I-Asthma Yabantwana

Ekukhwebeni kwabantwana, amaphaphu nezindawo zokuphefumula ziqala kalula uma zithinteka izinto ezithile ezikhuthazayo. Lezo zinto ezikhuthazayo zihlanganisa ukuphefumula uthuli oluvela ezimila noma ukubanjwa yisifo sikashukela noma olunye ukutheleleka kokuphefumula. Ukukhweba kwabantwana kungabangela izimpawu ezihluphekayo nsuku zonke eziphazamisa ukudlala, imidlalo, isikole nokulala. Kubanye abantwana, ukukhweba okungaphathwe kahle kungabangela ukuhlaselwa okubi kakhulu kokukhweba.

Ukukhweba kwabantwana akuyona isikhuthazo esihlukile ekukhwebeni kwabantu abadala, kodwa abantwana baba nobunzima obuhlukile. Lesi simo siwona obangela izivakashi ezinkulu emagumbini okuphuthumayo, ukungena esibhedlela nokulahlekelwa izinsuku zesikole.

Ngeshwa, ukukhweba kwabantwana akunakwelashwa, futhi izimpawu zingaqhubeka zifike ebuntwini. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okulungile, wena nengane yakho ningagcina izimpawu zilawulwa futhi nivikele ukulimala kwamaphaphu akhula.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-asthma ebuntwaneni zihlanganisa:

• umsindo wokukhukhumela noma wokuhlafuna lapho kuphefumula khona.
• Ukuphefumula kancane.
• Ukungqubuzana noma ukubopha kwesifuba.
• Ukukhokha okuvamile okubi kakhulu uma ingane yakho:
  • Ine-viral infection.
  • Ilele.
  • Iyadlala imidlalo.
  • Isempumalanga ebandayo.

I-asthma yebantwana ingabangela futhi:

• Ubunzima bokuphumula ngenxa yokuphefumula kancane, ukukhokha noma ukukhukhumela.
• Ukukhokha noma ukukhukhumela okuqhubekayo okubi kakhulu ngesikhathi esibandayo noma isifo sikagwayi.
• Ukululama okulile noma i-bronchitis ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokuphumula obuvimba ukudlala noma ukuzivocavoca.
• Ukukhathala, okungabangelwa ukulala okubi.

Izimpawu ze-asthma zihluka kusuka kwingane kuya kwingane futhi zingaba zimbi noma zibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingane yakho ingaba nesimpawu esisodwa kuphela, njengokukhokha okuhlala isikhathi eside noma ukungqubuzana kwesifuba.

Kungaba nzima ukutshela ukuthi izimpawu zengane yakho zibangelwa yi-asthma. Ukukhukhumela nezinye izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma zingabangelwa yi-bronchitis etheleleke noma enye inkinga yokuphefumula.

Yisa ingane yakho kudokotela uma uthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuzosiza ukulawula izimpawu futhi mhlawumbe kuvimbele ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.

Bhalisela izingane zakho uma ubona:

• Ukukhokha okungapheli, okungapheli noma okubonakala kuhlobene nomsebenzi womzimba.
• Ukukhwehlela noma umsindo wokukhwehlela lapho ingane yakho iphefumula.
• Ukuphefumula kancane noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukukhala ngokucindezeleka kwesifuba.
• Izigameko ezilandelayo zokugula okungathiwa yi-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia.

Abantwana abane-asthma bangase bathi izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Isifuba sami siyabukeka" noma "Ngihlale ngikhokha." Lalela ukukhokha kubantwana, okungenzeka kungabavusi, lapho belele. Ukukhala, ukuhleka, ukukhala, noma izimpendulo ezinamandla zomzwelo kanye nokucindezeleka nakho kungase kubangele ukukhokha noma ukukhwehlela.

Uma ingane yakho ibonwe inenkinga yokuphefumula, ukwakha uhlelo lwe-asthma kungakusiza wena nabanye ababambiqhaza ukuqapha izimpawu nokwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenzani uma kuvela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.

