Ukuthi yini i-Childhood Apraxia of Speech? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Childhood apraxia of speech yisifo sokuqamba okwenzeka kubantwana lapho bekwazi ukuthi bafuna ukusho ukuthini, kodwa behluleka ukuhlanganisa imisipha yomlomo wabo ukuze bakwazi ukwakha amazwi ngokucacile. Cabanga ngakho njengokuba neculo elifanele ekhanda lakho, kodwa uhluleka ukwenza izwi lakho lilicule kahle.

Lesi simo sithinta indlela ubuchopho obuthumela ngayo imiyalezo emiphakathini esetshenziswa ekukhulumeni. Ngokungafani nezinye izingcindezi zokukhuluma lapho abantwana bengase baqambe imisindo ngokungafani njalo, abantwana abane-apraxia bavame ukusho igama elifanayo ngokwahlukile njalo uma bezama.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-childhood apraxia of speech?

Izimpawu ze-childhood apraxia zingase zihluke kakhulu kusuka kumntwana komunye, kodwa kunezigaba ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke. Umntanakho angase abonise izinhlanganisela ezahlukene zalezi zimpawu, futhi zingase zishintshe njengoba umntanakho ekhula.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Umntanakho uqamba amazwi ngokungafani, eqamba igama elifanayo ngokwahlukile njalo
• Uhluleka ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kusuka kumculo komunye ngaphakathi kwamagama
• Uyaqaphela ukuthi ubeka ukucindezela ezingxenyeni ezingalungile zamagama noma ukukhuluma ngesilinganiso esingavamile
• Amazwi alula aba nzima ukusho uma eyingxenye yemisho emide
• Angase aqonde konke okushoyo kodwa abe nobunzima obukhulu bokuziveza
• Umntanakho ubonakala “efuna” ngomlomo wakhe, ezama izikhundla ezahlukene ukuze enze imisindo
• Angase aphumelele kakhulu ekukhulumeni okuzenzakalelayo njengokucula noma ukubala kunokukhuluma okubandakanya ingxoxo

Abanye abantwana abane-apraxia nabo babonisa izimpawu ezingavamile okufanele bazazi. Bangase babe nezinkinga zokudla njengabantwana, ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma, noma izinkinga emakhono okuqonda okuhle njengokusebenzisa izikati noma ukubopha izinkinobho.

Okwenza lokhu kube inselele ngokukhethekile ukuthi izimpawu zingase zibonakale zingafani usuku nosuku. Umntanakho angase asho igama ngokuphelele ekuseni bese ehluleka ukusho ntambama.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-childhood apraxia of speech?

I-Childhood apraxia of speech ngokuvamile iwa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kulokho okungase kuyibangele. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ukuthi nicabange ngendlela engcono kakhulu yomntanakho.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic childhood apraxia of speech. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isizathu esicacile esingaphansi esingabonakala odokotela. Abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia bahlala kuleli qembu, futhi nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyadumaza ukungabi nesizathu esithile, lo mklamo uvame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni kokukhuluma.

Uhlobo lwesibili luvela kanye nezinye izimo zezinzwa noma izifo zezakhiwo. Lezi zingase zihlanganise izimo ezinjenge-childhood dysarthria, i-cerebral palsy, noma izifo zezakhiwo. Kulezi zimo, i-apraxia ingxenye yesibonakaliso esibanzi sezimo.

Abanye ochwepheshe bokukhuluma nabo bakhuluma nge-apraxia ephansi, ephakathi, noma eqinile ngokusekelwe ekuthini lesi simo sithinta kangakanani ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke komntanakho. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza ukuqondisa ubukhulu bokwelashwa nemigomo.

Yini ebangela i-childhood apraxia of speech?

