Iyini i-Chickenpox? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Iyini i-chickenpox?

I-Chickenpox yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa yi-virus esenza ukuqhuma okunamabala amaningi emzimbeni wakho. Kubangelwa yi-varicella-zoster virus, engumkhaya we-herpes virus.

Abantu abaningi bathola i-chickenpox besebancane, futhi nakuba kungabi nhlanhla, ngokuvamile kuyaphila futhi kuyahamba ngokwalo ngaphakathi kweviki noma ezimbili. Uma usuvele uthole i-chickenpox, umzimba wakho uthola ukuvikelwa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole futhi.

Ukutheleleka kukhula kalula ngezintuli zomoya lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma athi, noma ngokuthinta i-fluid evela emabhaleni e-chickenpox. Utholakala kakhulu cishe izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma kuze kube yilapho wonke amabala ehlanganiswe.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-chickenpox?

Izimpawu ze-chickenpox ngokuvamile ziqala ngezimpawu ezifana ne-influenza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma okuqondene nalesi sifo. Ukuqhuma kuyisibonakaliso esiqondene kakhulu nalesi sifo, kodwa ungase uzizwe ungaphili kahle usuku noma amabili kuqala.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazibuka:

• Ukuqhuma okubomvu, okunamabala amaningi okuqala njengezinhlanzi ezincane bese kuthi kube amabala agcwele amanzi
• Ukuthuthumela, ngokuvamile okuphansi kuya kokuphakathi
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda nobuhlungu bomzimba jikelele
• Ukukhathala nokuzizwa ungaphili kahle
• Ukwehluleka kokudla
• Ubuhlungu bomphimbo kwezinye izimo

Ukuqhuma ngokuvamile kuvela kuqala ebusweni bakho, esifubeni, nasemuva, bese kusakazeka kwamanye amalunga omzimba wakho. Amabala amasha aqhubeka evela izinsuku eziningi ngenkathi amadala ehlanganiswe futhi aphulukiswe.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukuthuthumela okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F, ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okunzima, ubunzima bokuthanda, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesikhumba ngamabhaktheriya eduze namabala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise izinkinga ezinjengopneumonia noma ukuvuvukala kwengqondo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kubantwana nabantu abadala abaphilile.

Yini ebangela i-chickenpox?

I-Chickenpox ibangelwa yi-varicella-zoster virus, esakazeka kalula kakhulu kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ungayithola ngokuphefumula izintuli ezincane eziqukethe i-virus lapho umuntu one-chickenpox ekhwehlela, ethi, noma ekhuluma.

Ungatheleleka futhi ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile yi-virus noma ngokuxhumana ngqo ne-fluid evela emabhaleni e-chickenpox. I-virus ingaphila ezintweni izikhathi eziningi, okwenza kube yinto ethathelwanayo kakhulu.

Uma i-virus ingena emzimbeni wakho, ihamba ngesistimu yakho yokuphefumula bese iqala ukwanda. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-21, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungase ungazizwa ugula nhlobo, kodwa usengasakaza i-virus kwabanye.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-virus efanayo ebangela i-chickenpox ingabuye ibuyele emzimbeni wakho njenge-shingles, ngokuvamile uma usuvele ukhulu noma uma isimiso sakho sokuvikela siminye.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-chickenpox?

Izimo eziningi ze-chickenpox zingaphathwa ekhaya ngokuphumula nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa impilo. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona izimpawu ezinkulu noma uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuthuthumela okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (38.9°C) noma ukuthuthumela okuphela izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezine
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okunzima noma ukunqanyulwa komphimbo
• Ubunzima bokuthanda noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya eduze namabala (ukubomvu okwandayo, ukushisa, i-pus, noma ukubomvu okusakazekayo)
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma ukugabha okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphazamiseka, ukulala okukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuvuka

Kufanele ufunuke unakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma ukhulelwe, une-immune system ebuthakathaka, noma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 futhi uthola i-chickenpox. Lezi zinhlaka zibhekene nezingozi ezikhulu zezinkinga futhi zingadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unakekela ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ethola i-chickenpox, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha, njengoba izingane ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nezimo ezinzima kakhulu.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-chickenpox?

Noma ubani ongenayo i-chickenpox noma owathola isithombe angatheleleka, kodwa izinto ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuyithola noma ukuba nezinkinga. Iminyaka idlala indima ebalulekile kokubili engcupheni yokutheleleka kanye nobunzima.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yokuthola i-chickenpox zifaka:

• Ukuba awukaze uthole i-chickenpox noma isithombe
• Ukuba eduze komuntu one-chickenpox esebenzayo noma i-shingles
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezihlanganayo njengezikole, amasimu okuhlala, noma imindeni
• Ukuba ne-immune system ebuthakathaka
• Ukukhulelwa (uma awukaze uthole i-chickenpox)
• Ukusebenza ezindaweni zokunakekela impilo noma ukunakekela izingane

Nakuba abantwana abaningi abaphilile bephulukana ne-chickenpox ngaphandle kwezinkinga, amaqembu athile abhekene nezingozi ezikhulu zezinkinga. Abantu abadala abatholakala i-chickenpox ngokuvamile baba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kunabantwana.

Abantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nezingane ezisanda kuzalwa banengozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinzima. Uma ungowomunye walawa maqembu futhi ucabanga ukuthi ukhombiswe i-chickenpox, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-chickenpox?

Abantu abaningi, ikakhulu abantwana abaphilile, bayaphulile i-chickenpox ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga zingase zenzeke, futhi kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ukuze uthole usizo uma kudingeka.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba ngamabhaktheriya ngokukroba amabala
• Amabala ngokukroba okujulile noma amabala athelelekile
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokuthuthumela nokungaphuzi amanzi anele
• I-Pneumonia, ikakhulu kubantu abadala nakwabantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima kakhulu zingafaka ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (encephalitis), izinkinga zokopha, noma ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya okunzima okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, abesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, nabantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abatholakala i-chickenpox babhekene nezingozi ezengeziwe, kufaka phakathi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke uma kutheleleka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa noma ukugula okunzima ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa uma kutheleleka eduze nesikhathi sokubeletha. Kungakho ukugonywa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abangakaze bathole i-chickenpox.

I-Chickenpox ingavikeleka kanjani?

Isithombe se-chickenpox yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu kutheleleka. Siphumelela kakhulu futhi siye sanciphisa inani lezimbangela ze-chickenpox kusukela saqala ukutholakala kabanzi.

Isithombe ngokuvamile sinikezwa ngezilinganiso ezimbili: eyokuqala phakathi kweminyaka engu-12 kuya kweyi-15, kanye neyesibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 kuya kweyi-6. Abantu abadala abangakaze bathole i-chickenpox kufanele bagonywe ngezilinganiso ezimbili ezinikezwe amasonto angu-4 kuya kwangu-8.

Uma ungakwazi ukugonywa noma awukaze ugonywe, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema ukuxhumana eduze nabantu abane-chickenpox esebenzayo noma i-shingles. I-virus isakazeka kalula, ngakho-ke ukuhlala kude nabantu abathelelekile yilona viviko lakho elihle kakhulu.

Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka njengokuhlanza izandla njalo ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwe-virus. Uma othile endlini yakho enesifo se-chickenpox, zama ukuwagcina ehlukene namalungu omndeni angakaze abe nesifo noma isithombe.

I-Chickenpox ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukubona i-chickenpox ngokubuka nje ukuqhuma okuqondene nalesi sifo nokuzwa ngezimpawu zakho. Isakhiwo samabala abomvu amancane athuthukela amabala agcwele amanzi siqondene kakhulu futhi kulula ukusibona.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, ukuthi uke waba eduze nomuntu one-chickenpox, nokuthi uke waba nalesi sifo noma isithombe ngaphambili. Bazophinde bahlole ukuqhuma kwakho ukuze babone ukuthi amabala asekuphileni lini.

Ezimeni eziningi, azikho izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa i-chickenpox. Noma kunjalo, uma udokotela wakho engaqiniseki ngokuxilongwa noma uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga, bangase bathathe isampula ye-fluid evela ebhaleni ukuze bahlole i-virus.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingabuye zibuke ama-antibodies e-varicella-zoster virus, kodwa lokhu akudingeki kakhulu ekuxilongweni. Udokotela wakho angase ayalele umsebenzi wegazi uma kudingeka ukuthola ukuthi uvikelwe yi-chickenpox noma uma kukhona izinkinga ezithathwe.

Ukuphathwa kwe-chickenpox kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-chickenpox kugxile ekuqinisiseni ukuthi ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa ne-virus. Ayikho indlela yokwelapha i-chickenpox, kodwa izindlela eziningi zingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu zakho nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Kubantwana abaningi abaphilile nabantu abadala, ukwelashwa kufaka:

• Ukuphumula namanzi amaningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho uphulukiswe
• Ukugqoka ngamanzi abandayo ane-oatmeal noma i-baking soda ukuze uthuthukise isikhumba esinobala
• I-Calamine lotion noma izinto ezibandayo ezindaweni ezinobuhlungu
• I-Acetaminophen yokuthuthumela nobuhlungu (ungalokothi unike i-aspirin kubantwana abane-chickenpox)
• Ama-antihistamines ukuze usize ukunciphisa ukubala

Udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi ye-antiviral njenge-acyclovir uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga noma uma ungumuntu omdala onezimpawu ezinzima. Le miyeke isebenza kangcono uma iqalwa phakathi kwamahora angu-24 okuqala kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma.

Kwabantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka noma ezinye izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini, odokotela bangase bancoma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukulandelela okuqonde kakhulu. Inhloso ihlala ikuvimbela izinkinga ngenkathi ikusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-chickenpox ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena noma ingane yakho enesifo se-chickenpox ekhaya kuhilela ukuphatha izimpawu nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ukusakazeka kwabanye. Okubalulekile ukuhlala ukhululekile ngenkathi isimiso sakho sokuvikela sisebenza.

