Umgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ukhula ezicellini zezitho zomlomo, okuyingxenye engezansi yesisu sakho exhuma esithweni sakho. Iningi lemikhakha yomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo ibangelwa ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-human papillomavirus (HPV), okuyisifo esidluliselwa ngocansi esivamile.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo uyavikeleka kakhulu futhi uyaphiliswa uma utholakala ekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile njenge-Pap smears kungathola izinguquko ezicellini zezitho zomlomo ngaphambi kokuba zibe yomdlavuza, okwenza kube lolu hlobo oluvikelayo kakhulu lomdlavuza.

Umgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo Ungani?

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo uqala lapho izicellini ezijwayelekile ezithweni zakho zomlomo zishintsha futhi zikhule ngokungenakulawuleka. Izitho zakho zomlomo zinde cishe isentimitha futhi zihlala phezulu kwesitho sakho sobusika, zenza ukuvula esiswini sakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo. I-Squamous cell carcinoma yenza cishe u-80-90% yezimo futhi ikhula ezicellini ezinqunu, ezilinganayo ezimboze ingxenye yangaphandle yezitho zomlomo. I-Adenocarcinoma ihlanganisa u-10-20% yezimo futhi iqala ezicellini ze-gland ezakha i-mucus esigodini sangaphakathi sezitho zomlomo.

Iningi lomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo likhula kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izicellini zomdlavuza, ithusi lezitho zomlomo liya ngokushintsha okuthiwa yi-precancerous lesions noma i-dysplasia. Lezi zinguquko zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa okuvamile futhi zitholwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe yomdlavuza.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomngxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo?

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ekuqaleni awuvamile ukubangela noma yiziphi izimpawu, kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubaluleke kangaka. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile ziyizimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza uqhubeke.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile kwesitho sobusika phakathi kwesikhathi, ngemva kokuthandana, noma ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuba yisifazane.
• Ukuphuma kwesitho sobusika okunamanzi, okuphuma igazi, noma okunuka okubi.
• Ubuhlungu be-pelvic noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuthandana.
• Ukuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini, njengezikhathi ezinkulu noma ezihlala isikhathi eside.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokugeza noma ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic.

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ophambili ungabangela izimpawu ezengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo emhlane noma ezinyaweni, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala, noma ukukhula ezinyaweni zakho. Ungase ube nobunzima bokuthamba noma igazi emathanjeni akho.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo. Ukuba nesimpawu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu akusho ukuthi une-cancer, kodwa kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze uhlolwe kahle.

Yini Ebangela Umgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo?

Cishe yonke imikhakha yomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo ibangelwa ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo ngezinhlobo eziyingozi ze-human papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV ivame kakhulu, futhi iningi labantu abasebenzisana ngocansi liyoyithola ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwabo.

Uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ngokuvamile luhlanza ukutheleleka kwe-HPV ngokwemvelo phakathi neminyaka emibili. Noma kunjalo, uma izinhlobo ezithile eziyingozi ze-HPV zihlala emzimbeni wakho, zingabangela izicellini ezijwayelekile zezitho zomlomo zishintshe futhi ekugcineni zibe yomdlavuza. Lo mkhuba ngokuvamile uthatha iminyaka eyi-10-20.

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezinezinkinga kakhulu zokubangela umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo yi-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18, ezakha cishe u-70% yezimo. Ezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi zihlanganisa i-HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, ne-58. Lezi zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezingahlali ezingabangela ama-genital warts.

Ngenkathi i-HPV iyimbangela ephambili, ezinye izinto zingasebenzisana ne-HPV ukwandisa ingozi yakho. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi, ukuqala umsebenzi wocansi ebusheni, noma ukuba nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngocansi kungenza ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kube lula.

Ziyini Izinto Ezifaka Ingozi Yomngxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo?