Izimbangela ze-asthma yabantwana aziqondakali ngokuphelele. Abanye abalingani abacatshangelwa ukuba bahilelekile bahlanganisa ukuba noku:

• Ukuthambekela ekukhuleni kwe-allergies okuqhubeka emndenini.
• Abazali abane-asthma.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zezifo ze-airway ebusheni kakhulu.
• Ukubhekana nezinto ezingcolisayo ezizungezile, njengotshwala lolugwayi noma olunye ukungcoliswa komoya.

Ukuncipha kokuziphatha kwesistimu yokuzikhusela kubangela ukuba amaphaphu ne-airways zifufe bese zikhiqiza i-mucus lapho zibhekana nezinto ezithile ezikhuthazayo. Ukusebenzelana nenkinga ekuthintayo kungase kube sekugcineni, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda into ekuthintayo. Izinto ezikhuthazayo zihluka kusuka engwaneni kuya kwengane futhi zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njengokubanda okuvamile.
• Ukubhekana nezinto ezingcolisayo zomoya, njengotshwala lolugwayi.
• I-allergies kuma-dust mites, i-pet dander, i-pollen noma i-mold.
• Ukuqina komzimba.
• Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma umoya opholile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-asthma zivela ngaphandle kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezikhuthazayo.

Izici ezingase zikhulise amathuba engane yakho okuba ne-asthma zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhekana nokutshaya utshaba, ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphambili okubangelwa ukungezwani, kuhlanganise nokuqabuka kwesikhumba, ukungezwani kokudla noma i-hay fever, okuthiwa futhi i-allergic rhinitis.
• Umlando womndeni we-asthma noma ukungezwani.
• Ukuhlala endaweni enokungcolisa okuphezulu.
• Ukukhuluphala.
• Izimo zokuphefumula, njengokuqhekeka noma ukuvala kwesinhlungu isikhathi eside, amasinyi avuvukile, noma i-pneumonia.
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• Ukuba owesilisa.
• Ukuba umnyama noma uPuerto Rican.

I-Asthma ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukubhekana nokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-Asthma okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo noma ukunakekelwa esibhedlela.
• Ukuwohloka okungapheli komsebenzi wephunga.
• Ukungabikho esikoleni noma ukusala emuva emsebenzini wesikole.
• Ukulala okubi nokuqeda amandla.
• Izimpawu eziphazamisa ukudlala, imidlalo noma ezinye imisebenzi.

Ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokugwema izinto ezikhuthaza i-asthma yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.

• Khawukhawuleli ukubhebhetheka kwezinto ezikhuthaza i-asthma. Siza ingane yakho ukuba igweme izinto ezingcolisa nomoya oshisayo ezikhuthaza izimpawu ze-asthma.
• Ungavumeli ukubhema eduze kwengane yakho. Ukubhebhetheka umsi wama-thuba ebuntwaneni kuyisici esikhulu sokungena kwe-asthma ebuntwaneni, kanye nesici esivamile sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma.
• Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba isebenze. Uma nje i-asthma yengane yakho ilawulwa kahle, ukuzivocavoca njalo kungasiza amaphaphu ukuba asebenze kahle.
• Bona udokotela wezingane yakho uma kunesidingo. Hlola njalo. Ungaziphikisi izimpawu zokuthi i-asthma yengane yakho ingase ingalawulwa, njengokudinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo. I-asthma iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze ukulungiswa kokwelashwa okudingekayo ukuze ulawule izimpawu.
• Siza ingane yakho ukuba ihlale inobukhulu obuhle. Ukukhuluphala kungenza izimpawu ze-asthma zibe zimbi, futhi kufake ingane yakho engozini yezinye izinkinga zempilo.
• Gcina ukushuba kwesisu kulawulwa. Ukubuyela emuva kwesisu noma ukushuba kwesisu okukhulu kungenza izimpawu ze-asthma yengane yakho zibe zimbi. Ukulawula ukubuyela emuva kwesisu, ingane yakho ingase idinge imithi yokwelapha noma imithi ongayithenga esitolo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Asthma kunganziwa kunzima. Umhlinzeki wezempilo yengane yakho ucabangela izimpawu kanye nokuqheleleka kwazo kanye nomlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho. Ingane yakho ingase idinge ukuhlolwa ukuze kuqothulwe ezinye izimo nokuthola imbangela enokwenzeka kakhulu yezimpawu. Izimo eziningi zobuntwana zingaba nezimpawu ezifanayo nalezo ezihambisana ne-asthma. Ukuze kube nzima kakhulu ukuxilongwa, lezi zimo zihlala zivele ne-asthma. Ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wezingane zakho kuzofanele aqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu zengane yakho zibangelwa yi-asthma, isimo esingeyona i-asthma, noma kokubili i-asthma nesimo esinye. Izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma zihlanganisa: Ingane yakho ingase idinge le mihlola elandelayo: Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-Lung, okuthiwa futhi yi-spirometry. Abahlinzeki bezempilo baxilonga i-asthma ezinganeni ngemiqondo efanayo esetshenziswa ekutholeni isifo kwabantu abadala. I-Spirometry iqapha ukuthi ingane yakho ingakhipha umoya kangakanani nokuthi ngokushesha kangakanani. Ingane yakho ingase ibe nemihlola yokusebenza kwe-lung ekuphumuleni, ngemva kokuzivocavoca nangemuva kokuthatha imithi ye-asthma. Enye i-lung function test yi-brochoprovocation. Sebenzisa i-spirometry, lo mviwo uqapha indlela amaphaphu asabela ngayo ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo, njengokuvivinya umzimba noma ukubhekana nomoya opholile. Le mihlola ye-asthma ayinambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambambamb

