Ukuthi yini i-Brucellosis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Iyini i-brucellosis?

I-Brucellosis ukutheleleka ngama-bacteria okusabalala ezilwaneni kuya kubantu ngokuthinta izilwane ezithintekile noma ngokudla imikhiqizo yobisi engcolile. Lesi simo, esibizwa nangokuthi i-undulant fever, sithinta izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye.

Ukutheleleka kuvela kuma-bacteria omndeni we-Brucella ahlala ezinkomeni, ezimbuzini, ezinzwaneni, ezingulwini, nezinjeni. Uma la ma-bacteria engeza emzimbeni wakho, angabangela uhlu olukhulu lwezimpawu ezingase zibe njengokugula okuqhubekayo. Nakuba i-brucellosis ingaba yingozi uma ingalashwa, iphendula kahle kuma-antibiotics uma itholakala ngokushesha.

Ungase uhlangane nale ntheleleko uma usebenza nezilwane, udla imikhiqizo yobisi engaphethwe, noma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-brucellosis?

Izimpawu ze-Brucellosis zivame ukuvela kancane kancane futhi zingase zibe njengokugula, okwenza ukutholakala kube nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela noma kuphi kusukela ngesonto elilodwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningi ngemuva kokubekwa kuma-bacteria.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane okuza futhi kuhambe, kuvame ukuba phezulu kusihlwa
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungaphuli nakuba ukhuluphuke
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, ikakhulukazi emhlane nasezinqeni
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezingaba namandla kakhulu
• Ukukhipha ukushisa ebusuku okunamisa izingubo zakho noma imbhede
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose
• Ubuhlungu besisu nokungahambi kahle okujwayelekile

Abanye abantu baphuthuma isikhumba, ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, noma isifo esikhulu. Iphethini yomkhuhlane ngokuvamile iyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ihlala iphakama futhi iwe ngamaza emasontweni noma izinyanga, ithola i-brucellosis igama elithi "undulant fever."

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kungathinta i-nervous system yakho, inhliziyo, noma amalunga okuzala. Lezi zinkinga zingase zibangele izimpawu ezinjengokudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma izinkinga zokuzala, kodwa azivamile uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-brucellosis?

I-Brucellosis ithuthukiswa uma ama-bacteria omndeni we-Brucella engeza emzimbeni wakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. La ma-bacteria ahlala ngokwemvelo ezilwaneni eziningi zefama futhi angaphila endaweni isikhathi eside.

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ongaqala ngazo i-brucellosis zifaka:

• Ukuphepha ubisi olungaphethwe noma ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi eyenziwe ngobisi olungaphethwe
• Ukudla inyama engaphekwe kahle ezilwaneni ezithintekile
• Ukuphefumula uthuli noma ama-aerosols ane-bacteria ezindlini noma ezindaweni zokubulala izilwane
• Ukuthola ama-bacteria ezilondeni noma ezilondeni zesikhumba
• Ukubamba izicubu zezilwane ezithintekile, igazi, noma izinto zokuzala

Ukuthintana ngokuqondile nezilwane ezithintekile kubangela ingozi enkulu. Odokotela bezilwane, abalimi, abasebenzi bezindlu zokubulala izilwane, nabazingeli bahlangabezana nokuvezwa okukhulu ngoba baphatha izilwane nemikhiqizo yezilwane njalo.

Ama-bacteria angasabalala futhi ngezigameko zelebhu, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu. Ukudluliselwa komuntu komunye cishe akwenzeki, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile kakhulu njengokufakelwa kwamalunga noma ukufakelwa kwegazi kubanikazi abathelelekile.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-brucellosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana nezokugula, ikakhulu uma usuke uhlangane nezilwane noma usebenzise imikhiqizo yobisi engaphethwe muva nje. Ukutholakala ngokushesha nokuphathwa kuvimbela izinkinga futhi kukusiza uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nomkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhathala okukhulu okungaphuli, noma ubuhlungu balunga obuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lezi zimpawu, kanye nokuvezwa okungenzeka ezilwaneni ezithintekile noma imikhiqizo engaphethwe, kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqeqeshwe.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinkulu ezinjengoninzi zikhanda, ukudideka, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni. Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingavamile, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo.

Uma usebenza nezilwane ngokusebenza noma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona, khuluma ngalolu lwazi nodokotela wakho. Lolu lwazi lubasiza bacabange nge-brucellosis njengimbangela engenzeka yezimpawu zakho futhi ba-ode amaviki afanele.