Ukuqonda izinto ezifaka ingozi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuvimbela nokuhlola. Iningi lezinto ezifaka ingozi lihlobene nethuba lakho lokuthola noma ukungasusi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezifaka ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukungatholi ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-Pap noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV.
• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi noma umlingani onabalingani abaningi.
• Ukuqala umsebenzi wocansi ebusheni (ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18).
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngocansi njenge-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, noma i-herpes.
• Ukuba nohlelo lokulwa nezifo olubuthakathaka ngenxa ye-HIV, ukuhlinzwa kwamalungu, noma imithi ethile.
• Ukubhema utsha, okungenza buthakathaka amandla ohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo lokulwa ne-HPV.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulawula ukubeletha isikhathi eside (ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5).
• Ukuba nokukhulelwa okugcwele okungaphezulu kwemithathu.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-17 ekukhulelweni kwakho kokuqala.

Ezinye izinto ezifaka ingozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuba nonina othathe imithi ye-DES (diethylstilbestrol) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ukuba nomlando womndeni womngxekelo wezitho zomlomo. Noma kunjalo, lezi zihlanganisa izimo ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Ukuba nezinto ezifaka ingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo. Abantu abaningi abanazo izinto ezifaka ingozi abazitholi leyo gciwane, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezifaka ingozi ezaziwayo bayayithola. Okubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungakhathaliseki izinga lengozi yakho.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuphathelene Nokukhathazeka Ngokugxekelo Kwezitho Zomlomo?

Kufanele ubone udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile, ikakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile kwesitho sobusika noma ukuphuma. Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi noma ucabange ukuthi ziyophela zodwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unegazi phakathi kwesikhathi, igazi ngemva kokuthandana, noma noma yiliphi igazi ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuba yisifazane. Izikhathi ezinkulu ezihlukile kakhulu kunesimilo sakho esivamile nazo ziyadingeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, gcina isimiso sakho sokuhlola okuvamile ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Iningi leziqondiso liqondisa ukuqala ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap eminyakeni engu-21 futhi uqhubeke njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuze kube eminyakeni engu-65, ngezinguquko ezithile ngokususelwa ebudaleni bakho nasemiphumeleni yangaphambili.

Uma awukaze uhlolwe noma awukabi ne-Pap test eminyakeni eminingi, cisha i-appointment maduze. Ukutholakala ekuqaleni kusindisa impilo, futhi ukuthola izinguquko ze-precancerous ekuqaleni kusho izinketho zokwelapha ezilula kakhulu.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zomngxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo?

Uma umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo utholakala ekuqaleni, izingozi azivamile futhi ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuyasebenza kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uma umdlavuza usakazeka ngaphesheya kwezitho zomlomo, ungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ophambili ungasakazeka ezihlangeni nasezithweni eziseduze. Lokhu kungathinta ibladder yakho, kubangele ubunzima bokuthamba, igazi emathanjeni, noma ukutheleleka okuvamile kwe-urinary tract. Uma umdlavuza usakazeka esibindini sakho, ungase ube nezinkinga zesibindini noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuya esibindini.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka nase-lymph nodes, ikakhulukazi lezo e-pelvis yakho. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhula ezinyaweni zakho noma e-pelvis, futhi kungabonisa ukuthi izicellini zomdlavuza ziye ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ophambili ungasakazeka ezihlangeni ezikude njengemiphunga yakho, isibindi, noma amathambo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastatic cancer futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okukhulu. Izimpawu zingafaka ukukhokha okuhlala njalo, ubuhlungu lwamathambo, noma ukukhula esiswini.

Izingozi zokwelashwa zingase zenzeke, nakuba ngokuvamile ziphatheka kalula. Ukuhlinzwa kungathinta ukukhulelwa noma umsebenzi wocansi, kanti ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungabangela ukukhathala, izinguquko zesikhumba, noma imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezithweni eziseduze. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokuxoxela ngalezi zinto futhi likusize uqonde izinzuzo nezingozi zezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha.

Umgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo Ungavikeleka Kanjani?

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ungomunye wemikhakha yomdlavuza evimbeka kakhulu, ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo nokugoma. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zisebenza ndawonye ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ukugoma kwe-HPV yiyona ndlela yakho yokuqala yokulwa. Ukugoma kuvikela izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela iningi lomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo. Kusebenza kakhulu uma kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhululelwe yi-HPV, ngokufanele phakathi kweminyaka engu-9-12, kodwa kunganikwa kuze kube eminyakeni engu-26 futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube eminyakeni engu-45.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nge-Pap tests ne-HPV tests kungathola izinguquko ze-precancerous ngaphambi kokuba zibe yomdlavuza. Lezi zivivinyo zingathola izicellini ezingavamile ekuqaleni, lapho ukwelashwa kulula futhi kusebenza kahle. Landela izeluleko zedokotela wakho mayelana nokuvamile kokuhlola ngokususelwa ebudaleni bakho nasemiphumeleni yangaphambili.

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ye-HPV ngezindlela zocansi eziphephile. Ukusebenzisa ama-condoms njalo kunganciphisa ingozi yakho, nakuba i-HPV isengasakazwa ngokuthintana kwesikhumba esingagqokwa ama-condoms. Ukulinganisela inani labalingani bakho bocansi futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokukhululeka.

Ungabhemi, njengoba ukubhema kwenza kube nzima ohlelweni lwakho lokulwa nezifo ukususa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungathuthukisa amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nokutheleleka nokunciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza.

Umgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukutholakala komgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ngokuvamile kuqala ngemiphumela engavamile evela ekuhlolweni okuvamile kwe-Pap noma ekuhlolweni kwe-HPV. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma izilingo ezengeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi usakazeke kangakanani.

I-colposcopy ngokuvamile iyisinyathelo esilandelayo ngemva kwemiphumela engavamile yokuhlola. Ngalesi senzo, udokotela wakho usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuqaphela ukuhlola izitho zakho zomlomo eduze. Bangathatha amasampula amancane ezihlangeni (ama-biopsies) kunoma yiziphi izingxenye ezibukeka zingavamile.

Uma umdlavuza utholakala, uzodinga izilingo ezengeziwe ukuze uqonde isigaba, esichaza ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kangakanani. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-chest X-rays, ama-CT scans, ama-MRI scans, noma ama-PET scans. Ukuhlolwa komzimba ngaphansi kokulala kungase futhi kwenziwe ukuze uhlole izitho eziseduze.

Isigaba sisiza iqembu lakho lezempilo lihlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Umdlavuza ekuqaleni ongasakazanga ngaphesheya kwezitho zomlomo unemiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi ungadinga ukwelashwa okuncane kunomdlavuza ophambili.

Yonke inqubo yokutholakala ingase izizwe icindezelayo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi imiphumela eminingi yokuhlola engavamile ayisho ukuthi une-cancer. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokukhokhela kuzo zonke izinyathelo futhi lichaze ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuphathwa Kwe-Cancer Yezitho Zomlomo Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa komgxekelo wezitho zomlomo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi isigaba somdlavuza, ubudala bakho, impilo yonke, nokuthi ufuna yini ukulondoloza ukukhulelwa. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele.

Ngokomgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ekuqaleni, ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela ephambili yokwelapha. Izinketho zingafaka ukususa nje ithusi lomdlavuza (i-cone biopsy), ukususa izitho zomlomo ne-vagina engaphezulu (i-trachelectomy), noma ukususa isisu nezitho zomlomo (i-hysterectomy). Ububanzi bokuhlinzwa kuncike ekutheni kukhona kangakanani umdlavuza.

Ukuphathwa ngomgogodla kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala izicellini zomdlavuza. Kungase kusetshenziswe yodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa. Ukuphathwa ngomgogodla wangempela kubheka umdlavuza ngaphandle komzimba wakho, kanti ukuphathwa ngomgogodla wangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) kubekela izinto ezishisayo eduze komdlavuza.

