphuka kwenduku.
Izimo ezibuthaka amathambo, njengoostoporosis kanye nezinhlungu zamathambo, zikhuphula ingozi yokuphuka kwenduku. Lolu hlobo lokuphuka lubizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka okungokwesifo.
Izingqinamba
Isiprognozis ngokweqile lemikhawulo yengalo lihle kakhulu uma liqale ukwelashwa. Kodwa izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhula okungalingani. Ngenxa yokuthi amathambo engalo yengane asakhula, ukwephulwa komthambo endaweni lapho kukhula khona eduze kwesiphetho ngasinye somthambo omde (ibhodi yokukhula) kungaphazanyiswa ukukhula kwalowo mthambo.
- Ukuqina kwama-Osteoarthritis. Ukwephulwa komthambo okufika ejoyini kungabangela i-arthritis lapho eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
- Ukuqina. Ukumiswa okudingekayo ukuphulukisa ukwephulwa komthambo wezingalo eziphezulu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukunciphisa okubuhlungu kokunyakaza kwehlombe noma ihlombe.
- Ukutheleleka komthambo. Uma ingxenye yomthambo wakho oqhekekile iphuma ngaphandle kwesikhumba sakho, ingase ibe sengozini yamagciwane angabangela ukutheleleka. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwalolu hlobo lokuphahlazeka kubalulekile.
- Ukulimala komthambo noma isikhuthulu. Uma umthambo wezingalo eziphezulu (i-humerus) uqhekeka ube yizicucu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, iziphetho eziqhekekile zingalimaza imithambo nemisipha eseduze. Funani usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha uma uqaphela ubuhlungu noma izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi.
- I-Compartment syndrome. Ukukhula okukhulu kwengalo elilimaziwe kunganciphisa ukunikezwa kwegazi kwengxenye yengalo, kubangele ubuhlungu nobuhlungu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokulimaza, i-compartment syndrome iyimo lezokwelapha elidingeka ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuvimbela
Nakuba kunzima ukuvimba ingozi, lezi zeluleko zingase zinikeze isivikelo ethile ekuphulweni kwamafu.
- Dla ukwenza amafu akho aqine. Dla ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe ukudla okunama-calcium amaningi, njengobisi, iyogathi nechiizi, ne-vitamin D, esiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uthathe i-calcium. Ungathola i-vitamin D ezinhlanzini ezinamanoni, njengesi-salmon; ekudleni okuqinisiwe, njengobisi njusi yeorenji; nasekukhanyeni kwelanga.
- Zivocavoca ukwenza amafu akho aqine. Ukuzivocavoca komzimba okuthwala isisindo kanye nokuzivocavoca okuthuthukisa ibhalansi nokuma kungaqinisa amafu futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuphula. Uma uhlale usebenza futhi uqine njengoba ukhula, kuba kancane amathuba okuwa uphule ifu.
- Vimbela ukuwa. Ukuvimbela ukuwa, gqoka izicathulo ezifanele. Susa izingozi zasekhaya ezingakubangela ukuthi ukhubeke, njengezikhwama ze-area. Qiniseka ukuthi indawo ohlala kuyo ikhanyisiwe kahle. Faka ama-grab bar ekamelweni lakho lokugezela nama-handrail ezitebhini zakho, uma kudingeka.
- Sebenzisa izingubo zokulondeka. Gqoka ama-wrist guard emisebenzini engozi enkulu, njengokugibela i-in-line skating, i-snowboarding, i-rugby nebhola.
- Ungabhemi. Ukubhema kungandisa amathuba okuphula ingalo ngokunciphisa ubuningi befu. Kwenza futhi kube nzima ukululama kwamafu aphelile.
Ukuxilongwa
Udokotela wakho uzohlola ingalo yakho ukuze abone ukuzwakala, ukukhula, ukukhubazeka noma isiqeba esivulekile. Ngemva kokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nendlela ohlukumezekile ngayo, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala i-X-rays ukuze aqonde indawo nobukhulu bokuphuka. Ngezinye izikhathi, olunye uhlolo, njenge-MRI, lungasetshenziswa ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelapha ingalo ephukile kuya ngohlobo lokuphuka. Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuphulukisa siye ngezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi ububi bokulimala; ezinye izimo, njengokushayeka kweswekile; ubudala bakho; ukudla; nokusetshenziswa kwetabha ne-alaki.
Ukuphuka kwamafu kuhlukaniswe kweyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphuka okuvulekile (okuhlanganisiwe). Ithambo eliphukile liwela esihlathini, isimo esinzima esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okunamandla ukuze kunciphise ingozi yokutheleleka.
- Ukuphuka okuvaliwe. Isikhumba sihlala singaphukile.
- Ukuphuka okuhlukanisiwe. Izingcezu zamafu ngakwesinye uhlangothi lokuphuka azilungile. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuze kuqondiswe kabusha izingcezu.
- Ukuphuka okuqhekekile. Ithambo liphukile libe yizingcezu, ngakho kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukuphuka kwe-Greenstick. Ithambo liqhekeka kepha aliphuki ngokuphelele — njengokwenzeka lapho ugoqa igoli eluhlaza lemithi. Iningi lamafu aphakeleyo kubantwana liyi-greenstick fractures ngoba amathambo abantwana abuthambile futhi abaguquguqukayo kunalawo abantu abadala.
Uma une-fracture ehlukanisiwe, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukuhambisa izingcezu emuva endaweni (ukunciphisa). Kuye ngobuningi bobuhlungu nokuvuvukala okukhonayo, ungase udinge umthambisi wemisipha, i-sedative noma ngisho ne-anesthetic ejwayelekile ngaphambi kwale nqubo.
Ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwethambo eliphukile, okudingayo i-splint, i-sling, i-brace noma i-cast, kubalulekile ekuphulukiseni. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-cast, udokotela wakho cishe uzolilindela kuze kube yilapho ukuvuvukala sekuyehla, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemva kokulimalala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, cishe uzogqoka i-splint.
Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuba ubuyele ukuthatha izithombe ze-X-ray ngenkathi yokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathambo awazange ahambisane.
Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba uthathe umunci wezinhlungu othengekayo. Uma ubuhlungu bakho bukhulu, ungase udinge imithi yokwelapha enenarcotic izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Imithi engapheli ye-anti-inflammatory ingasiza ngebuhlungu kepha ingase iphazamise ukuphulukisa amathambo, ikakhulukazi uma isebenziswa isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho uma ungawasebenzisa ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu.
Uma une-fracture evulekile, lapho une-wound noma ukuphuka esihlathini eduze nendawo yokulimala, cishe uzothola i-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungafinyelela emathanjeni.
Ukwelapha kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala. Ezimweni eziningi, kubalulekile, uma kungenzeka, ukuqala ukunyakaza okuthile ukuze kunciphise ubunzima engalweni yakho, isandla nehlombe ngenkathi ugqoka i-cast yakho noma i-sling.
Ukuhlinzwa kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ezinye izinhlobo zokuphuka. Uma ukuphuka akuphukanga isikhumba, udokotela wakho angase alinde ukuhlinzwa kuze kube yilapho ukuvuvukala sekuyehla. Ukugcina ingalo yakho ingahambi nokuphakamisa kuyoncipha ukuvuvukala.
Amadivayisi okuqinisa — njengezingcingo, iziplate, izikhonkwane noma izikrufu — angase adingeke ukuze agcine amathambo akho endaweni ngenkathi ephulukisa. Ukuphazamiseka kuyabambalwa, kepha kungafaka phakathi ukutheleleka nokuntuleka kokwelapha amathambo.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.