Iyini iCarcinoid Tumor? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-carcinoid tumor uhlobo lwesifo somdlavuza olukhula kancane oluvela kumaseli e-neuroendocrine, ayingamaseli akhethekile asebenza njengamaseli ezinzwa namaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukubonakala ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla noma emaphashini, nakuba zingakhula kunoma iyiphi indawo emzimbeni wakho.

Cabanga ngamaseli e-neuroendocrine njengesimiso somyalezo womzimba wakho. Asiza ekulawuleni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngokukhulula ama-hormone uma kudingeka. Uma la maseli eba yisifo somdlavuza, angaqhubeka ekhiqiza ama-hormone, kodwa ngezinani ezingavamile, okutholakala izimpawu ezihlukile ezingavamile ukubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zezifo zomdlavuza.

Iningi le-carcinoid tumors likhula kancane kakhulu futhi lingase lingabangeli zimpawu iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngisho nangemva kokuxilongwa ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokulandelela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-carcinoid tumors?

Izimpawu ze-carcinoid tumor zingaba nzima ngoba abantu abaningi abanawo noma yimiphi impawu, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okuqala. Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuncika lapho i-tumor itholakala khona nokuthi ikhipha ama-hormone amaningi egazini lakho.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa ukweluka okungapheli, ukubamba esiswini, nokubomvu kobuso nentamo okuza futhi kuhambe. Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nokuvuvukala noma ubunzima bokuqeda, ikakhulu uma i-tumor isemaphashini abo.

Nawa ama-symptom angakhula uma i-carcinoid tumors ikhipha ama-hormone amaningi:

• Ukubomvu okungazelelwe noma ukubomvu kobuso, intamo, nesifuba okungase kuqhubeke imizuzu eminingana
• Ukweluka okunamanzi okuvela njalo usuku lonke
• Ukubamba esiswini nobuhlungu obuza futhi buhambe
• Ukuvuvukala noma izinkinga zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "ukusabela okubi kwe-carcinoid," okungavamile kodwa okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-tumor ikhipha ngokuzumayo ama-hormone amaningi, okubangela ukubopha okukhulu, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuyingozi, nobunzima bokuqeda umoya. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezinzima, funa ukunakekelwa kwengculazi ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi, futhi ukuziba akusho ukuthi une-tumor ye-carcinoid. Noma kunjalo, uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingaphuli ngezindlela ezivamile zokwelapha, kufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Imikhakha ye-carcinoid tumors yini?

I-carcinoid tumors ihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho zikhula khona emzimbeni wakho, futhi le ndawo ivame ukunquma ukuthi ziphatha kanjani nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha esebenza kangcono. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo sesimo sakho esithile.

Izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu yi-gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) carcinoid tumors, ezikhula ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-tumors esiswini sakho, esibindini esincane, isipele, ikholoni, i-rectum, ne-pancreas. I-carcinoids yesibindini esincane iyona evamile futhi inezinga elikhulu lokubhebhetheka ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba wakho.

I-Lung carcinoids, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-bronchial carcinoids, ikhula ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula. Lezi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-carcinoids evamile, ekhula kancane futhi ingavamile ukubhebhetheka, ne-atypical carcinoids, ekhula ngokushesha futhi inezinga elikhulu lokubhebhetheka.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zingakhula ezihlokweni eziningi zomzimba:

• I-Thymic carcinoids, ekhiqizwa yi-thymus gland esifubeni sakho
• I-Ovarian carcinoids kwabesifazane
• I-Testicular carcinoids kumadoda
• I-Skin carcinoids, engavamile kakhulu
• I-Kidney carcinoids, engavamile kakhulu

Uhlobo ngalunye lunamfanelo yalo kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carcinoids ye-appendix ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kokususa i-appendix futhi ayivame ukusabalala, kuyilapho i-carcinoids yesisu esincane inenkambo enkulu yokusabalala kepha isakhula kancane uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-cancers.

Yini ebangela i-carcinoid tumors?

