Ukuhlupheka Ngokwengqondo Kwabantwana Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwabantwana kuyisimo esingavamile kodwa esibuhlungu sempilo yengqondo esithinta indlela umntwana acabanga, azizwe, futhi aqonde ngayo iqiniso. Lesi simo sihilela izimpawu ezinjengokuzwa izwi, ukukhohlisa, nokucabanga okungahleliwe okuthinta kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke yomntwana nokuthuthuka kwakhe.

Nakuba igama elithi "ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo" lingase lizwakale liyesabeka, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngokwelashwa okulungile nokwesekwa, abantwana abanesimo esinjalo bangaphila impilo enenjongo. Ukuqaphela nokungenela kwasekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusizini abantwana ukuba baphathe izimpawu zabo futhi baqhubeke bekhula nokufunda.

Ukuhlupheka Ngokwengqondo Kwabantwana Yini?

Ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwabantwana kufana nesimo sabantu abadala, kodwa kuvela ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-13. Kuthinta abantwana abangaphansi kuka-1 ku-10,000, okwenza kube yingxenye encane kakhulu kunokuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwabantu abadala.

Lesi simo siyaphazamisa ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile kobuchopho bomntwana, okuthinta ikhono labo lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okuyiqiniso nalokho okungeyona iqiniso. Abantwana abane-schizophrenia bangase bezwe izwi, babone izinto ezingapheki, noma babe nokukholelwa okungafani neqiniso.

Ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kuvela ngokushesha, kubaba sibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi akukho themba - kusho nje ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphelele nokwesekwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni umntwana ukuba aphumelele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwabantwana?

Ukuqaphela izimpawu kubantwana kungaba inselele ngoba ezinye izenzo zingase zibonakale njengokulingisa okujwayelekile kwabantwana noma izigaba zokuthuthuka. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlupheka ngokwengqondo ziyaqhubeka, zibuhlungu, futhi zivimbela ikhono lomntwana lokusebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Ake sibheke izigaba eziyinhloko zezimpawu ongaziqaphela:

Izimpawu ezinhle (izipili ezingavamile ukuvela)

• Ukubona izinto ezingabonakali: Ingane yakho ingase izwe izwi, ibone abantu noma izinto ezingekho khona, noma izwe imizwa olukhuni
• Ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso: Ingase ibe nokukholelwa okuqinile okungelona iqiniso, njengokucinga ukuthi othile uzama ukuyilimaza
• Inkulumo engahleliwe: Izingxoxo zayo zingase zigxume kusuka kwesinye isihloko siye kwesinye ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile
• Ukuziphatha okungahleliwe: Ingase izenze ngezindlela ezibukeka zingeqile noma ezingafanele isimo

Izimpawu ezimbi (ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okuvamile)

• Ukuncipha kokubonisa imizwelo: Ingane yakho ingase ibonakale ihlala phansi noma ingenamizwelo, ngisho nasezimweni ezingayenza ijabule noma idumazeke ngokuvamile
• Ukuncipha kokukhuthazela: Ingase ilahle isithakazelo emisebenzini eyayiyithanda ngaphambili
• Ukukhipha ekuhlanganyeleni komphakathi: Ingase ihlukane nomndeni nabangane
• Inkulumo encishisiwe: Ingase ikhulume kancane kakhulu kunangaphambili noma inikeze izimpendulo ezifushane kakhulu

Izimpawu ezihlobene nokuqonda

• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile: Ingane yakho ingase ihlupheke ukuhlala igxile emsebenzini wesikole noma ezingxoxweni
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula: Ingase ibe nobunzima bokuqonda izinto eziqale nje ukwenzeka
• Ubunzima bokuqonda izinkinga: Imisebenzi elula eyayilula ngaphambili ingase ibe inselele

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni esikhundleni sokuvela ngokuzumayo. Uma uqaphela izimpawu eziningi zalezi zihlala izinsuku eziningi, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho.

Yini ebangela isikiwofu sobuntwana?

Imbangela eqondile yesikiwofu sobuntwana ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela ekuhlanganiseni izici zezinto eziphilayo, ubuchopho, nezimo ezingqongile. Akukho lutho olulodwa oluyimbangela yalesi simo - kufana nezingcezu zephazili eziningi ezihlangana ndawonye.

