Umgilamkhulu Ungubani? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umgilamkhulu uqala lapho amaseli omzimba wakho eqala ukukhula nokwahlukaniswa ngokungenamkhawulo, enza amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi ama-tumors noma ukusabalala egazini lakho. Cabanga ngamaseli akhohlwe indlela yokulandela imithetho ejwayelekile yokukhula nokulungisa egcina umzimba wakho uphilile.

Nakuba ukuzwa igama elithi "umgilamkhulu" kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Abantu abaningi abane-umgilamkhulu bayaqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enenjongo, futhi ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle.

Umgilamkhulu Ungubani?

Umgilamkhulu yiqembu leziguli lapho amaseli angajwayelekile azala khona ngaphandle kokulawulwa futhi angahlasela ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ngokuvamile, amaseli akho akhula, ahlukaniswa, futhi afe ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze agcine umzimba wakho usebenza kahle.

Lapho umgilamkhulu ukhula, le nqubo ehlelekile iphuka. Amaseli abonakele aphila lapho kufanele afe, futhi amaseli amasha enziwa lapho umzimba wakho ungawadingi. La maseli engeziwe angenza ama-tumors, okuyizicucu zethusi ezingaba yi-benign (ingewona umgilamkhulu) noma i-malignant (umgilamkhulu).

Ama-tumors e-Malignant angasabalala ezicucwini eziseduze noma ahlukane futhi ahambele ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ngegazi lakho noma uhlelo lwakho lwe-lymph. Le nqubo yokusabalala ibizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis, futhi yilokho okwenza umgilamkhulu ukhathazeke ngokukhethekile odokotela.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomugilamkhulu?

Izimpawu zomugilamkhulu zihlukahluka kakhulu kuye kokuthi umgilamkhulu uqala kuphi nokuthi usabalale kangakanani. Abanye abantu baphawula ukuguquka ngokushesha, kanti abanye abangase babe naziphi izimpawu kuze kube yizigaba kamuva.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezivamile ezingakukhuthaza ukuba ubone udokotela wakho:

• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki kwama-kilogram angu-4.5 noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuthuthumela okufika nokudlula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma obukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba njengokuqina, ukukhanya, noma ama-moles amasha
• Ukushintsha emikhweni yomathumbu noma yebladder okuqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Amaqhubu angapholi ngesikhathi esifanele
• Amabala amhlophe ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho noma olimini lwakho
• Ukuphuza noma ukukhishwa okungajwayelekile kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho
• Ukuqina noma amaqembu ongawaqaphela phansi kwesikhumba sakho
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli noma ukubhema
• Ukushintsha kwamuva kwe-wart noma i-mole

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nesimpawu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu akusikho ukuthi une-umgilamkhulu. Izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kungakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqaphela.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zomugilamkhulu?

Umgilamkhulu uthola igama lakhe ohlotsheni lweselula lapho uqala khona, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100. Udokotela wakho uzohlola umgilamkhulu ngokusekelwe kokuthi uqala kuphi emzimbeni wakho nohlobo lwamaseli ahilelekile.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ama-carcinomas, aqala esikhuneni noma ezicucwini ezihlanganisa izitho zakho. Ama-Sarcomas aqala emathanjeni, e-cartilage, e-fat, e-muscle, noma kwezinye izicubu ezihlanganisa. Ama-Leukemias aqala ezicucwini ezenza igazi njenge-bone marrow futhi enza inani elikhulu lamaseli egazi angajwayelekile ukungena egazini lakho.

Ama-Lymphomas aqala kumaseli akho ohlelo lwakho lokuphepha lwe-lymphocytes. Umgilamkhulu wohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi uqala ezicucwini zobuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho. Uhlobo ngalunye luphatha ngokuhlukile futhi ludinga izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile ezilungiselelwe indlela umgilamkhulu othile akhula futhi usabalala ngayo.

Yini Ebangela Umgilamkhulu?