Imbangela eqondile ye-carcinoid tumors ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zithuthukela lapho amaseli e-neuroendocrine ehlushwa izinguquko ze-genetic ezibenza bakhule futhi bahlukanise ngokungenakulawuleka. Lezi zinguquko ze-genetic zingahle zenzeke ngokungahleliwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile.

Ngokungafani namanye ama-cancers, i-carcinoid tumors ayibonakali ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezici zesitayela sokuphila njengokubhema, ukudla, noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Izigameko eziningi zibonakala zihleli nje, yize izimo ezithile ze-genetic zingandisa ingozi yakho.

Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni zingenza i-carcinoid tumors kube lula ukuthuthukisa:

• I-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia uhlobo 1 (MEN1), ethinta amagxathu akhiqiza ama-hormone
• I-Neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1, ebangela ukukhula kwama-tumors esicutshini sezinzwa
• I-Von Hippel-Lindau disease, ewandisa ingozi yezinhlanga ezahlukene zama-tumors
• I-Tuberous sclerosis complex, engabangela ama-tumors angalimi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba

Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-carcinoid tumors noma izimo ezihlobene ze-neuroendocrine kungase kukhulise kancane ingozi yakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abane-carcinoid tumors abanamlando womndeni wesifo.

Kuyaduduza ukwazi ukuthi njengoba izimbangela zingahlotshaniswa nokukhetha kwesitayela sokuphila, ukuba ne-carcinoid tumor akusho ukuthi wenza into engafanele noma ngabe ubuye uyivikele ngokukhetha okuhlukile.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-carcinoid tumors?

Kufanele ucabangele ukubona udokotela wakho uma uhlushwa izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingaphuli ngokwelashwa okuvamile, ikakhulukazi uma zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Njengoba izimpawu zomdlavuza we-carcinoid zingaba zimbi futhi zithuthuke kancane kancane, kulula ukuzincipha ekuqaleni.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uqaphela ukuphindaphinda kwezimo zokubhebhetheka kobuso kanye nokukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zimpawu zenzeka ndawonye njalo. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi, ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kufanele kuhlolwe, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa okungaphezu kokuthengwa esitolo kungasizi.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa yilokhu:

• Ukubhebhetheka okukhulu, okungazelelwe okuhambisana nobunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukukhungatheka
• Ukukhuluphala okuqhubekayo okuholela ekusweleni kwamanzi noma ekwehleni okukhulu kwesisindo
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma izinkinga zokuphefumula eziyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ubuhlungu esiswini obukhulu noma obungaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngezimpawu eziningi

Uma unomlando womndeni wezifo ze-neuroendocrine noma izimo ze-genetic ezihlobene, khuluma lokhu nodokotela wakho ngisho noma ungenawo izimpawu. Bangase bancoma ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindayo noma ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic ukusiza ekuqondeni ingozi yakho.

Khumbula ukuthi izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ngakho-ke zama ukungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga yini ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo futhi akuqondise nganoma yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngendlela yokusekela.

Iyini imikhakha yezingozi yezifo ze-carcinoid?

Izifo ze-carcinoid zingathuthuka kunoma ubani, kodwa izici ezithile zingakhuphula kancane amathuba akho okuba nazo. Ukuqonda le mikhakha yezingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nemikhakha yezingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza we-carcinoid ngokuqinisekile.

Ubudala bubonakala buyimbangela enkulu kakhulu yezingozi, kanti iningi lezimila ze-carcinoid zitholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengu-70. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimila zingase zivele kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kuhlanganise nezingane nabantu abadala abasebancane, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Izinto eziningi zingathinta amazinga akho engozi:

• Ubulili: Abafazi banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwezimila ze-carcinoid kunabesilisa
• Uhlanga: Abantu base-Afrika abamnyama banezinga eliphezulu lokubhebhethwa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu ezizwe
• Umlando womndeni wezimila ze-neuroendocrine noma izifo ezihlobene ne-genetic
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezifuywe njenge-MEN1 syndrome
• Umlando wangaphambili wezinye izifo ze-cancer, ikakhulukazi isisu noma i-colon cancer
• Izimo ezingapheli ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwa-acid yesisu