Nawa amaphuzu amakulu abalulekile abafundi bezesayensi abawabonile:

Izici ze-genetic

Ukuba nomuntu womndeni onalesifo se-schizophrenia kukwandisa ingozi, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi ingane izophumelela lesi simo. Ngisho noma bobabili abazali benesifo se-schizophrenia, izingane eziningi ngeke zithole lesi sifo.

Ukwahluka okukhethekile kwe-genetic kungenza ezinye izingane zibe sengozini kakhulu yokuthola isifo se-schizophrenia uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izici ezingozi. Cabanga nge-genetics njengokudala ithuba kunokuba kuqinisekile.

Ukwahluka ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho

Izingane ezinesifo se-schizophrenia zivame ukukhombisa ukwahluka kwesakhiwo nokuqina kobuchopho. Lezi zinguquko zingase zibe khona kusukela ekuzalweni noma zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izindawo zobuchopho ezibhekene nokucabanga, ukukhumbula, nokuqonda zingase zithuthuke ngokuhlukile ezinganeni ezizophumelela isifo se-schizophrenia kamuva. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta indlela ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo imininingwane kanye nemiphumela.

Izici zezimo ezingqongile

Ezinye izipiliyoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ebuntwaneni bangase bakhulise ingozi uma kuhlanganiswa nobuthakathaka be-genetic:

• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ekuzalweni
• Ukuvezwa kuma-virus noma ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuhlupheka okukhulu noma ukulimala ebuntwaneni
• Ukungahlali kahle kokudla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi abazali ababangeli isifo se-schizophrenia sengane yabo ngokukhulisa kwabo noma nganoma yiziphi izenzo ezithile. Lesi simo sithuthuka ngenxa yezici eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphandle kokulawula komuntu.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngesifo se-schizophrenia sobuntwana?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezingane zakho uma ubona izinguquko eziqhubekayo ekuziphatheni kwazo, ekucabangeni, noma ekuqondeni kwazo okuhlala amasonto amaningana. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumeni kwengane yakho.

Cabanga ngokuxhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma ingane yakho ibhekene nalokhu:

• Ukubona izinto ezingabonakali noma ukukhuluma ngokuzwa izwi
• Ukukholelwa ngamandla ezintweni ezingaqondakali
• Ukushintsha okukhulu emandleni abo okucabanga ngokucacile noma ukuxhumana
• Ukudedela okukhulu emisebenzini nasebuhlotsheni
• Ukuwa okukhulu ekusebenzeni esikoleni noma ekunakekeleni kwabo

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyaphucuka ngokwazo. Isimo sengqondo kubantwana sivame ukudinga ukusekelwa kochwepheshe ukuze kuphathwe kahle.

Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma ngokufuna ukuzilimaza noma ukulimaza abanye, noma uma kubonakala sengathi isengozini enkulu, funa ukunakekelwa kwengqondo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlale kuyisinqumo esifanele uma ukuphepha kuyinkinga.

Iyini ingozi yokuthi umntwana abe nesifo se-schizophrenia?

Ukuqonda izimbangela zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nini kufanele uqaphele impilo yengqondo yengane yakho. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezimbangela zengozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izothola i-schizophrenia.

Nawa amaphuzu angenza ingozi yokuthola i-schizophrenia ebuntwaneni ikhuphuke:

Umlando womndeni

Ukuba nomzali noma umfowabo one-schizophrenia kukhuphula ingozi, yize abantwana abaningi abanamalungu omndeni abathintekayo abayitholi leyo simo. Ingozi iphakama uma amalungu omndeni amaningi enesifo se-schizophrenia noma ezinye izimo ezinzima zengqondo.

Izici zangaphambi kokuzalwa nezokuzalwa

• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ekuzalweni
• Ukubonisana komzali ngezifo ezithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukondleka okubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esincane sokuzalwa

Izici zokukhula kwasekuqaleni

Abanye abantwana abaqeda beba ne-schizophrenia babonisa izimpawu zokuqala zokwehluka kokukhula. Lokhu kungafaka ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma, amakhono omoya, noma intuthuko yomphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, abantwana abaningi abanokubambezeleka kokukhula abayitholi i-schizophrenia, ngakho-ke lezi zici zokuqala azibikezeli lesi simo ngokwazo.