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala izicellini zomdlavuza kulo lonke umzimba wakho. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa nokuphathwa ngomgogodla ngomdlavuza ophambili. Imithi evamile ye-chemotherapy yomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo ihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, ne-paclitaxel.

Ngokomdlavuza ophambili noma obuphindaphindayo, ukwelashwa okusha njenge-targeted therapy noma i-immunotherapy kungaba izinketho. Lokhu ukwelashwa kusebenza ngokuhlukile kunokwelashwa okuvamile kwe-chemotherapy futhi kungase kusebenze uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe abanjengabagcini bezifo be-gynecologic, abagcini bezifo be-radiation, nabagcini bezifo be-medical. Bazolandelela impendulo yakho ekwelapheni futhi balungise uhlelo lwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela Yokuphatha Izimpawu Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa?

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komngxekelo wezitho zomlomo kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho. Iningi lemiphumela emibi liyisikhashana futhi lingaphathwa kahle ngesiqondiso seqembu lakho lezempilo.

Ukukhathala kuvamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ngomgogodla noma i-chemotherapy. Lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma udinga. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ukugcina amazinga akho amandla, kodwa ungazicindelisi kakhulu.

Ukuphefumula nokugabha okuvela e-chemotherapy ngokuvamile kungalawulwa ngemithi yokulwa nokuphefumula. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile nokugwema izinto ezinuka kakhulu kungasiza. Itiye le-ginger noma izongezo ze-ginger zingase futhi zinikeze impumuzo.

Izingozi zesikhumba ezivela ekwelapheni ngomgogodla zifana nokushisa kwelanga endaweni ewelashwayo. Gcina isikhumba sihlanzekile futhi siwomile, gwema izingubo ezinamathelayo phezu kwendawo yokwelashwa, futhi sebenzisa ama-moisturizers abuthakathaka, angenamphunga njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kubalulekile ngenxa yokududuzeka kwakho nokuphulukisa. Unganqikazi ukutshela iqembu lakho lezempilo mayelana nanoma yiluphi ubuhlungu obuhlangabezana nalo. Kunezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokuphathwa kobuhlungu ezitholakalayo, kusuka emithini kuya ezindleleni ezikhuthazayo njengokucamngca noma i-acupuncture.

Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokunakekelwa komzimba. Cabanga ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela, ukukhuluma nomxhumanisi, noma ukuxhumana nabanye abantu abaphila nomdlavuza. Iqembu lakho lezempilo linganikeza izinsiza nokuqondisa izinsizakalo zokusekela ngokomzwelo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Appointment Yakho Yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi olukudingayo.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, ukuthi zivele kangaki, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Faka noma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini, ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile, noma ubuhlungu be-pelvic. Ungashiyi lutho, ngisho noma libukeka lincane.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, amavithamini, nezongezo. Faka noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ngezitshalo noma izindlela ezihlukile ozisebenzisayo.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho. Ungase ufune ukwazi ngezinto ezifaka ingozi zakho, izincomo zokuhlola, noma ukuthi yini okulindeleke ngesikhathi sezinqubo. Zibhale phansi ukuze ungakhohlwa ukubuza ngesikhathi se-appointment yakho.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni e-appointment yakho. Bangakunikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo futhi bakusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukuba nomuntu omunye okhona kungakusiza futhi ucabange ngemibuzo ongasenqikile.

Butha umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi imiphumela yangaphambili ye-Pap test, noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlola engavamile, nomlando womndeni womdlavuza. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ahlole ingozi yakho futhi enze izincomo ezifanele.

Iyini I-Takeaway Key Mayelana NoMgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo uyavikeleka kakhulu ngokugomela nokuhlola okuvamile. Uma utholakala ekuqaleni, futhi uyaphiliswa ngezilinganiso ezinhle zokuphila.