Ziyini izinto ezingaholela ekuthuthukiseni i-brucellosis?

Imisebenzi ethile nezici zokuphila zingandisa amathuba akho okuhlangabezana nama-bacteria e-brucellosis. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaholela ekuthuthukiseni i-brucellosis kukusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivikela.

Ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu uma ungena kulezi zigaba:

• Sebenza njengodokotela wezilwane, umlimi, noma umlimi
• Phatha izilwane ezindaweni zokubulala izilwane noma izindawo zokucubungula inyama
• Sebenza ezindaweni zokuhlola ezicubungula izibonelo zezilwane
• Zingele izilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi ingulube yasendle noma i-elk
• Dla imikhiqizo yobisi engaphethwe njalo
• Hleli noma uhambe ezindaweni lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona

Indawo yomhlaba iphinde idlale indima emazingeni akho engcupheni. I-Brucellosis ivela kakhulu ezingxenyeni zeMedithera, e-Central Asia, e-Eastern Europe, eMexico, nase-Central America. Uma uhamba kulezi zindawo, ungase uhlangane nama-bacteria kalula.

Abantu abanesistimu yokuvikela emzimbeni ebuthakathaka bahlangabezana nezingozi eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa i-brucellosis eqinile uma bevezwe. Lokhu kufaka abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela i-immune system, labo abanezifo ezingapheli, noma noma ubani othola ukwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-brucellosis?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-brucellosis bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukutheleleka ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho uma kungalashwa. Lezi zinkinga zithuthuka kakhulu uma ukutholakala kulibaziseka noma ukwelashwa kuphelelanga.

Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zingafaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga ne-arthritis, ikakhulukazi emhlane nasezinqeni
• Ukutheleleka kwe-heart valve, okungaba yingozi ekuphileni
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo nomgogodla obangela izimpawu ze-neurological
• Ukuhlala kakhulu kwesibindi nespleen okungenzeka kube nokwenziwa kwama-abscess
• Izinkinga zesimiso sokuzala, kufaka phakathi ukungabi nambewu
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okuhlala izinyanga noma iminyaka

Izinkinga zamalunga zimelela inkinga evamile kakhulu, ithonya abantu abangaphezu kwesithathu abane-brucellosis engalashwanga. Ama-bacteria akhetha ikakhulukazi umgogodla namalunga amakhulu, okungenzeka abangele ubuhlungu besikhathi eside nezinkinga zokunyakaza.

Ukutheleleka kwe-heart valve, nakuba kungavamile, kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo okuqine kakhulu ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngokufanayo, ukubandakanyeka kwengqondo kungabangela ukubamba, ukudideka, noma ezinye izinkinga ze-neurological ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kwama-antibiotics kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa lezi zinkinga. Abantu abaningi abamukela ukwelashwa okufanele, okufanele, bagwema izinkinga zesikhathi eside ngokuphelele.

I-brucellosis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-brucellosis kugxile ekuqedeni ukuthintana nama-bacteria ngezinyathelo ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo. Izindlela eziningi zokuvikela zigxile ekuphatheni ukudla ngokuphepha nezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela uma usebenza nezilwane.

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokulandela lezi zinkombandlela:

• Dla imikhiqizo yobisi ephuthwe kuphela futhi ugweme ubisi olungaphethwe
• Pheka inyama kahle, ikakhulukazi inyama yenkukhu nemidlalo yasendle
• Gqoka izihlangu zokuvikela uma uphatha izilwane noma imikhiqizo yezilwane
• Sebenzisa ama-mask nokukhuselwa kwamehlo ezindaweni ezinobuthuli zezilwane
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuthinta izilwane
• Gwema ukubamba amehlo akho, khala, noma umlomo uma usebenza nezilwane

Uma usebenza nezilwane zasendlini ngokusebenza, cabanga ngezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela ezinjengokugqoka izingubo zokuvikela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umoya omuhle ezindaweni zokuhlala zezilwane. Izinhlelo zokugcoba izilwane onakekela nazo zinganciphisa futhi ingozi yokubekwa.

Uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona, qaphela kakhulu ngokudla imikhiqizo yobisi yendawo. Namathela ekudleni okuphekwe kahle nemikhiqizo yobisi eyenziwe ngokuhweba evela emithonjeni ethembekile.