Ezinye izifo ezimbalwa ze-genetic zanda kakhulu ingozi, kodwa lezi zithinta abantu abambalwa kakhulu. Uma unesisu eliaziwayo le-genetic elihlobene nezimila ze-neuroendocrine, udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma ukuqapha okuqhubekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi iningi labantu abatholwe benesifo se-carcinoid tumors abanawo ama-risk factors acacile. Izimila zivame ukuvela ngokungahleliwe, okusho ukuthi akufanele uzilahle noma ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuvikela uma ungenawo ama-risk factors angalawuleki.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zezimila ze-carcinoid?

Nakuba izimila eziningi ze-carcinoid zikhula kancane futhi zihlale zilawuleka iminyaka eminingi, ezinye izinhlanganisela zingase zivele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqapha izinguquko nokuxazulula izinkinga ekuqaleni lapho ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kakhulu yi-carcinoid syndrome, eyenzeka lapho izimila zikhulula ama-hormones amaningi egazini lakho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho isimila sisakazeka e-liver yakho noma lapho i-lung carcinoids ikhulula ama-hormones ngokuqondile ekujikelezeni kwegazi.

I-carcinoid syndrome ingabangela izinhlanganisela eziningi ezinzima:

• Isifo senhliziyo esivela kuma-carcinoid, lapho ama-hormone amaningi elimaza i-valve zenhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukhukhula olukhulu oluholela ekusweleni kwamanzi nasekuntweni kokudla
• Ukuqhuma kwe-carcinoid, okuyimbangela engavamile kodwa eyingozi impilo, ukukhishwa kwama-hormone ngokuzumayo
• Ubunzima bokuthinta emoyeni obuvela ekuqinisweni kwe-bronchospasm noma ukushintsha kokusebenza kwemiphunga
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo okuthinta ikhwalithi yempilo

Njengamanye ama-cancer, ama-carcinoid tumors ngezinye izikhathi angasakazeka (ukusabalala) kwamanye amalungu, ikakhulukazi e-liver, ama-lymph nodes, amathambo, noma imiphunga. Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma kusabalala, lezi tumors zivame ukukhula kancane, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Abanye abantu bangaba nokuvimbela kwamathumbu uma ama-carcinoid intestinal ekhula amakhulu ngokwanele ukuvimba ukugaya ukudla okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngama-carcinoid amncane emithunzini futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenta okuyisikhungo.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi izinhlupheko eziningi zalezi zingavinjelwa noma ziphathwe kahle ngokwelashwa kwamanje. Ukulandelela njalo kusiza ukubamba izinkinga ekuqaleni, futhi imithi ingalawula izimpawu ezihlobene nama-hormone ezimweni eziningi.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela ama-carcinoid tumors?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela ebonakalayo yokuvimbela ama-carcinoid tumors njengoba avame ukukhula ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-genetic okungahleliwe kunokuba izici zokuphila. Lokhu kungaba nzima, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi akufanele uzilahle uma uthola olunye.

Njengoba ama-carcinoid tumors amaningi angaxhunyaniswanga nokudla, ukubhema, utshwala, noma ezinye izinqumo zokuphila, amasu avamile okuvimbela i-cancer awasebenzi lapha. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina impilo enhle ngokujima rhoqo, ukudla okulinganisekile, nokunakekelwa kwempilo okujwayelekile kusekela ikhono eliphambili lomzimba wakho lokuthola nokubhekana nezinguquko zempilo.

Uma unesisindo esaziwayo se-genetic esandisa ingozi ye-carcinoid tumor, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile. Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba uthole:

• Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ukuthola iziphumu ngokushesha
• Ukulandelela amazinga e-hormone egazini lakho
• Izifundo ze-imaging ezijwayelekile zezindawo ezingozi
• Ukuhlolwa komndeni uma unezimo eziwela ezizukulwaneni

Kubantu abavamile, indlela engcono kakhulu iwukubaqaphele izimpawu ezingase zivele futhi uhlale uya kubadokotela. Ukuthola isifo ngokushesha kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle, ngisho noma ukuvimbela kungekho.

