Ukuqala kweBronchiolitis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

IBronchiolitis ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu okuthinta izindlela ezincane kakhulu emaphaphwini omntwana wakho, okuthiwa yi-bronchioles. Lezi zikhwephu ezincane ziqhuma futhi zigcwele i-mucus, okwenza kube nzima ngomntwana wakho ukuphefumula ngokukhululekile.

Lesi simo sibathinta kakhulu abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2, ngezimo eziphezulu ezivela phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-6 ubudala. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyesabekayo njengomzali, abantwana abaningi bayaphila kahle ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okusekela nokuphumula okuningi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-bronchiolitis?

IBronchiolitis iqala njengesiqephu esivamile, bese kancane kancane ithinta ukuphefumula komntwana wakho izinsuku ezimbalwa. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kancane, okungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kwenzekani.

Nazi izimpawu zokuqala ongaziqaphela kuqala:

• Ikhala noma isifuba esivalekile
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-101°F)
• Ukuhlanza okuncane okungase kuzwakale komile ekuqaleni
• Ukuncipha kancane kokudla
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukucasuka

Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, izimpawu ezihlobene nokuphefumula zivame ukuvela. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izindlela ezincane ziqhuma kakhulu futhi zikhiqize i-mucus eyengeziwe.

Izimpawu zokuphefumula zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukusebenza kanzima ukuphefumula
• I-wheezing sound lapho uphefumula khona
• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo okungase kuzwakale kuyimanzi noma kugcwele i-mucus
• Ukukhuluphala kokudla noma ukungadli ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukuhoxa kwesifuba (isikhumba sidonsa eduze kwezibilini lapho siphefumula)

Abantwana abaningi baba nezimpawu ezincane kuya ezinkulu eziphulukayo phakathi nesonto kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanza kungase kuqhubeke amasonto ambalwa njengoba izindlela ziphulukile ngokuphelele.

Yini ebangela i-bronchiolitis?

IBronchiolitis ibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-viral okuqondene ngqo izindlela ezincane emaphaphwini omntwana wakho. Isibonelo esivame kakhulu yi-respiratory syncytial virus, noma i-RSV, ebangela cishe amaphesenti angu-70 ezimo.

Ama-virus amaningana angaqalisa i-bronchiolitis, nokuqonda lawo kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani abanye abantwana bayithola izikhathi eziningi:

• I-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - isizathu esivame kakhulu
• I-Human rhinovirus - i-virus efanayo ebangela izifo ezivamile
• I-Parainfluenza virus - ehlukile kwi-flu virus evamile
• I-Human metapneumovirus - ayivamile kodwa ifana ne-RSV
• I-Adenovirus - ingabangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu

Lezi zifo zisakazeka kalula ngezicubu zokuphefumula lapho abantu abathelelekile behlanza, bekhwehlela, noma bekhuluma. Umntwana wakho angathola futhi i-virus ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile bese ethinta ubuso bawo.

Isizathu sokuba amawele nabantwana abaneminyaka emibili bathinteke kakhulu ukuthi izindlela zabo zokuphefumula zincane kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Lapho ukuvuvukala ne-mucus kwenzeka, ngisho nokuqhuma okuncane kungathinta kakhulu ukuphefumula kwabo.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-bronchiolitis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezingane uma umntwana wakho eba nezinkinga zokuphefumula, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenamsebenzi ekuqaleni. Ukubhekwa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana wakho uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele nokubhekwa.

Shaya ucingo ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho ngesikhathi esivamile uma uqaphela:

• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kunokujwayelekile noma ukusebenza kanzima ukuphefumula
• Imisindo ye-wheezing lapho uphefumula
• Ukukhuluphala kokudla noma ukwenqaba ukudla
• Ukuvuvukala kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-3 ubudala
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi njengokuncane kwamaphepha amanzi

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma umntwana wakho ebonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezinkulu. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi umntwana wakho udinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni, ebusweni, noma ezinzipeni
• Ukukhuluphala okukhulu kokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula umoya
• Izikhathi ezinde zokuphefumula
• Ukuvilapha okukhulu noma ukukhuluphala ukuhlala uvukile
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu

Thembani izifiso zakho zokuba yisizwe. Uma kukhona okubonakala kungalungile noma ukhathazekile ngokuphefumula komntwana wakho, kuhlale kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-bronchiolitis?

Izici ezithile zenza abanye abantwana babe nethuba elikhulu lokuthola i-bronchiolitis noma babe nezimpawu ezinkulu. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sesizini ephakeme.