Ukwelapha okuqala kuncike ebukhali be-asthma yengane yakho. Umgomo wokwelapha i-asthma ukugcina izimpawu zilawulwa, okusho ukuthi ingane yakho inazo:

Ukuphatha i-asthma kuhilela kokubili ukuvimbela izimpawu nokuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okusebenza. Imithi efanele ingane yakho ixhomeke ezintweni ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi:

Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3 abanempawu ezilula ze-asthma, umhlinzeki wakho angase asebenzise indlela yokulinda nokubona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imiphumela yesikhathi eside yemithi ye-asthma kubantwana abasebancane ayicaci.

Kodwa-ke, uma ingane noma umntwana omncane enezigameko zokukhwehlela eziqhutshwayo noma ezinzima, umhlinzeki wezempilo angase abele imithi ukuze abone ukuthi iyathuthukisa yini izimpawu.

Imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside, evimbela, inquma ukuvuvukala emizileni yomoya yengane yakho okuholela ezimpawu. Ezimweni eziningi, le mi thi kufanele ithathe nsuku zonke.

Izinhlobo zemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside zifaka:

I-corticosteroids ephuzwayo. Le mi thi ihlanganisa i-fluticasone (Flovent Diskus), i-budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler), i-mometasone (Asmanex HFA), i-ciclesonide (Alvesco), i-beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler) nabanye. Ingane yakho ingase idinge ukusebenzisa le mi thi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emaviki ngaphambi kokuthola inzuzo ephelele.

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwale mi thi kuye kwahambisana nokukhula okuhamba kancane ezinganeni, kodwa umphumela mncane. Ezimweni eziningi, izinzuzo zokulawula okuhle kwe-asthma zidlula ingozi yemiphumela emibi engenzeka.

I-inhalers ehlanganisiwe. Le mi thi iqukethe i-corticosteroid ephuzwayo kanye ne-beta agonist esebenza isikhathi eside (LABA). Ihlanganisa i-fluticasone ne-salmeterol (Advair Diskus), i-budesonide ne-formoterol (Symbicort), i-fluticasone ne-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta), ne-mometasone ne-formoterol (Dulera).

Ezimweni ezithile, i-beta agonists esebenza isikhathi eside iye yahlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okunzima. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imithi ye-beta agonist esebenza isikhathi eside (LABA) kufanele ihlale inikezwa ingane ene-inhaler ephinde iqukethe i-corticosteroid. Le mi-inhaler ehlanganisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela kwe-asthma engalawulwa kahle eminye imithi.

Imithi yokukhulula ngokushesha ivula ngokushesha izindlela zomoya ezivuvukile. Ibizwa nangokuthi imithi yokutakula, imithi yokukhulula ngokushesha isetshenziswa njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqedeke ngokushesha, ukukhululeka kwezimpawu zesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma - noma ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca uma umhlinzeki wezempilo wengane yakho ekukhuthaza.