Gxilisa kubona ongakulawula: ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle nodokotela wakho, uhlale unolwazi ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zomzimba wakho, bese ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lapho kukhona okuhluke ngokuqhubekayo.

I-carcinoid tumor ibonakala kanjani?

Ukuthola i-carcinoid tumor kuvame ukudinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukene ngoba izimpawu zingaba zimbi futhi zifane nezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe yezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, okulandelelwa yi-physical examination.

Inqubo yokuxilonga iqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi neminye imithombo ukuhlola amazinga aphezulu ezinto eziveliswa yi-carcinoid tumor. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-serotonin, i-chromogranin A, ne-5-HIAA (umkhiqizo wokwahlukaniswa kwe-serotonin obonakala emanzini).

Udokotela wakho angase anikeze izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwemiklamo yeziphumu njenge-chromogranin A namazinga e-serotonin
• Ukuqoqwa kwamathoni angu-24 ukuze kupimwe amazinga e-5-HIAA
• I-CT scans noma i-MRI ukuthola iziphumu nokuhlola ukusabalala
• I-imaging ekhethekile njenge-octreotide scans ethola amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-hormone
• Izindlela ze-endoscopy zokuhlola ngokuqondile isistim yakho yokugaya ukudla
• I-Biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokunquma izici zeziphumu

Esinye sezici ezihlukile zokuxilongwa kwezinkinga ze-carcinoid yi-octreotide scan, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Lovivinyo olukhulu lwezokwelapha olusebenzisa amandla enyukliya lungathola izinkinga ze-carcinoid emzimbeni wakho wonke ngoba lezi zinkinga zine-receptor ezihlanganisa ne-radioactive substance eyiyiswayo.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ingathatha amasonto ambalwa njengoba udokotela wakho eqoqa ulwazi ezivivinyweni ezahlukene. Lesi sikhathi sokulinda singakwenza uzizwe ukhathazekile, kodwa khumbula ukuthi izinkinga ze-carcinoid zivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho-ke ukuthatha isikhathi sokuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane ngokwengeziwe kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuphikelela.

Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ze-carcinoid zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukuthwebula izithombe zezinye izimo, okungaba yinto enhle ngoba ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukusho ukuthi kunezinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono.

Iyini impilo yokwelapha izinkinga ze-carcinoid?

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-carcinoid kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa indawo yomdlavuza, usayizi, ukuthi usakazeke yini, nokuthi ubangela izimpawu yini. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo, futhi abantu abaningi abanezinkinga ze-carcinoid baphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokuphathwa okuhle.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo uma umdlavuza ukhona endaweni ethile futhi ungasuswa ngokuphelele. Ngomdlavuza omncane ongahlangananga, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaphilisa isimo ngokuphelele. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungekho, ukuhlinzwa kunganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu futhi kunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha lungabandakanya izindlela eziningi ezisebenza ndawonye:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza oyinhloko nanoma yiziphi izindawo ezithintekile ezifinyeleleka
• I-Somatostatin analogs (njenge-octreotide) ukulawula izimpawu ezihlobene ne-hormone
• Imithi yokwelapha ehloselwe ukulwa nezinhlanzi ze-carcinoid
• Izinhlangothi zokwelapha eziqondiswe e-liver ngezinkinga ezisakazeke e-liver
• I-Chemotherapy, nakuba lokhu kusetshenziswa kancane ngezinkinga ze-carcinoid
• I-Radiation therapy ezimweni ezithile

Izinhlobo ezihambisanayo ze-somatostatin kufanele zikhunjulwe ngokukhethekile ngoba zivame ukuba nempumelelo kakhulu ekulawuleni ukubhebhetheka, ukukhuluphala, nezinye izimpawu ezivela ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwamahomoni. Lezi zidakamizwa zingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho ngisho noma zinganciphisi i-tumor.