Isizathu esiqondile se-childhood apraxia of speech asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuvela ezinkingeni ezindaweni zobuchopho eziqondisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha yokukhuluma. Kufana nokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwendawo yokuceba yokukhuluma yobuchopho nemisipha edinga ukusebenza ndawonye.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla kulesi simo:

• Izici zezakhiwo zidlalela indima kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi lapho amanye amalungu omndeni enezinkinga zokukhuluma noma lolimi
• Ukwahluka kobuchopho ezindaweni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlela nokuxhumanisa imisipha yokukhuluma
• Izimo ezithile zezakhiwo ezinjenge-galactosemia noma izifo ze-mitochondrial
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okuvela e-stroke, ukutheleleka, noma ukulimala, nakuba lokhu kungavamile
• Ukungahambisani kwe-chromosomal noma izifo zezakhiwo

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-apraxia ingase ithuthuke ngemuva kokulimalala kobuchopho noma isifo, kodwa abantwana abaningi bazalwa ngokwahluka kwezinzwa okuholela kulesi simo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akukho lutho oluwenzile noma ungalwenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okubangele i-apraxia yomntanakho.

Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi kungakhathaliseki isizathu esingaphansi, ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa okufanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana komntanakho.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-childhood apraxia of speech?

Kufanele ucabange ukuthintana nodokotela wakho uma umntanakho engafinyeleli ezilinganisweni ezivamile zokukhuluma noma uma ukhathazekile ngokuthuthuka kokuxhumana kwakhe. Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali – uyamjwayela umntanakho.

Nazi ezinye izimo ezithile lapho kufanele uxoxe khona nodokotela wakho:

• Umntanakho unezinombolo ezimbalwa kakhulu zamagama ngonyaka wama-2
• Amalungu omndeni ngokuvamile awakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi umntanakho uzama ukusho ukuthini
• Umntanakho ubonakala edangele uma ezama ukuxhumana
• Uyaqaphela ukuthi uqonda okuningi kunalokho angakwazi ukuveza
• Ukukhuluma kwakhe kubonakala kuya kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuthuthuka
• Uyaphepha ukukhuluma noma ubonakala engathandi ukuzama amazwi amasha

Kubantwana abathile, kunezimpawu ezengeziwe ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukungabi namagama ngezinyanga eziyi-15-18, ukulahlekelwa amazwi afundiwe ngaphambili, noma ukubonisa ukubuyela emuva okukhulu emakhonweni okuxhumana.

Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni akusho ukuthi kukhona okuphuthumayo, kodwa kungakunika ukuzola futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi umntanakho uthola ukwesekwa uma kudingeka. Odokotela abaningi bangakudlulisa ku-speech-language pathologist ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuphelele.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikhulise amathuba e-childhood apraxia of speech?

Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba omntwana ukuthi athuthukise i-apraxia of speech, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingase zikhulise amathuba akusho ukuthi umntanakho uzophuthuma lesi simo. Ukuziqonda kungasiza ekuqondeni kwasekuqaleni nasekungeneleleni.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise amathuba zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni wezinkinga zokukhuluma, ulimi, noma ukufunda
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuba nokukhuluka okuncane
• Ukuba nezinye izingcindezi zokuthuthuka noma ukukhubazeka
• Izimo ezithile zezakhiwo noma ukungahambisani kwe-chromosomal
• Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukutheleleka okuthinta izindawo zokukhuluma
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi noma imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ucwaningo oluthile luphakamisa ukuthi abafana bangase babe nethuba elikhulu lokukhula i-apraxia kunamantombazane, nakuba lesi simo sithinta abantwana bazo zonke izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantwana abane-autism spectrum disorders noma ezinye izimo zokuthuthuka bangase babe nethuba elikhulu lokuba ne-apraxia.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia abanazo lezi zici ezingase zikhulise amathuba, nabantwana abaningi abanezici ezingase zikhulise amathuba abathuthuki izinkinga zokukhuluma. Ukuthuthuka kwengane ngayinye kuyakhethekile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-childhood apraxia of speech?