Izimbangela zengozi ezihlobene nobudala zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 ubudala, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-3
• Ukudalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-37)
• Ukuba nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa

Isimo sempilo esandisa ingozi sihlanganisa izici ezithinta umsebenzi wamaphaphu noma amandla omatasa wokulwa nezifo:

• Isifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• Umatasa wokulwa nezifo obuthakathaka
• Izifo ze-neuromuscular ezithinta ukuphefumula

Izici zemvelo nezempilo futhi zidlalela indima ezingeni lenani lomntwana wakho:

• Ukuvezwa ukubhema utshwala
• Ukuya ekhaya lokuhlala noma ukuba nabafowethu abadala
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikhuluphala
• Ukudalwa ngesikhathi sesizini ye-RSV (ukuwa kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo)
• Ukungabeki isisu

Nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha ezinye izimbangela zengozi njengokudalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, unganciphisa ukuvezwa ukubhema nokuqeqesha ukuhlanza izandla ukuze unciphise ingozi yomntwana wakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-bronchiolitis?

Abantwana abaningi bayaphila e-bronchiolitis ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo, kodwa abanye bangaba nezinkinga ezidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Ukuba uqaphele lezi zinto ezingaba khona kusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde.

Izinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu zivame ukuhlobene nezinkinga zokuphefumula nokudla:

• Ukushona amanzi ngenxa yokukhuluphala kokudla noma ukuphefumula
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial okubangelwa izindlebe noma amaphaphu
• Ukukhuluphala kokuphefumula okudingayo ukwelashwa esibhedlela
• Izikhathi ezifushane lapho ukuphefumula kuphela khona (apnea)

Abanye abantwana bangaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukulawuleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele:

• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo okuphela amasonto ambalwa
• Ukutholakala okukhulu kwe-wheezing ngezifo zokuphefumula zesikhathi esizayo
• Amathuba amancane okuba ne-asthma kamuva ebuntwaneni

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingaba khona, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasezingeni elikhulu lenani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okudingayo ukusekelwa okukhulu, futhi, ngokungavamile, izinkinga zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubhekwa nokukhathalela okufanele, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavinjelwa noma zilawulwe ngempumelelo. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizokuqapha eduze noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuba zimbi izimpawu.

IBronchiolitis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukuhlonza i-bronchiolitis ngokuhlalela izimpawu zomntwana wakho nokubahlola ngokucophelela. Ukuhlonishwa kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezimpawu zezokwelapha kunokuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Phakathi kokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wakho wezingane uzolalela amaphaphu omntwana wakho nge-stethoscope. Bazohlola imisindo ye-wheezing, bahlole izindlela zokuphefumula, futhi babuke izimpawu zokucindezeleka kokuphefumula.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole isimo somntwana wakho jikelele, kuhlanganise nesimo sokulahlekelwa amanzi, amazinga amandla, kanye nekhono lokudla. Lokhu kusiza ukuqondisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa ekhaya kufanele yini noma ukwelashwa esibhedlela kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa kodwa akuyona njalo okudingekayo ukuhlonishwa:

• I-Pulse oximetry ukuqondisa amazinga oksijini egazini
• I-Nasal swab ukuhlonza i-virus ethile ebangela ukutheleleka
• I-Chest X-ray uma i-pneumonia ikhona
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela uma ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial kuyinkinga

Ukuhlolwa kwe-viral ikakhulukazi kusiza ngokulawulwa kokutheleleka ezibhedlela noma ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana. Akushintshi indlela yokwelapha njengoba ukunakekelwa kwe-bronchiolitis kugxile ekusekeleni ukuphefumula komntwana wakho nokududuza kungakhathaliseki i-virus ethile ehilelekile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-bronchiolitis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchiolitis kugxile ekusekeleni ukuphefumula komntwana wakho nokubagcina bekhululekile ngesikhathi umzimba wabo ulwa nokutheleleka kwe-viral. Ayikho imithi ethile ye-antiviral ephulukisa i-bronchiolitis.

Imigomo ebalulekile yokwelashwa ihlanganisa ukugcina izindlela zokuphefumula zicacile, ukuqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa amanzi okwanele, nokubhekwa kokuphefumula. Abantwana abaningi bangakwazi ukunakekelwa ngokuphepha ekhaya ngalezi zinyathelo zokusekela.