Kubantu abanesigxobo esisakazeke e-liver, ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengokuthi i-hepatic artery embolization noma i-radiofrequency ablation kungasebenza ngokuqondile e-liver metastases ngenkathi kulondolozwa inyama ye-liver enempilo.

Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezijoliswe njenge-everolimus ne-sunitinib zibonise ithemba ekuphishekeleni izigxobo ze-carcinoid eziqalile ngokuphazamisa izibonakaliso ezisiza izigxobo ukukhula nokwasakazeka.

Indlela yokuphatha izigxobo ze-carcinoid ekhaya?

Ukuphatha izigxobo ze-carcinoid ekhaya kugxila ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho, nokusekela impilo yakho yonke ngenkathi usebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukulungiswa okulula kokuphila kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni abazizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Uma uhlushwa izimpawu ze-carcinoid syndrome, izici ezithile zingenza ukubhebhetheka nezinye izimpawu zibe zimbi. Izici ezivamile zihlanganisa ukudla okunoshukela, utshwala, amachizi asebekhulile, nezimo ezinomsindo. Ukugcina idayari yezimpawu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izici zakho siqu.

Nawa amasu abantu abaningi abawatholayo awusizo ekulawuleni izimpawu:

• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile ukuze unciphise izimpawu zokugaya ukudla
• Hlala unamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma unokukhuluphala
• Gwema ukudla okudume kakhulu okwenza ukubhebhetheka noma izimpawu zokugaya ukudla kube zimbi
• Sebenzisa amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka njengokuzivocavoca okuthambile noma ukucamngca
• Thatha imithi ephakanyisiwe njalo, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle
• Qapha izimpawu zakho bese uxhumana nezinguquko neqembu lakho lezokwelapha

Ukusekela ukudla kubalulekile uma unehudo oluvamile, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukushoda kwezinto eziphilayo nezimaminerali. Udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukusebenzisa izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi ama-B vitamins, i-vitamin D, namaminerali afana nemagnesium nepotassium.

Ukuphatha ukukhathala kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhathalela ekhaya. Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, okuvamile njengokuhamba kungasiza ekuqondiseni amazinga wakho kwamandla nokuthuthukiswa kwempilo yonke, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma kudingeka.

Hlala uxhumene nabangane nomndeni, njengoba ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile ekuqondiseni noma yiliphi isimo esingapheli. Cabanga ngokujoyina amaqembu okusekela abantu abane-neuroendocrine tumors uma kutholakala endaweni yakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi unikeze iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ulwazi olulidinga ukuze likusize ngokuphumelelayo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathazeka nge-aphoyintimenti.

Qala ngokubhala phansi wonke amazinga akho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi aqale nini, ukuthi avele kangaki, nokuthi yini ebonakala iwabangela. Yiba ocacile ngesikhathi nobunzima, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho kangcono.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ukuletha nawe:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwawo wonke amaphilisi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo
• Idayari yakho yezimpawu ngezinsuku, izinto ezibangela, kanye nokulinganisa kobunzima
• Umbukiso womlando wezokwelapha womndeni, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukukhula komdlavuza noma izimo ze-genetic
• Imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili, izifundo zokufanekisa, noma amarekhodi ezempilo
• Ulwazi lwe-inshorensi nama-paperwork okudluliselwa uma kudingeka
• Uhlu zemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza

Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili ukuze ungayikhohlwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Imibuzo ebalulekile ingafaka ukubuza ngohlobo lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza we-carcinoid, izinketho zokwelashwa, imiphumela emibi engenzeka, nokuthi yini okulindelekile kuqhubeke.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe umngane noma ilungu lomndeni omethembayo ekuhlengeni. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluxoxwe futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi uma uthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa noma uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuhlangana, lokho kuyinto evamile. Zilungiselele ngokwengqondo ngokukhumbula ukuthi iziphumo ze-carcinoid zivame ukukhula kancane futhi zilawuleka, nokuthi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lilapho ukuze likusekele kulolu hlelo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana neziphumo ze-carcinoid?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde mayelana neziphumo ze-carcinoid ukuthi nakuba ukwamukela leli bango kungase kuzwakale kukucindezela, lezi ziphumo zivame ukukhula kancane futhi zilawuleka kakhulu ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi abaneziphumo ze-carcinoid baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okufanele kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Ngisho nalapho iziphumo ze-carcinoid zisasazwe, kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okulawula izimpawu nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka, okuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba bagcine ikhwalithi yempilo yabo.

