Ukuqonda i-Cataracts: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Cataracts kwenzeka lapho i-lens yemvelo emehlweni akho iba yimfucuza, okwenza ukubona kwakho kube buthakathaka noma kube mnyama. Cabanga ngakho njengokubuka ngefasitela elithambileyo eliba mnyama kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi simo esivamile kakhulu sithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi izindaba ezinhle ukuthi silashwa kakhulu ngemithi yanamuhla.

Iyini i-Cataracts?

I-Cataract ukufiphaza kwe-lens yemvelo yamehlo akho, ehlala ngemuva kwengxenye elimele ehlombe lakho (i-iris). I-lens yakho ngokuvamile icace kakhulu futhi ikusiza ukugxila ukukhanya ngemuva kwamehlo akho ukuze ubone kahle.

Lapho amaprotheni e-lens eqala ukuhlangana ndawonye, adala izindawo ezimfucuza ezivala noma ezisakaza ukukhanya. Lokhu kwenza ukubona kwakho kube buthakathaka futhi kungabangela ukukhanya okukhulu noma ama-halos azungeze izibani.

I-Cataracts eningi ithuthuka kancane ngezinyanga noma iminyaka. Ungase ungaqapheli izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho ekuqaleni, kodwa njengoba i-cataract ikhula, iba yinto eqaphelekayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Cataracts?

Izimpawu ze-Cataract ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane, futhi ungase ungaqapheli ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuguquka ekuqaleni. Nazi izibonakaliso eziningi zabantu ezibhekene nazo njengoba i-cataracts ithuthuka:

• Ukubona okubuhlungu noma okumnyama okuya kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuncipha kokukhanya nokuqhakaza
• Ukubona ama-halos azungeze izibani, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Imibala ebonakala ifiphile noma iluhlaza okwesundu
• Ukubona okubi ebusuku noma ubunzima bokuqhuba ebumnyameni
• Ukubona kabili emehlweni
• Ukushintsha njalo kwe-prescription yamagalasi akho
• Ukudinga ukukhanya okukhulu ukuze ufunde noma usebenze eduze

Lezi zimpawu zingenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima, kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-cataracts ithuthuka kancane. Uzobe unesikhathi sokulungiselela ukwelashwa uma usulungile.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Cataracts?

I-Cataracts ihlelwa ngokusekelwe lapho zikhiqizwa khona e-lens yakho. Uhlobo ngalunye luthinta ukubona kwakho ngezindlela ezihlukene kancane.

I-Nuclear cataracts ikhiqizwa ebukhoneni be-lens futhi yilona uhlobo oluvamile oluhlobene nobudala. Zivame ukubangela ukubona okuqonde phambili ekuqaleni, futhi ungase ubona kangcono eduze kwesikhathi.

I-Cortical cataracts iqala emakhasini e-lens futhi isebenza ngendlela eya ebukhoneni. Zidala ama-opacity afana ne-wedge angabangela ukukhanya okukhulu nezingqinamba ngokuphambene.

I-Posterior subcapsular cataracts ithuthuka ngemuva kwe-lens. Lezi zivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kunamanye ama-type futhi zingathinta kakhulu ukubona kwakho kokufunda nokubona ekukhanyeni okukhulu.

I-Congenital cataracts ikhona ekuzalweni noma ithuthuka ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Nakuba ingavamile, idinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ukuvimbela izinkinga zokubona ngezikhathi zokuthuthuka ezibalulekile.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-Cataracts?

I-Cataracts eningi ithuthuka njengengxenye yemvelo yokuguga, kodwa izinto eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekwakheni kwazo. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yamehlo akho.

Ubudala yiyona imbangela evamile kakhulu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, amaprotheni e-lens yakho aqala ukuwohloka futhi ahlangane ndawonye ngokwemvelo. Ngonyaka wama-60, abantu abaningi banesilinganiso esithile sokukhula kwe-cataract.

Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• I-Diabetes, engabangela i-cataracts ukuthi ithuthuke ngokushesha
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-corticosteroid isikhathi eside
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuvuvukala kwangaphambili
• Ukukhanya okukhulu kwe-UV iminyaka eminingi
• Ukubhema, okwanda kabili ingozi yakho
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu
• Ukuphindwa kwegazi eliphakeme

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zifaka ukukhanya okukhulu, izifo ezithile ze-genetic, nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambili. Abanye abantwana bazalwa be-cataracts ngenxa yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma izimo ze-genetic.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-Cataracts?

Kufanele uhlele ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Ukutholakala kwangaphambili kusiza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukulandelela ukuthuthuka nokucwangcisa isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezinguquko eziqhakazayo zokubona, ukukhanya okukhulu okwenza ukuqhuba kube yingozi, noma uma i-cataracts iphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi uma unesikhathi sobunzima ekufundeni, ukubukeni i-TV, noma ukwenzeni imisebenzi oyithandayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-60, ngisho noma ungaqapheli izimpawu. Udokotela wakho angathola i-cataracts ngaphambi kokuthi ithonye kakhulu ukubona kwakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuthola i-Cataracts?

Nakuba ukuthuthuka komuntu yiyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, ezinye izinto zingase zikhulise amathuba okuthola i-cataracts. Ezinye zalezi ungazilawula, kanti ezinye awukwazi.

Izinto ongenakuzishintsha zifaka:

• Ubudala (ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-40)
• Umlando womndeni we-cataracts
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Izifo ezithile ze-genetic
• Ukuba owesifazane (abesifazane banezingozi eziphakeme kancane)

Izinto ongazithonya zifaka:

• Ukubhema (ukuyeka kunciphisa ingozi)
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu
• I-Diabetes engalawulwa
• Ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwamehlo
• Ukudla okubi okungenayo ama-antioxidants
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile isikhathi eside

Ukuba nezinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuthola i-cataracts akusho ukuthi uzoyithola ngokuqinisekile, kodwa ukwazi kusiza ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulandelela impilo yamehlo akho eduze.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-Cataracts?

Uma ingalashwa, i-cataracts ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, nakuba izinkinga ezinzima zingavamile ngokunakekelwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Inkinga evamile kakhulu ukubona okuya kubi okuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Lokhu kwenza ukuqhuba kube yingozi, kukhulise ingozi yokuwa, futhi kunciphisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Izinkinga ezinzima kodwa ezingavamile zifaka:

• Ukwehluleka kokubona ngokuphelele emehlweni athintekayo
• Ukuphindwa kwezingcindezi zamehlo (i-glaucoma) ezimweni ezingavamile
• Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwamehlo
• Ubunzima bokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile ukuhlola ezinye izimo

Kungenzeka kakhulu, i-cataract engalashwanga ingabangela i-lens ukuba yome futhi ivinde ukopha kwamanzi, okubangela ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwamehlo okuhlungu. Kungakho ukulandelela okuvamile kubaluleke kangaka.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuphumelela kakhulu, futhi izinkinga eziningi zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa ngesikhathi.

I-Cataracts ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-cataracts ehlobene nobudala, ungenza izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa ingozi yakho nokunciphisa ukuthuthuka kwazo. Lezi zindlela ezempilo zizuzisa impilo yakho yonke yamehlo.

Vikela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni kwe-UV ngokugqoka ama-sunglasses avikelayo ku-100% ye-UVA ne-UVB. I-hat enama-brim amakhulu inikeza isivikelo eyengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga.

Gcina impilo yakho yonke ilungile ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukungabhemi noma ukuyeka uma ubhema njengamanje
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukuphatha i-diabetes nokuphindwa kwegazi eliphakeme
• Ukudla ukudla okunama-antioxidants amaningi (izithelo nemifino)
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amavithamini C ne-E, kanye nokudla okunama-lutein ne-zeaxanthin amaningi (njenge-leafy greens), kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthuka kwe-cataract. Noma kunjalo, izithasiselo azibuzisiwe ukuvimbela i-cataracts.