Amasu okunakekelwa ekhaya angasiza umntwana wakho azizwe kangcono ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ye-cool-mist ukusiza ukuqeda i-mucus
• Ukupha amanzi amancane njalo
• Ukuhlanza isifuba ngobumnene nge-bulb syringe
• Ukugcina ikhanda lomntwana wakho liphezulu kancane ngesikhathi ephumula
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphumula okuningi endaweni ethulile

Ukwelashwa esibhedlela kungase kudingeke kubantwana abanezimo ezinkulu noma labo abasezingeni elikhulu lenani lezinhlanganisela. Ukunakekelwa esibhedlela kuvame ukubandakanya ukwelashwa ngokusiza, amanzi e-intravenous, nokubhekwa eduze kokuphefumula.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibonakale ziwusizo empeleni azinconywa nge-bronchiolitis. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics (njengoba kuyi-viral), imithi yokuhlanza kubantwana abaneminyaka emincane, kanye nemithi ye-bronchodilator njenge-albuterol ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuphulukisa kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezi-10 zezimpawu ezibuhlungu, nakuba ukuhlanza komntwana wakho kungase kuqhubeke amasonto ambalwa njengoba izindlela zabo zokuphefumula ziphulukile ngokuphelele.

Unganikeza kanjani ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-bronchiolitis?

Ukunakekela umntwana wakho nge-bronchiolitis ekhaya kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilula kodwa ezibalulekile ukumbamba ekhululekile nokusekela ukuphulukisa kwakhe. Ukugxila kwakho okukhulu kufanele kube ekusizeni ukuphefumula kalula nokugcina ukulahlekelwa amanzi.

Ukudala indawo ekhululekile kungasiza kakhulu ukuphefumula komntwana wakho. Sebenzisa i-humidifier ye-cool-mist ekamelweni labo ukwengeza umswakama emoyeni, okusisiza ukuncipha i-mucus nokwenza ukuphefumula kube khululekile.

Ukudla nokulahlekelwa amanzi kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi se-bronchiolitis njengoba izinkinga zokuphefumula zingenza ukudla kube nzima:

• Nika ukudla okuncane, okuningi njalo noma amabhodlela
• Beka isisu njalo njengoba umntwana wakho ezokuthatha
• Kubantwana abadala, zama ukunikeza amanzi amancane
• Hlanza isifuba ngobumnene ngaphambi kokudla ukusiza ukuphefumula
• Thatha ama-breaks ngesikhathi sokudla uma umntwana wakho ebonakala ekhathele

Ukunakekelwa kwesifuba kuba yinto ebalulekile njengoba amawele aphefumula ngezindlela zabo zezinhlungu. Sebenzisa ama-saline nose drops alandelelwa ukuhlanza ngobumnene nge-bulb syringe ukusiza ukuqeda i-mucus.

Ukuphatha ukuvuvukala nokukhuluphala ngokuphepha kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izilinganiso ezifanele zokuzalwa kwe-acetaminophen noma i-ibuteroli uma kunconywe udokotela wakho. Ungalokothi unike i-aspirin kubantwana ngenxa yengozi ye-Reye's syndrome.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphulukiseni, ngakho zama ukugcina indawo ethulile, ethulile. Umntwana wakho angase aphumule kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okuvamile futhi kuwusizo ekuphulukiseni.

IBronchiolitis ingavinjelwa kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-bronchiolitis, amasu amaningana anganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomntwana wakho yokutheleleka. Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanza iyisisekelo sokuvimbela.

Ukuhlanza izandla kuyithuluzi lakho elikhulu kakhulu lokuvimbela. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngesepha namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuphatha umntwana wakho, futhi khuthaza wonke umuntu endlini yakho ukuba enze okufanayo.

Ukuvikela umntwana wakho ekuvezweni kuhlanganisa ukwenza izinqumo eziqondisiwe ngokusebenzisana komphakathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesizini ephakeme:

• Limita ukuvezwa ezixukwini ngesikhathi sesizini ye-RSV (ukuwa kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo)
• Cela izivakashi ukuba zihlanze izandla ngaphambi kokubamba umntwana wakho
• Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abanezifo ezivamile
• Cabanga ngokulibazisa ukubhalisa ekhaya lokuhlala kubantwana abancinci kakhulu noma abasezingeni elikhulu lenani

Izinyathelo zokulondoloza imvelo zingasiza futhi ekuphuculeni ingozi:

• Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenawo utshwala
• Hlanza futhi uhlanze izinto njalo, ikakhulukazi amathoyizi nezikhwephu zezinyango
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinkomishi, izitsha, noma amathoyizi nabantwana abagulayo
• Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umoya omuhle ekhaya lakho

Kubantwana abasezingeni elikhulu lenani, udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi ekhethekile okuthiwa yi-palivizumab. Le njoloba yenyanga ngesikhathi sesizini ye-RSV ingasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo esinzima kubantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nalabo abanezimo ezithile zempilo.