Ukuqala ukusebenzisana ngamandla neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo, uhlale unolwazi ngesimo sakho, futhi ube ngumuntu ophambili ekuphatheni izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kweziphumo ze-carcinoid kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo ngisho neminyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi ucwaningo luqhubeka lubeka izinketho ezintsha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-carcinoid ayikukubeki noma ukulinganiselwe yilokho ongakukwazi ukufeza. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekela kwakho, abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi bangaqhubeka besebenza, behamba, futhi bajabulele ubuhlobo babo nezinto abazithandayo njengoba nje babenza ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.

Hlala unethemba futhi ugxile kulokho ongakulawula: ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ukugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, nokunakekela impilo yakho yonke nokuphuza kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana neziphumo ze-carcinoid

Ingabe iziphumo ze-carcinoid zihlale zinobuhlungu?

Yebo, iziphumu ze-carcinoid ngokwenzaqikazi uhlobo lwe-kansa, kodwa zihamba ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu kunamanye ama-kansa amaningi. Ngokuvamile zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi zivame ukuhlala ziqine iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga ezinzima. Izimpuphu eziningi ze-carcinoid zihamba kancane kangangokuba zingase zingalokothi zibangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zilawulwa kahle.

Ingabe iziphumu ze-carcinoid zingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Uma iziphumu ze-carcinoid zincinyane futhi azizange zisakazeke ngaphandle kwendawo yazo yokuqala, ukususa ngokusebenza ngezinye izikhathi kungaziphelisa ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungekho, abantu abaningi baphila isikhathi eside sokuphila ngokwelashwa okuhle. Ukukhula kancane kwalezi ziphumu kusho ukuthi ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kuvame ukuvumela abantu ukuthi bagcine ikhwalithi yempilo yabo iminyaka eminingi.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukushintsha ukudla kwami uma ngine-carcinoid tumor?

Ungase udinga ukugwema ukudla okuthile okubangela uma uthola i-carcinoid syndrome, kodwa abantu abaningi abaneziphumu ze-carcinoid abadingi ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu zokudla. Izinto ezivame ukubangela zihlanganisa utshwala, ukudla okunoshukela, nama-cheese asebekhulile, kodwa izinto ezibangela zihlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingakusiza ukuthi uthole noma yikuphi ukudla okwenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi futhi likunikeze ezinye izindlela.

Ngamakhaphi ngizodinga ukuya emakonsathi okuhlola nokuhlolwa?

Izinhlelo zokulandelela zihluka kuye ngesimo sakho esithile, kodwa abantu abaningi badinga ukuya emakonsathi njalo ngenyanga ezingu-3-6 ekuqaleni, kanti ubukhulu bungase bube luncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma isiphumu sihlala siqine. Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze uqaphele izimpawu zeziphumu kanye nezifundo zokwenza izithombe ukuze uhlole izinguquko. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokuqapha oluqondene nezici zesiphumu sakho nokuthi uyaphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Ingabe iziphumu ze-carcinoid zingadluliselwa emindenini?

Iningi lama-carcinoid tumors livela ngokungahleliwe futhi alidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, kodwa izifo ezithile ezingavamile ze-genetic zingandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa lezi zifo. Uma unomlando womndeni wama-carcinoid tumors noma izimo ezihlobene njenge-MEN1 syndrome, ukwelulekwa nge-genetic kungaba usizo. Noma kunjalo, iningi labantu abanalezi zifo ze-carcinoid tumors abanamlando womndeni wesimo.