Umgilamkhulu ukhula lapho i-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho yonakele noma ishintshile, okubangela amaseli ukukhula ngokungenamkhawulo. Lona umonakalo ungenzeka ngezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, futhi ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuxuba izinto ezisebenza ndawonye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izinto ezivamile ezingandisa ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala, njengoba umonakalo we-DNA ubuyeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ubhiya kunoma iyiphi indlela
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-alcohol
• Ukudluliselwa kwe-ultraviolet radiation elangeni noma e-tanning beds
• Ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezithile ze-kemikhali noma izinto emsebenzini noma ekhaya
• Ezinye izifo, amabhaktheriya, noma izinambuzane
• Umlando womndeni nokushintsha kwe-genetic okuzuzwe
• Ama-hormones, kokubili emvelo nakwenziwe
• Ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuvela ezahlukweni
• Ukudla okubi nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca
• Ukukhuluphala

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umgilamkhulu. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingozi abazutholi umgilamkhulu, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezingozi ezaziwayo bayazithola. Umgilamkhulu ngokuvamile uvela ekuxubeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-genetics, imvelo, nezinto zokuphila.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Mayelana Nokukhathazeka Ngokugilamkhulu?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubeka amasonto ambalwa noma ebonakala zingajwayelekile kuwe. Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona okuzwakala kuhlukile noma okukhathazayo.

Hlela i-appointment ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala okungapheli, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo, noma noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuxwayisa okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe noma uma zihambisana nesimo esingathí sina.

Ungalindi uma uthola i-lump entsha, uqaphela ukushintsha kuma-moles akhona, noma uhlangabezana nokuphuza okubonakala kungajwayelekile kuwe. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukubangela izinketho eziningi zokwelapha kanye nemiphumela emihle, ngakho-ke kuhlale kungcono ukuhlola nodokotela wakho ngokushesha kunokuba uhlale.

Ziyini Izinto Ezingozi Zomugilamkhulu?

Izinto ezingozi yizinto ezingandisa amathuba akho okuthola umgilamkhulu, kodwa azikukhapheli ukuthi uzomthola umugilamkhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho kanye nendlela yokuphila.

Ezinye izinto ezingozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa ubudala bakho, umlando womndeni, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-genetic. Abanye, njengokukhetha indlela yokuphila, bakulawulwa. Ubudala yinto enkulu kakhulu engaba yingozi, njengoba iningi lomgilamkhulu luvela kubantu abadala kuno-65 ngoba umonakalo we-DNA ubuyeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umlando womndeni ubalulekile ngoba ezinye izinguquko ze-genetic ezandisa ingozi yomugilamkhulu zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni. Noma kunjalo, cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela womugilamkhulu obangelwa ngokuqondile ukushintsha kwe-genetic okuzuzwe. Izinto zemvelo kanye nendlela yokuphila zidlalela indima enkulu kakhulu ezimweni eziningi zomugilamkhulu.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zomugilamkhulu?

Umgilamkhulu ungathinta umzimba wakho ngezindlela eziningi, kokubili esuka esigulini ngokwalo nakwelapheni. Ukuqonda izingozi ezingaba khona kukusiza wena neqembu lakho lokuphepha ukulungiselela nokuphatha kahle.

Umgilamkhulu ngokwawo ungabangela izingozi ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu obuvela kuma-tumors acindezela izinzwa, amathambo, noma izitho
• Ukukhathala okuthinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• Ukubhema okunzima uma umgilamkhulu uthinta amaphaphu akho
• Ukuphefumula okubangela ukwanda kwesifiso sakho sokudla nokudla
• I-diarrhea noma i-constipation ethinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya
• Izinkinga ze-neurological uma umgilamkhulu usabalala ebuchopho bakho
• Ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kohlelo lwakho lokuphepha

Izingozi ezihlobene nokwelashwa zingabandakanya imiphumela emibi evela e-chemotherapy, i-radiation, noma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukulahlekelwa izinwele okwesikhashana, ukuphefumula, ukwanda kengozi yokutheleleka, noma ukukhathala. Iqembu lakho lokuphepha lizohlala lisebenza nawe ukuze liphathe le miphumela futhi ligcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho phakathi nokwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi izingozi eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe ngempumelelo ngokunakekelwa komuntu siqu nokusekelwa.

Umgilamkhulu Ungavikeleka Kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela wonke umgilamkhulu, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo ezilwemi zokuphila. Umgilamkhulu omningi uxhumeke ezintweni ongaziqondisa, okukunika amandla okwenene okuvikela impilo yakho.