I-Cataracts ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-cataracts kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele okungenaphimbo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuhlola ukubona kwakho nokucwaninga i-lens yamehlo akho.

Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kokubona, lapho uzofunda khona izincwadi ezivela ekhasini lokubona. Udokotela wakho uzohlola futhi ukubona kwakho eceleni nokucwaninga ukuthi ubona kangcono kangakanani ezingeni ezihlukene.

Ukuhlola i-lens yakho ngokuqondile, udokotela wakho uzokhanyisa abafundi bakho ngama-eye drops. Lokhu kwenza ukubona kwakho kube buthakathaka futhi kube nokukhanya okukhulu, kodwa kuvumela ukubona okucacile kwe-lens yakho nemuva kwamehlo akho.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungafaka ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho nokusebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ukuthola izithombe eziningi ze-lens yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuqonda uhlobo, indawo, nobunzima be-cataracts yakho.

Ukuhlolwa konke ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe ihora elilodwa, futhi uzodinga umuntu okukhipha ekhaya ngenxa yama-dilating drops.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Cataracts kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Cataract kuncike ekutheni lesi simo sithinta kangakanani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ezingeni lokuqala, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulandelela nokubuyekeza i-prescription yamagalasi akho.

Izindlela ezingenzi ukuhlinzwa zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ezincane:

• Amagalasi noma ama-contact lenses aqinile
• Ama-anti-glare coatings kumagalasi
• Ukukhanya okukhulu kokufunda nokusebenza eduze
• Ama-magnifying lenses emisebenzini emininingi
• Ama-sunglasses ukunciphisa ukukhanya okukhulu ngaphandle

Ukuhlinzwa kuba ukwelashwa okusikisela uma i-cataracts iphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma ikhwalithi yempilo. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kungenye yezindlela ezivamile neziphumelelayo emithini.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, i-lens yakho emnyama isuswa futhi ithathelwe indawo yi-lens yemvelo ecacile ebizwa nge-intraocular lens (IOL). Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engu-15-20 futhi yenziwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract yanamuhla kunesilinganiso sokuphumelela esingaphezu kuka-95%, futhi abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuboneni kwabo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emaviki.

Indlela yokuphatha i-Cataracts ekhaya?

Ngesikhathi ulinde ukuhlinzwa noma ulawula i-cataracts yokuqala, izindlela eziningi zasekhaya zingakusiza ukubona kangcono nokugcina ukhulu. Lezi zindlela ngeke zilaphe i-cataracts kodwa zingathuthukisa induduzo yakho yansuku zonke nomsebenzi.

Thuthukisa ukukhanya kwakho ngokusebenzisa ama-bulbs akhanya kakhulu nokufaka izibani ukuze unciphise izithunzi. Ama-reading lamps ne-under-cabinet lighting angenza imisebenzi emininingi ibe lula.

Nciphise ukukhanya okukhulu ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukusebenzisa ama-blinds noma ama-curtains ukulawula ukukhanya kwemvelo
• Ukugqoka i-hat enama-brim ngaphandle
• Ukukhetha ama-matte finishes ngaphezu kwama-glossy surfaces
• Ukusebenzisa ama-anti-glare screen protectors kumadivayisi

Yenza ikhaya lakho libe yindawo ephephile ngokususa izinto ezingase zikwenze ukhubeke, ufake ama-handrails ezitebhini, futhi usebenzise imibala ehluke ukuze uqaphele imingcele nezitebhini. Ama-night lights angakusiza ukuhamba ngokuphephile ekukhanyeni okuncane.

Cabanga ngezinto zokukhulisa ukufunda, futhi ungangabazi ukucela usizo emisebenzini ebe nzima. Lezi zinguquko zingakusiza ukugcina ukuzimela kwakho ngenkathi ulawula i-cataracts.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yamehlo kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba anikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukulungiselela kancane kuhamba ibanga elide.

Bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi lapho uqale ukuqaphela izinguquko nokuthi zithinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Yiba ocacile ngezinkinga zokuqhuba, ukufunda, noma ezinye imisebenzi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwe:

• Yonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Noma yimaphi ama-eye drops noma izithasiselo
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi i-diabetes noma ukulimala kwamehlo
• Umlando womndeni wezinkinga zamehlo
• Amagalasi akho noma ama-contacts amanje

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezindlela zokwelashwa, isikhathi sokuhlinzwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - udokotela wakho ufuna uzizwe ulwemi futhi ukhululekile.

Lungiselela ukuthutha ekhaya, njengoba abafundi bakho cishe bazoba khanyisiwe. Letha ama-sunglasses ukuze usize ngokukhanya okukhulu ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-Cataracts?

I-Cataracts yisimo esivamile kakhulu, esilashwa esithinta abantu abaningi njengoba bekhula. Nakuba izinguquko ezihamba kancane zokubona zingase zibe ukukhathazeka, izindlela zokwelashwa zanamuhla ziphumelela kakhulu futhi ziphephile.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awudingi ukuhlala nokubona okubi. Uma i-cataracts iqala ukuhlupha imisebenzi oyithandayo noma oyidingayo, izindlela ezinhle zokwelashwa ziyatholakala.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kusiza ekutholeni i-cataracts ngokushesha nokulandelela ukuthuthuka kwazo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angakusiza unqume isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho zomuntu siqu nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokwelashwa ngesikhathi, abantu abaningi abane-cataracts bangalindela ukubuyela ekuboneni okucacile, okududuzayo nokuqhubeka bejabulela imisebenzi abayithandayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-Cataracts

UMbuzo 1: Ingabe i-Cataracts ihlungu?

Cha, i-cataracts ngokwayo ayihlungu. Ithuthuka kancane futhi ngokuvamile ayibangeli lutho oluhlungu noma ubuhlungu emehlweni akho. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihilela ukubona, njengokuthi ukubona okubuhlungu noma ukukhanya okukhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu bamehlo kanye nezinguquko zokubona, lokhu kungase kubonise enye isimo edinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha.

UMbuzo 2: Ingabe i-Cataracts ingabuya ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

I-Cataracts ayikwazi ukubuya ngoba i-lens yemvelo isuswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bathuthukisa isimo esibizwa nge-posterior capsule opacification, lapho imembran ngemuva kwe-lens yakho entsha iba mnyama. Lokhu kungalashwa kalula ngenqubo elula ye-laser ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho.

UMbuzo 3: Ngingalinda isikhathi esingakanani phakathi kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataracts uma zombili izamehlo zidinga ukwelashwa?

Odokotela abaningi bancoma ukulinda amasonto angu-1-4 phakathi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uvumele iso lakho lokuqala liphele. Lesi sikhathi siphinde sikuvumele ukuthi uthole ukuthuthuka kokubona emehlweni ngaphambi kokuthuthukela kwesibili. Udokotela wakho uzoqonda isikhathi esihle kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukeni kwakho nokutholakala kwakho.

UMbuzo 4: Ngizokudinga amagalasi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataracts?

Lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-intraocular lens oyikhethayo nezinhloso zakho zokubona. Ama-lens avamile ngokuvamile anikeza ukubona okuhle okude, kodwa ungadinga amagalasi okufunda. Ama-premium lenses anganciphisa ukuncika kumagalasi ezingeni ezihlukene, nakuba ungase uzaziwa ngokusebenzisa amagalasi kweminye imisebenzi. Xoxa ngezidingo zakho zokuphila nodokotela wakho.

UMbuzo 5: Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataracts kuphephile kubantu abane-diabetes?

Yebo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataracts ngokuvamile kuphephile kubantu abane-diabetes, nakuba kudinga ukulawulwa okucophelelayo. I-sugar yakho yegazi kufanele ilawulwe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi ukuphulukisa kungathatha isikhathi eside kancane. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlangana neqembu lakho lokuphatha i-diabetes ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Abantu abane-diabetes bayazuza kakhulu ekuhlinzweni kwe-cataracts njengoba kuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuqapha impilo yamehlo abo.