Izinhlobo zemithi yokukhulula ngokushesha zifaka:

Uma i-asthma yengane yakho iqhutshwa noma ibiyelwe ukungezwani, ingane yakho ingase izuze ekwelapheni ukungezwani, njengokulandelayo, futhi:

Imithi yokulawula i-asthma yesikhathi eside njenge-corticosteroids ephuzwayo iyisisekelo sokwelapha i-asthma. Le mi thi igcina i-asthma ilawulwa futhi yenza kube nzima ukuba ingane yakho ibe nokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.

Uma ingane yakho inokuqhuma kwe-asthma, i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha, ebizwa nangokuthi i-rescue, ingaqeda izimpawu ngokushesha. Kodwa uma imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside isebenza kahle, ingane yakho akufanele idinge ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo.

Gcina umbhalo wokuthi ingane yakho isebenzisa ama-puffs amangaki masonto onke. Uma ingane yakho idinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo, bheka umhlinzeki wezempilo. Cishe uzodinga ukulungisa imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside yengane yakho.

Imithi yokulawula isikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside ephuzwayo isetshenziswa ngokuphefumula inani lemithi elilinganiselwe.

Sebenza nomhlinzeki wezempilo wengane yakho ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma olulotshwe. Lokhu kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho ine-asthma enzima. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma lungakusiza wena nengane yakho:

Abantwana abanokubambisana nokuqonda okwanele bangase basebenzise idivayisi yesandla ukuze balinganise ukuthi baphefumula kangcono kangakanani. Le divayisi ibizwa nge-peak flow meter. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma olulotshwe lungakusiza wena nengane yakho ukuba nikhumbule ukuthi yini okufanele niyenze uma ukulinganisa kwe-peak flow kufinyelela ezingeni elithile.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenzisa ukulinganisa kwe-peak flow kanye nezimpawu ukuhlukanisa i-asthma yengane yakho zibe yizona, njengendawo eluhlaza, indawo ephuzi nendawo ebomvu. Lezi zindawo zihambisana nezimpawu ezilawulwa kahle, izimpawu ezilawulwa ngokulinganayo nezimpawu ezingalawulwa kahle. Lokhu kwenza ukulandelela i-asthma yengane yakho kube lula.

Izimpawu zengane yakho nezici zizohlala zishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Qaphela izimpawu futhi sisebenze nomhlinzeki wezempilo wengane yakho ukulungisa imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Uma izimpawu zengane yakho zilawulwa ngokuphelele isikhathi esithile, umhlinzeki wengane yakho angase akhuthaze ukunciphisa imithamo noma ukuyeka imithi ye-asthma. Lokhu kuwaziwa njengokwelapha ukwehla. Uma i-asthma yengane yakho ingalawulwa kahle, umhlinzeki angase afune ukwandisa, ukushintsha noma ukwengeza imithi. Lokhu kuwaziwa njengokwelapha ukunyuka.

• Izimpawu ezincane noma azikho.

• Ukukhanya okuncane noma okungekho kwe-asthma.

• Azikho izikhawuzo emisebenzini yomzimba noma ekuzivocavoca.

• Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-inhalers yokukhulula ngokushesha, njenge-albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, nabanye). Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi i-rescue inhalers.

• Izimpawu ezimbalwa noma azikho ezivela emithi.

• Iminyaka.

• Izimpawu.

• Izici ze-asthma.

• Okubonakala sengathi kusebenza kangcono ukugcina i-asthma yengane yakho ilawulwa.

• I-corticosteroids ephuzwayo. Le mi thi ihlanganisa i-fluticasone (Flovent Diskus), i-budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler), i-mometasone (Asmanex HFA), i-ciclesonide (Alvesco), i-beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler) nabanye. Ingane yakho ingase idinge ukusebenzisa le mi thi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emaviki ngaphambi kokuthola inzuzo ephelele.

  Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwale mi thi kuye kwahambisana nokukhula okuhamba kancane ezinganeni, kodwa umphumela mncane. Ezimweni eziningi, izinzuzo zokulawula okuhle kwe-asthma zidlula ingozi yemiphumela emibi engenzeka.

• Abaguquli be-Leukotriene. Le mi thi yomlomo ihlanganisa i-montelukast (Singulair), i-zafirlukast (Accolate) ne-zileuton (Zyflo). Iyasiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma kuze kube amahora angu-24.