Ukubekwa isisu kunikeza ama-antibodies emvelo angasiza ekuvikeleni umntwana wakho ezifweni zokuphefumula, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingabangela i-bronchiolitis.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kudokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu nesiqondiso sokunakekelwa komntwana wakho. Ukuba nemininingwane ekulungele kuvumela udokotela wakho wezingane ukuba enze ukulinganisa okuhle kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala izimpawu zomntwana wakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Faka imininingwane mayelana nezindlela zokuphefumula, izinkinga zokudla, ukuvuvukala, noma yikuphi ukushintsha ekuziphatheni noma emazingeni amandla.

Ulwazi olubalulekile okufanele ulethe luhlanganisa:

• Isikhathi lapho izimpawu zaqala khona nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Imithi yamanje noma izindlela zokwelapha ozizame
• Imininingwane mayelana nokudla, ukuphefumula, nama-diapers amanzi
• Ukuvezwa kwamuva kubantu abagulayo
• Umbhalo wezokwelapha womntwana wakho nezimo zempilo zamanje

Lungisa imibuzo ethile ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukubuza ngezimpawu zesixwayiso okufanele uzibheke, nini okufanele ubuye ucingo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa.

Phakathi kokuvakasha, ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile ukunakekela umntwana wakho ekhaya.

Buza ngezinhlelo zokulandelela, kuhlanganise nokuthi nini okufanele uhlele ukuvakasha kokubuyela emuva kanye nezimpawu ezifanele zikhuthaze ucingo oluphambili. Ukuba nenhlelo ecacile kusiza ekuphuculeni ukukhathazeka futhi kuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-bronchiolitis?

IBronchiolitis isimo esivamile futhi esilawuleka ngokuvamile esithinta ukuphefumula kwabantwana abancinci ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-viral ezindleleni ezincane zokuphefumula. Nakuba kungase kube ukukhathazeka ukubuka umntwana wakho elwa nezinkinga zokuphefumula, abantwana abaningi bayaphila kahle ngokunakekelwa okusekela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-bronchiolitis ngokuvamile iphulukana yodwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezi-10. Indima yakho njengomzali igxile ekugcineni umntwana wakho ekhululekile, ukuqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa amanzi okwanele, nokubuka noma yiziphi izimpawu zesixwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Thembani izifiso zakho njengomzali. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuphefumula komntwana wakho noma isimo jikelele, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso nokududuza.

Ngokunakekelwa nokubhekwa okufanele, abantwana abane-bronchiolitis bangaphila ngokuphelele futhi babuyele ekuphileni kwabo okuvamile, okusebenzayo. Isipiliyoni, nakuba sikhathazayo, ngokuvamile asibangi izinkinga zempilo ezihlala njalo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-bronchiolitis

I-bronchiolitis ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantwana abaningi bayaphila ezimpawu ezibuhlungu ze-bronchiolitis phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezi-10. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanza kungase kuqhubeke amasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 njengoba izindlela zokuphefumula ziqhubeka ziphulukile. Abanye abantwana bangase bahlanze ngezifo ezivamile izinyanga ezimbalwa, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umntwana wami angayithola yini i-bronchiolitis ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, abantwana bangayithola i-bronchiolitis izikhathi eziningi njengoba ama-virus ahlukene angayibangela, futhi ukulwa ne-virus eyodwa akukhuthazi ukulwa nabanye. Noma kunjalo, izikhathi eziphindaphindayo ngokuvamile ziyancipha kunokuqala, futhi ingozi incipha njengoba izindlela zokuphefumula zomntwana wakho zikhula ngokukhula.

Ingabe i-bronchiolitis iyadluliseka?

Ama-virus abangela i-bronchiolitis adluliseka kakhulu futhi asakazeka ngezicubu zokuphefumula nezinto ezingcolile. Umntwana wakho utholakala kakhulu izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala lapho enezimpawu ezifana ne-cold. Bangabuyela ekhaya lokuhlala uma bengenaso ukuvuvukala izinsuku ezingu-24 futhi bezizwa kahle.

Kufanele ngisebenzise i-nebulizer noma i-inhaler nge-bronchiolitis yomntwana wami?

Abantwana abaningi abane-bronchiolitis abazuzi emithini ye-bronchodilator njenge-albuterol, ngokungafani nabantwana abane-asthma. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma uma ukuzama kwalemi miti kungaba usizo, kodwa awunconywa njalo ezimweni ze-bronchiolitis evamile.

Nini ukuphefumula komntwana wami kuzobuyela ekujwayelekile?

Ukuphefumula ngokuvamile kuphulukana kancane kancane phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezi-10, ngokuthuthuka okubonakalayo okwenzeka ngokuvamile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala. Abanye abantwana bangase babe ne-wheezing encane noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo kuze kube amasonto angu-2. Uma izinkinga zokuphefumula ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwalesi sikhathi, xhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze uthole ukulinganisa.