I-brucellosis itholwa kanjani?

Ukuthola i-brucellosis kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokubuka izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, namaviki athile. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngokubekwa kwakho ezilwaneni nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yobisi engaphethwe muva nje.

Inkqubo yokutholakala ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amaviki egazi abukela ama-antibodies esistimu yakho yokuvikela emzimbeni ewenza njengomphendulo kuma-bacteria e-Brucella. Lezi zivimbi ze-antibody zingatholwa kokubili ukutheleleka kwamuva nakwangaphambili, zisize udokotela wakho aqonde ukuthi ungase ubevezwe nini.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase a-ode ukukhula kwegazi, okuhlanganisa ukukhulisa ama-bacteria esampuli yakho yegazi kulebhu. Lo mviki uthatha isikhathi eside kodwa ungaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ama-bacteria e-Brucella futhi uthole ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotics azokusebenza kangcono.

Amaviki engeziwe angase afaka izibonelo ze-bone marrow noma ama-tissue biopsies uma udokotela wakho engabaza ukuthi ukutheleleka kusabalale ezithombeni ezithile. Lezi zivimbi ezicashile zidingeka kuphela ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma uma ezinye izivimbi zingabi nazimpendulo ezicacile.

Ukuphathwa kwe-brucellosis kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-Brucellosis kusekelwe kuma-antibiotics athathwe isikhathi eside ukuqeda ngokuphelele ama-bacteria emzimbeni wakho. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzoqoka ukuhlanganiswa kwama-antibiotics amabili ahlukene ukuvimbela ama-bacteria ukuthi angathuthuki.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-antibiotic avamile kakhulu kufaka:

• I-Doxycycline kanye ne-rifampin amasonto ayi-6
• I-Doxycycline kanye ne-streptomycin amasonto angu-2-3
• I-Doxycycline kanye ne-gentamicin amasonto angu-1-2

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kubalulekile ngoba ama-bacteria e-Brucella angafihla ngaphakathi kwamatha yakho, okwenza kube nzima kuma-antibiotics ukufinyelela. Ukuthatha inkambo ephelele yama-antibiotics, ngisho noma uzizwa ukhulu, kuvimbela ukutheleleka ukubuya.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukunakekelwa okusekayo ukuze akusize uphathe izimpawu zakho ngenkathi ama-antibiotics esebenza. Lokhu kungase kufaka izinciphisi zobuhlungu zokungahambi kahle kwamalunga, izinciphisi zomkhuhlane, nokuphumula okuningi ukuze kusize umzimba wakho uphulukise.

Uma uthuthukisa izinkinga ezithinta inhliziyo yakho, ingqondo, noma amalunga, ungase udinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile noma izinkambo ezinde zama-antibiotics. Abanye abantu badinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze bahlolwe ngokucophelela futhi bathole ama-antibiotics nge-intravenous.

Ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-brucellosis?

Ukuthuthukisa ukululama kwakho ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukuphumula okuningi, ukuhlala uthambile, nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lwama-antibiotics ngokunembile njengoba kunqunyiwe. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi namandla okuqala ukutheleleka ngenkathi imithi isebenza.

Gxilisa kulezi zindlela zokunakekela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho:

• Thatha wonke ama-antibiotics ngokunembile njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngisho noma uzizwa ukhulu
• Thola ubuthongo obengeziwe futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho ucubungule ukutheleleka
• Dla ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele i-immune system yakho
• Sebenzisa izinciphisi zobuhlungu zokuthengwa ngaphandle zokungahambi kahle kwamalunga njengoba kudingeka
• Hlola ubushushu bakho nezimpawu zakho nsuku zonke

Gcina ulandelela indlela ozizwa ngayo kuyo yonke inkambo yokwelashwa futhi ubhale noma yiziphi izimpawu ezimbi ku-dokotela wakho. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi yama-antibiotics, njengokuphazamiseka kwesisu noma ukusabela kwesikhumba ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

Gwema utshwala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njengoba kungaphambana nama-antibiotics amanye futhi kungenza imiphumela emibi ibe mibi. Futhi, vikele isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga uma uthatha i-doxycycline, engakwenza ube nomkhuhlane olukhulu.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho unawo wonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze athole futhi aphathe isimo sakho ngokuphumelelayo. Cabanga ngezinto zakho zamuva nanoma yikuphi ukuvezwa okungenzeka ezilwaneni noma imikhiqizo engaphethwe.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, bhala ngalezi zinto:

• Lapho izimpawu zakho zaqala futhi zishintshe kanjani
• Noma yikuphi ukuthintana kwamuva nezilwane zasendlini noma izilwane ezifuywayo
• Uma usebenzise ubisi olungaphethwe noma i-cheese engaphethwe
• Ukuhamba kwamuva ezindaweni lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona
• Umsebenzi wakho nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi ohlobene nezilwane
• Yonke imithi nezinye izinto ozithatha njengamanje

Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke, ngisho nalabo ababonakala bengenahlangene nokutheleleka. Faka imininingwane mayelana nemiqondo yomkhuhlane, izindawo zobuhlungu balunga, nendlela ukugula kuye kwathinta ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Bhala noma yimiphi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokutholakala, izinketho zokwelashwa, noma okulindelekile kokululama. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa izinto ezibalulekile ngesikhathi se-appointment yakho.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana ne-brucellosis?

I-Brucellosis ukutheleleka kwama-bacteria okwelashwa okusabalala ezilwaneni kuya kubantu ngokuthinta izilwane zasendlini ezithintekile noma imikhiqizo yobisi eyingcolile. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe zingezinhle futhi ziqhubeke, ukwelashwa okufanele kwama-antibiotics kuholela ekuphileni okuphelele ezimeni eziningi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala ngokushesha nokwelashwa kuvimbela izinkinga futhi kusheshisa ukululama kwakho. Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana nezokugula ngemuva kokubekwa ezilwaneni noma imikhiqizo engaphethwe, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho.

Ukuvikela kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa ne-brucellosis. Izinyathelo ezilula ezinjengokugwema imikhiqizo yobisi engaphethwe, ukugqoka imishini yokuvikela uma usebenza nezilwane, nokwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokunakekelwa kwakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ungalindela ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi yempilo yesikhathi eside. Ikhona ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuphelele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-brucellosis

Ingabe i-brucellosis ingasabalala komuntu komunye?

I-Brucellosis ayivamile ukusabalala phakathi kwabantu ngokuxhumana okujwayelekile. Ama-bacteria avame ukudluliselwa ezilwaneni kuya kubantu, hhayi komuntu komunye. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezingavamile kakhulu zokudluliselwa zenzeke ngokufakelwa kwamalunga, ukufakelwa kwegazi, noma ubuhlobo obuseduze nomlingani othintekile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ne-brucellosis?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bekhulu phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni okuqala ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotics, nakuba ukululama okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga eziningi. Inkambiso ephelele yokwelashwa ngokuvamile ihlala amasonto angu-6-8 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke ama-bacteria ayekile. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nokukhathala okushiyeka noma ukungahambi kahle kwamalunga izinyanga ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Ingabe i-brucellosis ifana ne-undulant fever?

Yebo, i-brucellosis ne-undulant fever zibhekisela esimweni esifanayo. Igama elithi "undulant fever" lichaza iphethini yomkhuhlane olukhulu oluphakama futhi oluwa emasontweni noma izinyanga. Le phethini yomkhuhlane ehlukile yayiyisibonakaliso esiqatshelwe sokuqala se-brucellosis futhi yanika lesi simo igama layo elinye.

Ungathola i-brucellosis ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezinjengezinja noma ama-cats?

Nakuba izinja zingaba nama-bacteria e-Brucella, ukudluliselwa kubantu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo akuvamile. Ingozi iphakeme ngezinja ezikhulelwe noma lezo ezisemakheleni lapho ama-bacteria angasabalala khona kalula. Ama-cats awavami ukuba nama-bacteria abangela i-brucellosis yabantu. Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezilwane ezifuywayo nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha kwezilwane kunciphisa noma iyiphi ingozi.

Ukuba ne-brucellosis kanye kukuvimbela ukuba uyithole futhi?

Ukuba ne-brucellosis akuqinisekisi ukuvikelwa okuphelele, futhi ukutheleleka kabusha kungenzeka. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abaqeda ukwelashwa kwabo kwama-antibiotics ngokuphumelelayo bathola izinga elithile lokuvikelwa emzimbeni elihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekutholakaleni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ingozi yokutheleleka kabusha iphansi uma uqhubeka nokwenza izinyathelo ezinhle zokuvikela.