Ukuthi yini iCarcinoma of Unknown Primary? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) iwumdlavuza osemuhlele ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba wakho, kodwa odokotela abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yaqala kuphi. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthola izingcezu ze-puzzle ezichithakile ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi umfanekiso wokuqala wawubukeka kanjani.

Lokhu kubalwa cishe ku-3-5% yazo zonke izimo zokuxilongwa komdlavuza. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, abantu abaningi abane-CUP bayaphendula kahle ekwelapheni. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linezindlela ezikhethekile zokusiza, ngisho noma umthombo wokuqala ungacaci.

Iyini icarcinoma of unknown primary?

I-Carcinoma of unknown primary kwenzeka lapho amaseli omdlavuza etholakala kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezingxenye zomzimba wakho, kodwa odokotela bengakwazi ukuthola i-tumor yokuqala lapho umdlavuza waqala khona. Umdlavuza usevele u-metastasized, okusho ukuthi uhamba kusuka ekuqaleni kwawo waya kwezinye izindawo.

Umkhafa wakho uqukethe ama-trillion amaseli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza ungaqala ukhulu kangaka noma endaweni efihliwe kangangokuthi awubonakali. I-tumor yokuqala ingase ibe ncane kakhulu ukuba ibonakale kuma-scan, noma ingase iphele ngemuva kokuba umdlavuza usemuhlele.

Naphezu kokungazi indawo yokuqala, odokotela bavame ukukwazi ukuthola ukuthi uhlobo luni lwezicubu amaseli omdlavuza avela kulo. Ulwazi luqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha futhi lunikeze iqembu lakho lezokwelapha izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthi ungasiza kanjani kangcono.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Izimpawu ozibonayo ziyahluka ngokuphelele kuye kokuthi umdlavuza usemuhlele kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Njengoba i-CUP ingabonakala ezihlabathini ezahlukene, izimpawu ziyahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu abantu abazibonayo:

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki emasontweni noma ezinyangeni eziningi
• Ama-lumps noma ama-lymph nodes avuvukile ongazwela phansi kwesikhumba sakho
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emathanjeni, emuva, noma esiswini
• Ukuphefumula okufushane noma ukukhokha okuqhubekayo
• Ukushintsha emikhwenyoni yesisu noma yomchamo
• Ukuphefumula noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla okuphephela izinsuku ezimbalwa

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezithile ezihlobene nendawo lapho umdlavuza uhlale khona. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza uthinta isibindi sakho, ungase uqaphele ukukhanya kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, eziningi zazo zingumdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, uma ubhekene nezibonakaliso eziningi zalezi ndawo ndawonye noma ziqhubeka amasonto amaningi, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-CUP ngokusekelwe ekutheni amaseli omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo futhi atholakala kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kakhulu.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Adenocarcinoma: Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, la maseli avame ukuvela ezihlabathini ezifana ne-lung, ubele, i-prostate, noma isistimu yokugaya ukudla
• Squamous cell carcinoma: Ngokuvamile iqala ekhanda, entanyeni, emaphaphini, noma ezihlabathini ezinezicubu ezilinganayo
• Poorly differentiated carcinoma: Amaseli omdlavuza angafani kahle nanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluthile lwesihlathi
• Neuroendocrine carcinoma: Ivela kumaseli enza ama-hormones, avame ukutholakala esiswini noma emaphaphini

Udokotela wakho uzobheka futhi lapho umdlavuza usemuhlele. Izindawo ezivamile zifaka ama-lymph nodes, isibindi, amaphaphu, amathambo, noma ukugqoka kwesisu sakho. Ulwazi lusiza ukudala uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha oluqondene nawe.