Nakuba i-childhood apraxia of speech ikakhulukazi isifo sokuqamba, ngezinye izikhathi ingase iholele kwezinye izinselele uma ingasekelwa kahle. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi nini okufanele ufuna ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima besikole, ikakhulukazi emakhonweni okufunda nokubhala
• Izinselele zenhlalo ngenxa yokukhathazeka kokuxhumana
• Ukuzithemba okuphansi noma izinkinga zokuziqhenya ezihlobene nokukhuluma
• Izinkinga zokuziphatha ezivela ekukhathazekeni kokuxhumana
• Ubunzima emakhonweni okuqonda okuhle asekelayo ukubhala
• Izinselele ebuhlotsheni benhlalo nasekuxhumaneni nabangane

Kwezinye izimo, abantwana bangase bathuthukise izinkinga zesibili ezinjengokuyeka ukuya esikoleni noma ukukhathazeka ngezimo zokukhuluma. Lezi zimpendulo zomzwelo ziyaqondakala kodwa zingasekelwa ngokwesekwa okufanele nokungenelela.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia bangathuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana asebenzayo futhi bagweme izinhlanganisela eziningi zalezi zinto ezingase zenzeke. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa lezi zinselele.

Ingavimbeka kanjani i-childhood apraxia of speech?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-childhood apraxia of speech njengoba ngokuvamile ivela ekuhlukaniseni kwezinzwa okukhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze usekele ukuthuthuka komntanakho jikelele futhi ubone noma yiziphi izinkinga kwasekuqaleni.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuhle kokukhulelwa, ukugwema utshwala neziyobisi, nokulandela izincomo zikadokotela wakho kungasekele ukuthuthuka kobuchopho bomntanakho jikelele. Ngemva kokuzalwa, ukunikeza indawo ecebile yolimi ngokukhuluma okuningi, ukufunda, nokuxhumana kusiza bonke abantwana ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono abo okuxhumana.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza iwukuba qaphele izilinganiso zokuthuthuka komntanakho futhi ufuna usizo kwasekuqaleni uma ukhathazekile. Ukubona kwasekuqaleni nokungenelela kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, ngisho noma kungenakuvimbela lesi simo ngokwalo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwabantwana kusiza futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuthuthuka zibonwa futhi ziphathwe ngokushesha, kunikeze umntanakho ukwesekwa okungcono kakhulu lokuhamba kwakhe kokuxhumana.

I-childhood apraxia of speech ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-childhood apraxia of speech kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe bokukhuluma abafanelekile. Ayikho ivivi elilodwa le-apraxia, ngakho ukuhlonishwa kusekelwe ekuqapheleni izigaba ezithile endleleni umntanakho akhuluma ngayo nokwenza umlomo wakhe.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izingxenye eziningi. I-speech pathologist yakho izohlola amakhono okuqonda komlomo womntanakho, ibheke ukuthi angawenza kangcono kanjani umlomo wakhe, izindebe, nomlomo kokubili emisebenzini yokukhuluma nengeyona yokukhuluma njengokuphefumula noma ukuleka.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, umhlengikazi uzobuye ahlole ukukhiqizwa komsindo wokukhuluma komntanakho, ahlole ukuthi angawakhiqiza kangcono kanjani imisindo ehlukene nezinhlanganisela ze-syllable. Uzolalela ukungafani okungavamile okuyisibonakaliso se-apraxia.

Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise nezivivinyo ezimisiwe, ukuqaphela okusekelwe emidlalweni, nomlando wecala oluphelele mayelana nokuthuthuka komntanakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kokuzwa noma ukuxhumana nochwepheshe abengeziwe kungase kunconywe ukuze kuvinjelwe ezinye izimo.

Ukuthola ukuhlonishwa okuchane kungaqeda isikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancinyane lapho izigaba zokukhuluma zisathuthuka. I-speech pathologist yakho ingase ifune ukubona umntanakho izikhathi eziningi ukuze ithole isithombe esiphelele samakhono abo okuxhumana.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-childhood apraxia of speech?

Ukwelashwa kwe-childhood apraxia of speech kugxile ekwelapheni kokukhuluma okukhulu, okwenzelwe umuntu ngamunye ochwepheshe bokukhuluma abafanelekile. Indlela igxile ekusizeni umntanakho ukuthi athuthukise ukuhlela kwemisipha nokuxhumanisa okudingekayo kokukhuluma okucacile.

Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-apraxia ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa lezi zinto eziyinhloko:

• Izivivinyo zokwelapha ezivamile, ngokuvamile izikhathi eziyi-3-5 ngesonto ekuqaleni
• Izindlela eziningi-senzwa ezisebenzisa izinkomba zobumuntu, izwi, nokuthinta
• Ukuzilolonga okuhleliwe okuqala ngemisindo elula bese kwakha amazwi abunzima
• Impendulo esheshayo yokusiza umntanakho afunde izindlela ezifanele zokunyakaza
• Imisebenzi yokuzilolonga ekhaya ukuqinisa lokho okufundiwe ekwelapheni
• Izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukile uma kudingeka, ezinjenge-sign language noma amadivayisi okuxhumana

Abanye abantwana bangase bazuze ezindleleni ezengeziwe ezinjenge-music therapy noma ubuchwepheshe bokusiza. Ezimweni lapho i-apraxia ivela nezinye izimo, umntanakho angase asebenze neqembu lochwepheshe okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe bezokusebenza, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, noma odokotela bezingane abathuthukayo.

Ubude bokwelashwa buyahluka kakhulu kusuka kumntwana komunye. Abanye abantwana babonisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo, kanti abanye badinga ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo kulo lonke unyaka lwabo besikoleni. Isihloko siwukugcina ukungenelela okuqhubekayo, okuhle okwenzelwe izidingo zomntanakho.

Unganikeza kanjani ukwesekwa ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-childhood apraxia of speech?

Indima yakho njengomzali ekusekeleni ukuthuthuka kokukhuluma komntanakho iyigugu kakhulu. Nakuba ukwelashwa kochwepheshe kubalulekile, lokho okwenzayo ekhaya kungathuthukisa kakhulu intuthuko nomoya wokuzethemba womntanakho.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokusekela umntanakho ekhaya:

• Zilolonge imisebenzi ecebiswe yi-speech therapist yakho njalo
• Dala indawo yokusekela lapho umntanakho azizwa ekhululekile ukuzama imisindo emisha
• Sebenzisa izinkomba zobumuntu, izinkomba, noma izithombe ukuze usekele ukuxhumana
• Nikeza umntanakho isikhathi esengeziwe sokuziveza ngaphandle kokumshesha
• Gubha izinqoba ezincane nokuthuthuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubonakala kuncane kangakanani
• Fundani ndawonye nsuku zonke, nikhombe amazwi nemisindo
• Bonisa ukukhuluma okucacile, okuhamba kancane ukuze umntanakho akulingise

Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisana neqembu lesikole somntanakho ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwekhaya, ukwelashwa, kanye nezindawo zaseklasini. Abantwana abaningi bazuza ngokuba nezindlela ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo.

Khumbula ukuthi intuthuko ingase ibe yeyokuhamba kancane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibe yadumaza. Ukubekezela kwakho, ukukhuthaza, nokusekela umntanakho kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuhambeni kwakhe kokukhuluma okucacile.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu nokusekela umntanakho. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokulungiselela imicabango yakho nokuqaphela kwakho ngaphambili kuzokwenza ukuvakasha kube nomphumela.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, kuwusizo ukubhala izinkinga zakho ezithile mayelana nokukhuluma komntanakho nokuxhumana. Qaphela ukuthi uqale nini ukukhathazeka nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga ukuletha lezi zinto ezibalulekile:

• Uhlu lwamagama omntanakho namasigaba awasebenzisayo njalo
• Amanothi mayelana nomlando womndeni wezinkinga zokukhuluma, ulimi, noma ukufunda
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuthuthuka, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele
• Noma yiziphi izibiko zokuhlola ngaphambili noma amanothi okwelashwa
• Isibonelo sokukhuluma komntanakho, ezinjengevidiyo
• Ulwazi mayelana nomlando wokuzalwa komntanakho nokuthuthuka kwasekuqaleni

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nanoma yini ongayiqondi. Imibuzo emihle ingase ihlanganise ukubuza ngezinketho zokwelashwa, izikhathi ezilindelwe, indlela yokusekela umntanakho ekhaya, nokuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo emphakathini wakho.