• I-inhalers ehlanganisiwe. Le mi thi iqukethe i-corticosteroid ephuzwayo kanye ne-beta agonist esebenza isikhathi eside (LABA). Ihlanganisa i-fluticasone ne-salmeterol (Advair Diskus), i-budesonide ne-formoterol (Symbicort), i-fluticasone ne-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta), ne-mometasone ne-formoterol (Dulera).

  Ezimweni ezithile, i-beta agonists esebenza isikhathi eside iye yahlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okunzima. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imithi ye-beta agonist esebenza isikhathi eside (LABA) kufanele ihlale inikezwa ingane ene-inhaler ephinde iqukethe i-corticosteroid. Le mi-inhaler ehlanganisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela kwe-asthma engalawulwa kahle eminye imithi.

• I-Theophylline (Theo-24). Lena yipilisi yansuku zonke esiza ukugcina izindlela zomoya zivulekile. I-Theophylline iphumula imisipha ezungezile izindlela zomoya ukwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ne-steroids ephuzwayo. Abantwana abathatha le mithi kudingeka bahlolwe igazi njalo.

• Izinhlobo zokulwa nokuvuvukala. I-Mepolizumab (Nucala), i-dupilumab (Dupixent) ne-benralizumab (Fasenra) kungase kufaneleke kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 abanesi-asthma esinzima se-eosinophilic. I-Omalizumab (Xolair) ingacatshangelwa kubantwana abaneminyaka engu-6 noma ngaphezulu abanesi-asthma esinzima sokungezwani.

• I-beta agonists esebenza isikhathi esifushane. Le mi thi yemithi ye-bronchodilator ephuzwayo ingaqeda izimpawu ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Ihlanganisa i-albuterol ne-levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA). Le mi thi isebenza ngaphakathi kwamaminithi, futhi imiphumela ihlala amahora amaningana.

• I-corticosteroids yomlomo ne-intravenous. Le mi thi iyasusa ukuvuvukala kwemizila yomoya okubangelwa yi-asthma enzima. Isibonelo sihlanganisa i-prednisone ne-methylprednisolone. Zingabangela imiphumela emibi enzima uma zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke zisetshenziswa kuphela ukwelapha izimpawu ze-asthma ezinzima ngesikhathi esifushane.

• I-Omalizumab. Le mithi ibalelwe kubantu abanokungezwani ne-asthma enzima. Inciphisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba ekubeni nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani, njengophuli, izikhwani zethusi nezilwane zasekhaya. I-Omalizumab inikezwa ngokuqhuma njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-4.

• Imithi yokungezwani. Le mi thi ihlanganisa i-antihistamines yomlomo ne-nasal spray kanye ne-decongestants kanye ne-corticosteroid, i-cromolyn ne-ipratropium nasal sprays.

• I-shots yokungezwani, ebizwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy. Ukugomela kwe-immunotherapy kuvame ukunikwa kanye ngesonto izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese kanye ngenyanga isikhathi esingama-3 kuya kwangu-5 eminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane kunciphisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba yengane yakho ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani.

• Abantwana abadala nabasakhulayo bangase basebenzise idivayisi encane, yesandla ebizwa nge-pressurized metered dose inhaler noma i-inhaler ekhipha uthuli oluhle.

• Abantwana abasebancane nabantwana abancane badinga ukusebenzisa i-mask yobuso ehlanganisiwe ne-metered dose inhaler noma i-nebulizer ukuze bathole inani elifanele lemithi.

• Izingane zidinga ukusebenzisa idivayisi eguqula imithi eyi-liquid ibe yi-droplets enhle, ebizwa nge-nebulizer. Ubaba wakho ugcina i-mask yobuso futhi uphefumula njalo ngenkathi i-nebulizer inikeza inani elifanele lemithi.

• Qaphela ukuthi nini udinga ukulungisa imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside.

• Thola ukuthi ukwelapha kusebenza kangcono kangakanani.

• Qaphela izimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-asthma futhi wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka.

• Yazi ukuthi nini kufanele ubizane nomhlinzeki wezempilo noma ucele usizo oluphuthumayo.