Nazi izindlela ezivunyiwe zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yomugilamkhulu:

• Ungasebenzisi utshaba kunoma iyiphi indlela
• Limita ukusetshenziswa kwe-alcohol
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla nokwenza umsebenzi womzimba
• Dla izithelo nemifino eningi
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba izinsuku eziningi zeviki
• Vikela isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga
• Thatha i-vaccine ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okubangela umgilamkhulu njenge-HPV ne-hepatitis B
• Landela imiyalo yokuhlola ecebile yobudala bakho kanye nezinga lokutholakala
• Gwema ukuziphatha okungaholela ekutholakaleni
• Yazi umlando womndeni wakho wezokwelapha

Izivivinyo zokuhlola eziqondile zingabamba umgilamkhulu ngokushesha lapho kulula khona ukwelapha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele kuwe ngokusekelwe ebudaleni bakho, umlando womndeni, kanye nezinto ezingozi zomuntu siqu.

Umgilamkhulu Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukutholakala komgilamkhulu ngokuvamile kubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi nezivivinyo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umgilamkhulu ukhona yini, uhlobo luni, nokuthi usabalale kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba ukuze abuke noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingajwayelekile.

Izivivinyo zokuhlola ezivamile zihlanganisa izivivinyo zegazi ukuze uhlole ababonisi bomgilamkhulu noma inani lamaseli angajwayelekile. Izivivinyo zokuthola izithombe ezifana ne-X-rays, i-CT scans, i-MRIs, noma i-PET scans zingasiza ukuthola ama-tumors nokubona ukuthi umgilamkhulu usabalale ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

I-biopsy ngokuvamile iyindlela eqinisekile kakhulu yokuhlola umgilamkhulu. Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela wakho ukhumula isampula encane yesicubu ukuze ayihlole ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli omgilamkhulu avela futhi kunquma uhlobo oluthile lomgilamkhulu olukhona.

Uma umgilamkhulu uqinisekiswe, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungakhomba isigaba, esichaza usayizi womugilamkhulu nokuthi usabalale kangakanani. Ukubala isigaba kusiza iqembu lakho lokuphepha ukucwengisela indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yini Ukwelashwa Komugilamkhulu?

Ukwelashwa komgilamkhulu kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu, kunikeza izinketho eziningi ezingalungiswa ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomgilamkhulu, isigaba, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzokwakhiwa ngokukhethekile kuwe, uthathe ekubaleni ukuthi yini okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba iphumelele ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelapha umgilamkhulu zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa ukususa ama-tumors, i-chemotherapy esebenzisa imithi yokubhubhisa amaseli omgilamkhulu, kanye ne-radiation therapy esebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli omgilamkhulu. Izindlela ezintsha zihlanganisa i-immunotherapy, esiza uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha ukulwa nomgilamkhulu, kanye ne-targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omgilamkhulu.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuxuba kokwelapha kunokuba kube yindlela eyodwa kuphela. I-oncologist yakho izosebenza neqembu lochwepheshe ukudala uhlelo lokwelapha olunikeza amathuba amahle okuphumelela ngenkathi uphatha imiphumela emibi. Izinhlelo zokwelapha zingalungiswa njengoba kudingeka ngokusekelwe endleleni obuyisayo.

Phakathi nokwelashwa, iqembu lakho lokuphepha lizoqapha intuthuko yakho futhi likusize ukuphatha noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi. Bazonikeza futhi ukunakekelwa okusekela ukukusiza ugcine amandla akho kanye nempilo yakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Phakathi Nokuwelashwa Komugilamkhulu?

Ukukhathalela wena phakathi nokwelashwa komgilamkhulu kubandakanya ukunaka izidingo zakho zomzimba nezomzwelo. Umzimba wakho usebenza kanzima ukuze uphulukise, ngakho-ke ukunikela ngokusekela okungcono kakhulu kungakusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelapha.

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okunomsoco lapho ungakwazi khona, ngisho noma isisindo sakho sokudla sishintsha. Hlala uthambile futhi zama ukuphumula ngokwanele, yize ungase udinga ukulala okuningi kunokujwayelekile. Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, kungakusiza ugcine amandla akho nomoya wakho.