Uluhlobo ngalunye luyaphendula ngokuhlukile ekwelapheni, kungakho ukubona izici ezithile zamaseli akho omdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Imbangela eqondile ye-CUP ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa ithuthukiswa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza - ngokushintsha kwe-DNA yaseli yakho okubenza bakhule futhi basakaze ngokungaphatheki.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekwenzeni lokhu:

• I-tumor yokuqala ingase ibe ncane kangangokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuthola izithombe obukhona manje abukwazi ukuyithola
• Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ingase iphumelele ekubhubhiseni i-tumor yokuqala ngemuva kokuba amaseli omdlavuza esevele esakaze
• I-tumor yokuqala ingase itholakale endaweni enzima ukufinyelela kuyo emzimbeni wakho
• Abanye umdlavuza ngokwemvelo uqala ukusakaza ngaphambi kokukhula okukhulu endaweni yabo yokuqala

Njengamanye ama-cancers, i-CUP iba nethuba elikhulu njengoba ukhula, yize ingase ibonakale kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Ukubhekana nezinto ezithile, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okukhulu, kanye nezinye izifo ze-viral kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho yonke yomdlavuza.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi awenzanga lutho ukubangela lokhu. Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza kuhilela ukusebenzisana okukhulu phakathi kwe-genetics, imvelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukushintsha okungahleliwe kweselula okwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kufanele ubona nini udokotela ngenxa yokungabaza i-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nokushintsha emzimbeni wakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubhekene nalokhu:

• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki kwamapounds angu-10 noma ngaphezulu
• Ama-lumps noma ukukhula okuqhubeka kukhula
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuqhubekayo obuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya okunzima
• Igazi ekukhokhweni, emathunjini, noma emchameni
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungaphuli ngokuphumula

Ungalindi uma izimpawu eziningi zivele ndawonye noma uma kukhona okubonakala "kungalungile" mayelana nempilo yakho. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kuhlala kusebenza ngokwakho, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho oyinhloko angahlola izimpawu zakho futhi akuqondise kubachwepheshe uma kudingeka. Khumbula, izimpawu eziningi zinezichazelo ezingumdlavuza, kodwa kuhlala kungcono ukuhlola futhi uthole ukuthula kwengqondo.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwe-CUP, yize ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza ngokuqinisekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo eziqondene nempilo yakho.

Izici ezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaningi abaxilongwe nge-CUP baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60, yize ingase ibonakale kunoma yimuphi ubudala
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izimpahla zotshwala kukhuphula ingozi kakhulu
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okukhulu: Ukuphaphama okukhulu iminyaka eminingi kukhuphula ingozi yakho
• Ezinye izifo ze-viral: I-HPV, i-hepatitis B ne-C, ne-Epstein-Barr virus zingase zifake isandla
• Ukubhekana nemisebenzi: Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nezinto ezithile noma i-asbestos
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezine-cancer kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho kancane

Ezinye izici ezingozi ezingavamile zifaka ukubhekana nelanga isikhathi eside, izimo ezithile ze-genetic, nokuba nesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka ngenxa yemithi noma ezinye izimo zempilo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezi zici ezingozi abazitholi umdlavuza, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezingozi ebonakalayo bayazithola. Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela izici eziningi ezihlangene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-carcinoma of unknown primary?

I-CUP ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezahlukene kuye kokuthi umdlavuza usemuhlele kuphi nokuthi umzimba wakho uyaphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukubuka izimpawu zokuqala futhi nilungise izinkinga ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-organ: Umdlavuza ezihlabathini ezibalulekile ezifana ne-liver, amaphaphu, noma ama-kidneys ungathinta umsebenzi wabo ojwayelekile
• Izinkinga zama-bone: Umdlavuza emathanjeni ungabangela ubuhlungu, ukweqa, noma amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini lakho
• Ukubunjwa kwe-fluid: Umdlavuza ungabangela ukubunjwa kwe-fluid emaphaphwini akho, esiswini, noma eduze nenhliziyo yakho
• Ukubopha kwesisu noma komchamo: Ama-tumors angaphazanyiswa umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokugaya ukudla noma womchamo
• Ama-blood clots: Umdlavuza uyakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthola ama-clots ezinzwini zakho noma emaphaphwini

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nokwelashwa zingase zifake ukukhathala, ukuphefumula, ukwanda kengozi yokutheleleka, noma ezinye izingozi ezivela e-chemotherapy noma e-radiation. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha eduze futhi linezindlela zokuphatha lezi zinkinga.