Ukulawula ukubala, okuvame ukuba yisibonakaliso esibuhlungu kakhulu, zama ukugqoka ngamanzi abandayo ane-colloidal oatmeal noma i-baking soda. Shaya isikhumba sakho sibe omile ngobumnene bese usebenzisa i-calamine lotion ezindaweni ezinobuhlungu. Gcina izipikili ezimfushane futhi zihlanzekile ukuvimbela ukukroba nokutheleleka okungenzeka.

Hlala uqinisile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi, futhi udle ukudla okuthambile, okubandayo uma unezindawo ezinobuhlungu emlonyeni wakho. Ama-popsicles kanye ne-ice cream angaba nhlanhla ebuhlungwini bomphimbo. Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze usize umzimba wakho uphulukiswe.

Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-virus, hlala ekhaya kuze kube yilapho wonke amabala ehlanganiswe, okuvame ukuthatha isonto. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi ugweme ukwabelana ngezinto zakho siqu njengezitawula noma izitsha namalungu omndeni.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Uma kudingeka ubone udokotela nge-chickenpox, ukubiza kusengaphambili kubalulekile ngoba i-chickenpox ithathwa kalula. Ama-ofisi amaningi ezempilo anama-procedure akhethekile kwabaguli abanezifo ezithathelwanayo ukuvikela abanye abaguli.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, zaziyini, kanye nanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathe. Qaphela uma uke waba eduze nomuntu one-chickenpox noma i-shingles emasontweni ambalwa adlule.

Letha uhlu lanoma iyiphi enye isimo sezempilo onayo kanye nemithi oyithatha njengamanje. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha nokubona noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wokugonywa. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uke waba ne-chickenpox ngaphambili noma wathola isithombe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngoba lokhu kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini okubalulekile nge-chickenpox?

I-Chickenpox yisifo esivamile sabantwana esingathandeki, kodwa ngokuvamile siyaphulile ngokwalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinzima. Ukuqhuma okuqondene nalesi sifo okunamabala amaningi kuyiqiniso futhi kusiza odokotela ukwenza ukuxilongwa kalula.

Ukuvikela okuhle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-chickenpox ukugonywa, okuvikelekile futhi kuphumelela kakhulu. Uma uthola i-chickenpox, izimo eziningi zingaphathwa ngokukhululeka ekhaya ngokuphumula, amanzi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha izimpawu.

Khumbula ukuthi nakuba i-chickenpox ivame ukuba yinto encane kubantwana abaphilile, abantu abadala nabantu abanezingozi ezithile bangaba nezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma unezinkinga noma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga.

Uma usuvele uthole i-chickenpox, uvikelwe ukuphila ngokumelene nokuyithola futhi, nakuba i-virus ihlala icishe emzimbeni wakho futhi ingase ibuyele njenge-shingles. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlanganiswa kusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi ngempilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-chickenpox

Ungayithola yini i-chickenpox kabili?

Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthola i-chickenpox kabili. Uma usuvele uthole i-chickenpox, isimiso sakho sokuvikela sithola ukuvikelwa okuphila isikhathi eside ngokumelene ne-virus. Noma kunjalo, i-virus ihlala icishe esistimu yakho yezinzwa futhi ingase ibuyele njenge-shingles, okuyisimo esihlukile esinezimpawu ezihlukile.

I-Chickenpox ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-Chickenpox ngokuvamile ihlala izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 kusukela ngesikhathi ukuqhuma kuqala ukuvela. Amabala amasha ngokuvamile ayeka ukuvela ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-5, futhi amabala akhona ehlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-5 ezilandelayo. Awusatheleleki uma wonke amabala ehlanganiswe.

Ingabe i-chickenpox iyingozi kwabantu abadala?

Abantu abadala abatholakala i-chickenpox ngokuvamile baba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kunabantwana, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthumela okuphezulu kanye nokuqhuma okukhulu. Baphinda banengozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinjenge-pneumonia. Noma kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa okuqondile nokulandelela, abantu abadala abaningi bayaphulile i-chickenpox ngokuphelele.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangayithola yini isithombe se-chickenpox?

Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole isithombe se-chickenpox ngoba siqukethe i-virus ephilayo. Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa futhi abangakaze bathole i-chickenpox kufanele bagonywe okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuzimisela ukukhulelwa. Uma ukhulelwe futhi awukaze uthole i-chickenpox, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuvimbela.

Uyazi kanjani ukuthi i-chickenpox ayisathwa kalula?

Awusatheleleki uma wonke amabala e-chickenpox esomile futhi ehlanganiswe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemva kokuba ukuqhuma kuqale ukuvela. Kuze kube yilapho, ungasakaza i-virus kwabanye abangakaze bathole i-chickenpox noma bagonywe.