Ukugoma kwe-HPV nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-Pap kuyizixhobo zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela. Ngisho noma usevele usebenzisana ngocansi noma ukhulu kunomnyaka oqondisiwe wokugomela, akusikho isikhathi sokuba uqale ukuzivikela ngokuhlola.

Ungawagcini izimpawu ezingavamile njengokuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ubuhlungu be-pelvic, kodwa futhi ungathukutheli uma uzibona. Izimo eziningi zingabangela lezi zimpawu, futhi ukuhlolwa ekuqaleni kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kungakhathaliseki imbangela.

Uma utholakala une-cancer yezitho zomlomo, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Sebenza eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo, buza imibuzo, futhi unganqikazi ukufuna ukusekelwa kubangani, emindenini, noma emaqenjini okusekela.

Hlala unolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho, kodwa xhomeka emithonjeni ethembekile nabaphathi bakho bezempilo ngezeluleko zezokwelapha. Ukuthatha indima ephambili empilweni yakho yezokwelapha ingenye yezinto ezinhle ongayenza ngempilo yakho yesikhathi eside nokuthula kwengqondo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana NoMgxekelo Wezitho Zomlomo

Ungathola umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo uma usuvele uthathe i-HPV vaccine?

I-HPV vaccine inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo, kodwa ayiyisusi ngokuphelele. Ukugoma kuvikela izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela cishe u-70% yomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo, kodwa hhayi zonke izinhlobo. Kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nasemuva kokugomela. Cabanga ngokugoma nokuhlola njengezingqimba ezimbili ezihlanganayo zokuvikela ezisebenza ndawonye.

Kufanele uhlolwe kangaki ngomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo?

Izincomo zokuhlola ziyahlukahluka ngokususelwa ebudaleni nasemiphumeleni yangaphambili. Ngokuvamile, kufanele uqale ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap eminyakeni engu-21 futhi uqhubeke njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuze kube eminyakeni engu-30. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-30-65, ungaqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma ushintshe uhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ne-HPV njalo eminyakeni emi-5. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma isimiso esihle kakhulu ngokususelwa ezintweni zakho ezifaka ingozi nempilo yakho.

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ungathinta amandla akho okuba nezingane?

Ukuphathwa komngxekelo wezitho zomlomo kungathinta ukukhulelwa, kodwa umthelela uyahlukahluka ngokususelwa ekutheni umdlavuza usakazeke kangakanani nohlobo lokwelashwa olufunekayo. Umdlavuza ekuqaleni ungaphathwa ngezinqubo zokulondoloza ukukhulelwa, kanti umdlavuza ophambili ngokuvamile udinga ukwelashwa okuqeda ukukhulelwa. Uma ukulondoloza ukukhulelwa kubalulekile kuwe, xoxa neqembu lakho lezempilo ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale ukuze bakwazi ukucabangela zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo.

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo uyifa?

Umgxekelo wezitho zomlomo ngokuvamile awuyifa njengamanye ama-cancer. Iningi lemikhakha ibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kunokuguqulwa kwe-genetic okuzuzwe. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinto ze-genetic zingase zithinte amandla ohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo lokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-HPV. Ukuba nomlando womndeni womngxekelo wezitho zomlomo kungase kukwandisa ingozi yakho kancane, kodwa izinto ezingaphandle njengokukhululeka kwe-HPV kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Pap test ne-HPV test?

I-Pap test ibuka izicellini ezingavamile ezithweni zakho zomlomo ezingaba yomdlavuza, kanti i-HPV test ibuka i-virus ebangela iningi lomngxekelo wezitho zomlomo. Zombili lezi zilingo zisebenzisa amasampula aqoqwe ezithweni zakho zomlomo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilingo zenziwa ndawonye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlukana. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yiziphi izilingo ezifanele ubudala bakho nezinto ezifaka ingozi.