Nakuba izinhlanganisela zingaba nzima, eziningi ziyaphatheka noma zingavikeleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosisebenza nawe ukunciphisa ingozi futhi ligcine ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila phakathi nokwelashwa.

I-carcinoma of unknown primary ibonakala kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-CUP kuhilela umsebenzi omningi wokucwaninga yiqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Bazosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuningi nokucwaninga ukuthola amaseli omdlavuza futhi banqume izici zawo, ngisho noma umthombo wokuqala uhlala ufihliwe.

Uhambo lwakho lokuxilongwa luhlanganisa ngokuvamile:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uhlola ama-lumps, ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, nezinye izimpawu
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kubheka ama-tumor markers futhi kuhlola impilo yakho yonke
• Ama-imaging scans: I-CT, i-MRI, ama-PET scans asisiza ukuthola umdlavuza futhi siqonde ukusakazeka kwawo
• Biopsy: Isibonelo esincane sesicubu sihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kwamaseli omdlavuza kunikeza izinkomba zokwelapha

I-biopsy ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ithi udokotela wakho uhlobo luni lwamaseli omdlavuza onalo. Ubuchwepheshe belebhu obuthuthukile ngezinye izikhathi bungase buveze ukuthi umdlavuza uqale kuphi, ngisho noma ukuthola izithombe kungakwazi ukuthola i-tumor yokuqala.

Le nqubo ingase ithathe amasonto amaningana, okungase kuzwakale kukukhathaza. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukudala uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Ukwelashwa kwe-CUP kugxile ekulawuleni umdlavuza kulo lonke umzimba wakho usebenzisa izindlela ezisebenza ngokumelene nohlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza onalo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lidala uhlelo oluqondene nawe ngokusekelwe ezicini zomdlavuza wakho nempilo yakho yonke.

Izinketho zakho zokwelapha zingase zifake:

• Chemotherapy: Imithi ehlasela amaseli omdlavuza kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Targeted therapy: Imithi eklanywe ukuhlasela izici ezithile zamaseli akho omdlavuza
• Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ukulwa nomdlavuza ngokuphumelelayo
• Radiation therapy: Ama-beams aphezulu amandla agxile ezindaweni ezithile lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususa ama-tumors afinyeleleka noma ukunciphisa izimpawu

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlangene, njenge-chemotherapy elandelwa yi-radiation noma imithi eminingi esebenza ndawonye. I-oncologist yakho izochaza ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okuthile kunconywe esimweni sakho.

Ama-treatment plans angashintshwa ngokusekelwe endleleni obuyaphendula ngayo nakuyo yonke imiphumela oyibonayo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha liqapha intuthuko yakho eduze futhi lishintshe ukunakekelwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka ukukunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Ungaphatha kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nemiphumela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwakho konke. Izindlela ezilula zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ugcine amandla akho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokusekela inhlalakahle yakho:

• Ukudla: Dlala ukudla okuncane, okuvamile futhi ugxile ekudleni okuthakazelisayo kuwe
• Ukugcwala: Phuza amanzi amaningi ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma ngenye indlela
• Ukupumula: Linganisa umsebenzi ngokulala okwanele nezikhathi zokuphumula
• Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile: Ukuhamba okukhanyayo noma ukwelula njengoba uzizwa ukwazi
• Ukubhekwa kwezimpawu: Gcina amanothi mayelana nobuhlungu, ukuphefumula, noma ezinye izinkinga

Ngezimpawu ezithile, iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingakunikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe. Imithi yokulwa nokuphefumula, amasu okuphatha ubuhlungu, nezinye izindlela zokusekela zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lakho lokuphumula.

Ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha uma izimpawu ziyanda noma kuthuthukiswa izinkinga ezintsha. Banolwazi lokusiza abantu ukuphatha lezi zinselele futhi bafuna ukukusekela phakathi nokwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani iziqu zakho zokubona udokotela?

Ukulungiselela iziqu zakho kusiza ukwenza okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuba uhleliwe kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olubalulekile alukhohlwe.

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngasinye, cabanga ukwenza okulandelayo:

• Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
• Bala yonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathatha
• Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okulindelekile
• Letha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukusekela nokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi
• Butha amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, nezifundo zokuthola izithombe

Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lilindele futhi liyamukela ukumangalelwa kwakho ngesimo sakho nokwelashwa. Ukuqonda ukunakekelwa kwakho kusiza uzizwe ulawula kakhulu futhi uqiniseke ngezinqumo zakho.

Cabanga ukubuza ngezikhathi zokwelashwa, imiphumela engaba khona, ukushintsha kwesitayela sempilo, kanye nezinto zokusekela ezengeziwe. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukubambisana nawe ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-carcinoma of unknown primary?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-CUP ukuthi ukungazi umsuka oqondile womdlavuza wakho akuphazamisi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi olukhulu lokwelapha lesi simo nezindlela eziningi ezikhethekile ezitholakalayo.

Imithi yanamuhla inikeza izinketho eziningi zokwelapha ezingalawula i-CUP futhi zisize ukugcina ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Abantu abaningi abanesimo sokutholakala bayaphila impilo egcwele, enenjongo ngenkathi beqondisa isimo sabo.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule nqubo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, abangane, namaqembu okusekela bonke bakhona ukuze bakusize ukuqondisa le nselele. Gxila ekuthatheni izinto usuku ngosuku futhi ugubhe izinqoba ezincane endleleni.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-carcinoma of unknown primary

Q1: Ingabe i-carcinoma of unknown primary ihlala iphela?

Cha, i-CUP ayihlali iphela. Nakuba kubhekwa njengomdlavuza ophambili, abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-CUP ziyaphendula kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imiphumela. Ukubikezelwa kwakho kuyahluka ngezici eziningi kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomdlavuza, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi uyaphendula kangcono kanjani ekwelapheni.

Q2: Ingabe odokotela bazokuthola ekugcineni ukuthi umdlavuza wami waqala kuphi?

Ngezinye izikhathi indawo yokuqala ibonakala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa noma ukulandelela, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ihlala ingaziwa kulo lonke uhambo lokunakekelwa. Lokhu akuphazamisi ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kokwelashwa kwakho. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ligxila ekwelapheni amaseli omdlavuza angawabona kunokuchitha isikhathi sicinga indawo yokuqala.

Q3: Ingabe i-carcinoma of unknown primary ingavikeleka?

Njengoba izimbangela eziqondile zingaziwa ngokuphelele, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-CUP. Noma kunjalo, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yonke yomdlavuza ngokugwema utshwala, ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba, nokulandela imiyalo yokuhlola ecebiswayo yezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Q4: Ukwelashwa kwe-CUP kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sihluka kakhulu kuye esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi uyaphendula kangcono kanjani ekwelapheni. Abanye abantu bathola ukwelashwa izinyanga ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi. I-oncologist yakho izoxoxa ngesikhathi esilindelekile sohlelo lwakho lokwelapha oluthile futhi ilulungise ngokusekelwe entuthukweni yakho.

Q5: Kufanele ngithole umbono wesibili mayelana nokuxilongwa kwami kwe-CUP?

Ukuthola umbono wesibili kuhlala kuqondakala futhi kuvame ukunconywa ngokuxilongwa okunzima njenge-CUP. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-insurance zihlanganisa imibono yesibili, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lamanje kufanele lisekela lesi sinqumo. Umbono omusha ungase unikeze izinketho ezengeziwe zokwelapha noma uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.