Uma kungenzeka, zama ukuhlela i-appointment ngesikhathi lapho umntanakho evame ukuba aphapheme futhi ahambisane, njengoba lokhu kuzonikeza isithombe esichane samakhono abo.

Yini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-childhood apraxia of speech?

I-Childhood apraxia of speech yisimo esinzima kodwa esingelashwa esithinta indlela abantwana abahlanganisa ngayo imisipha yabo yokukhuluma ukuze bakhiqize amazwi acacile. Nakuba kungase kudumise abantwana nemindeni, umbono ngokuvamile uqondile ngokungenelela nokusekelwa okufanele.

Ukubona kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kokukhuluma okukhulu kuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni abantwana abane-apraxia ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono okuxhumana asebenzayo. Ingane ngayinye iqhubeka ngesivinini sayo, futhi ngokubekezela nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo, abantwana abaningi bangafunda ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-apraxia akubonisi ukuhlakanipha komntanakho noma amandla akhe. Abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia baqhubeka beba nemiphumela emihle yesikole nezenhlalo ngesistimu yokusekela efanele.

Indima yakho njengomsekeli, umsekeli, nomlingani ekuhambeni komntanakho kokwelashwa iyigugu kakhulu. Themba inqubo, gubha izinqoba ezincane, futhi khumbula ukuthi intuthuko ekwelapheni kwe-apraxia ngokuvamile iza ngamaza kunokulungile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-childhood apraxia of speech

Ingabe umntanakho onale apraxia uzokwazi ukukhuluma ngokujwayelekile?

Abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia bangathuthukisa ukukhuluma okusebenzayo, okuqondakalayo ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanele. Nakuba abanye abantwana bangase babe nokuhluka okuncane ezigabeni zabo zokukhuluma, abaningi bangaxhumana ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Izinto ezibalulekile ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, nokusekelwa komndeni kulo lonke inqubo.

I-apraxia ihlukile kanjani kwezinye izingcindezi zokukhuluma?

I-Apraxia ithinta ikakhulu ikhono lobuchopho lokuhlela nokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kokukhuluma, okuholela eziphambanweni ezingafani nobunzima ngesilinganiso sokukhuluma nezibonakaliso zokucindezela. Ezinye izingcindezi zokukhuluma zingase zihlanganise ukufaka izikhombisi ezifanayo noma ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni ulimi, kodwa abantwana abane-apraxia bayazi ukuthi bafuna ukusho ukuthini kodwa bahluleka ukuhlela ukunyakaza ukuze bakwazi ukusho ngokucacile.

Ingabe abantwana abane-apraxia bangaphumelela esikoleni esivamile?

Yebo, abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia bangaphumelela ezindaweni zemfundo evamile ngezinsizakalo zokusekela ezifanele. Bangase badinge izinsizakalo zokwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka kokuxhumana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukile. Abantwana abaningi abane-apraxia banokuhlakanipha okujwayelekile futhi bangaphumelela ngokufunda ngesistimu yokusekela efanele.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kwe-apraxia kuvame ukuphela isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude bokwelashwa buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokubunzima be-apraxia nokuthi umntwana uphendula kangcono kanjani ekwelapheni. Abanye abantwana bangase badinge ukwelashwa okukhulu iminyaka eminingi, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukusekelwa kulo lonke unyaka lwabo besikoleni. Ukuvamile ngokuvamile kuqala phezulu futhi kungase kunciphisa njengoba umntwana ethuthukisa ukulawula okungcono kwemisipha yokukhuluma.

Kufanele ngisebenzise i-sign language noma amadivayisi okuxhumana nomntanakho?

Izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukile zingaba usizo kakhulu kubantwana abane-apraxia, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokwelashwa. Ukusebenzisa izibonakaliso, izithombe, noma amadivayisi okuxhumana akuvimbeli ukuthuthuka kokukhuluma kodwa kunokusekela ngokunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokupha umntanakho izindlela zokuxhumana ngenkathi esebenza emakhonweni okukhuluma. I-speech therapist yakho ingakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezingase zisebenze kangcono kumntanakho.