Ungangabazi ukucela usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke noma ukusekelwa komzwelo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi kuwusizo ukukhuluma nabameluleki, ujoyine amaqembu okusekela, noma uxhumane nabanye abaye baba nezimo ezifanayo. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka nokugcina ubudlelwano nabathandekayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakho konke.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho kanye nemiphumela emibi ukuze uxoxe neqembu lakho lokuphepha. Bavame ukukunikeza imithi noma amasu okusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele Ululungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kudockotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yodokotela kungakusiza ukwenza kakhulu isikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ulwazi olukudingayo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo, kanye nanoma yimaphi amarekhodi ezokwelapha noma imiphumela yokuhlola efanele. Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, uqale ngezibaluleke kakhulu uma isikhathi siphela.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni elingakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukusekelwa komzwelo. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba achaze izinto ngezindlela ongaziqonda, futhi uthathe amanothi noma ubuze uma ungarekhoda ingxoxo ukuze uyihlole kamuva.

Yini Eyinhloko Mayelana Nomugilamkhulu?

Umgilamkhulu yiqembu elikhulu leziguli, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu futhi kuyaqhubeka nokwenyuka. Abantu abaningi abane-umgilamkhulu baphila impilo egcwele, enenjongo, futhi ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle.

Nakuba ukutholakala komgilamkhulu kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, awuwedwa kule nkambo. Iqembu lakho lokuphepha likhona ukukuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo, kusukela ekutholeni kuze kube yilokhu ukwelashwa nakwamanye. Gxila kulokho ongakulawula, njengokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ukugcina impilo yakho, nokukwakha uhlelo oluqinile lokusekela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nethemba nokugcina ulwazi mayelana nesimo sakho kungaba amathuluzi amandla enkambeni yakho yokwelapha. Thatha izinto usuku ngosuku, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna usizo uma ulikhona.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nomugilamkhulu

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kubangela umgilamkhulu?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungonakalisa uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha futhi kuholele ekuziphatheni okwandisa ingozi yomugilamkhulu, asikho ubufakazi obuqondile bokuthi ukucindezeleka ngokwalo kubangela umgilamkhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngamasu okuqondisa okuhle kuwusizo empilweni yakho yonke kanye nempilo yakho phakathi nanoma yiluphi usongo lwempilo.

Ingabe umgilamkhulu uhlale uvela e-genetic?

Cha, cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela womugilamkhulu obangelwa ukushintsha kwe-genetic okuzuzwe okudluliselwa emindenini. Iningi lomgilamkhulu liphuma ekushintsheni kwe-genetic okwenzeka phakathi nokuphila komuntu ngenxa yokuguga, izinto zemvelo, noma izinqumo zokuphila. Ngisho noma umgilamkhulu uqhubeka emndenini wakho, akusho ukuthi uzomthola ngokuqinisekile.

Ingabe ukudla kungavimbela umgilamkhulu?

Nakuba akukho ukudla olulodwa olungavimbela umgilamkhulu, ukudla ukudla okunempilo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, ama-grains aphelele, kanye namaprotheni ahlanzekile kunganciphisa ingozi yakho. Ukulinganisela inyama eyenziwe, i-alcohol eningi, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kubalulekile futhi. Ukudla kusebenza kangcono njengengxenye yendlela yokuphila enempilo kunokuba kube yindlela yokuvimbela ngokwayo.

Ingabe wonke ama-tumors ayimigilamkhulu?

Cha, akuwona wonke ama-tumors ayimigilamkhulu. Ama-tumors e-Benign ayizikhulu ezingelona umgilamkhulu ezingasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, yize zingase zisabangela izinkinga uma zikhula kakhulu noma zicindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile. Ama-tumors e-Malignant kuphela athathwa njengomugilamkhulu ngoba angahlasela izicubu eziseduze futhi asabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ukwelashwa komgilamkhulu kuvame ukuphela nini?

Ubude bokuwelashwa komgilamkhulu buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye kohlobo lomgilamkhulu, isigaba, indlela yokwelapha, kanye nendlela obuyisayo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziphela amasonto ambalwa, kanti ezinye zingase ziqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka. I-oncologist yakho izokunikeza umbono omuhle wesikhathi sakho sokwelashwa esilindelekile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nehlolo lokwelapha.