Izimo ezingavamile zezakhiwo

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile zezakhiwo, njengokuhluleka kwe-22q11.2, kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-schizophrenia. Abantwana abanezi zimo badinga ukunakekelwa okucophelelayo ngabasebenzi bezempilo.

Khumbula ukuthi izimbangela zingozi zisiza nje odokotela ukuqonda ukuthi ubani ongazuza ekuqaphelweni okuqinile. Azikunqumi ikusasa lomntanakho noma ziqinisekise noma iyiphi imiphumela ethile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-schizophrenia yabantwana?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, i-schizophrenia yabantwana ingabangela izinselele ezinkulu ezithinta izindawo eziningi zokuphila komntanakho. Noma kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwesekwa, eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe.

Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho izinhlanganisela zingase zithuthuke khona:

Ubunzima bezemfundo nezenhlalo

Abantwana abangenayo i-schizophrenia bavame ukulwa esikoleni ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlushwa, ukuzwa izinto ezingekho khona, noma ukucabanga okungahambi kahle. Bangase futhi babe nobunzima bokuhlala ubungane noma ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezenhlalo.

Lezi zinselele zingabangela ukulandelela emuva ngokwemfundo noma ukuhlukaniswa nabalingani. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni nokusekelwa esikoleni kungasiza ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga ezingabi nzima kakhulu.

Ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha nokuphepha

Abanye abantwana bangase bathuthukise ukuziphatha okunobudlova noma bahlanganyele emisebenzini engozi ngenxa yezimpawu zabo. Abanye bangase banakekele ubuhlanzeko babo bomuntu siqu noma ukuphepha ngenxa yokucabanga okungahambi kahle.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantwana bangase bazilimaze noma abanye, ikakhulu uma behlushwa ukubona izinto ezingekho khona noma ukukhohlisa. Kungakho ukwelashwa kwezobuchwepheshe kubaluleke kangaka.

Uxinzelelo lwentsapho nokuhlupheka

Ukukhathalela umntwana one-schizophrenia kungakhathaza ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba imindeni. Abazalwane bangase bazizwe bengaqaphelwa noma badida ngokuziphatha komfowabo noma dodadwebo.

Ukwelashwa komndeni namaqembu wokusekela kungasiza wonke umuntu emndenini ukuqonda isimo futhi athuthukise amasu okubhekana nezimo ngendlela enempilo ndawonye.

Imiphumela yokuthuthuka isikhathi eside

Uma i-schizophrenia ivela ngokushesha, ingaphazamisa ukuthuthuka kobuchopho obuqondile nokufunda. Kungakho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ikusasa lengane yakho.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantwana abaningi abane-schizophrenia bangqhubeka bethuthukisa amakhono obomi abalulekile futhi bagcine ubuhlobo obukhulu ekuphileni kwabo.

I-schizophrenia yobudwana ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-schizophrenia yobudwana kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abaqeqeshwe ukusebenza nezingane. Ayikho i-test eyodwa ye-schizophrenia - esikhundleni salokho, odokotela basebenzisa izingxoxo ezinemininingwane, ukuqaphela, kanye nokuhlola.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba:

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezempilo yengqondo

Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo yabantwana noma umqeqeshi wezengqondo uzokwenza izingxoxo ezinemininingwane nawe nengane yakho. Bazokuhlupha ngezimpawu, lapho zaqala khona, nokuthi zithinta kanjani impilo yansuku zonke.

Udokotela uzobona futhi ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, izindlela zokukhuluma, kanye nezinqubo zokucabanga ngesikhathi salezi zihlangano. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuqonda ubukhulu nobuntu bezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha

Ingane yakho izodinga ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu ukuze kuqale izimo zezokwelapha ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo. Ukutheleleka okuthile, ukulimala kobuchopho, noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ngezinye izikhathi zingafana nezimpawu ze-schizophrenia.

Udokotela angase futhi ahlole umlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho nanoma yimiphi imithi abayithathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho oluthile oluthinta izimpawu zabo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezengqondo

Izivivinyo ezikhethekile zingasiza ekuhlolweni kwamandla okucabanga, inkumbulo, kanye nokuqonda kwengane yakho. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi isimo siyamthinta kanjani umsebenzi wokucinga kwengane yakho.

Imiphumela iphinde inikeze isisekelo sokulandelela ukuthuthuka ngokwelashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukubhekwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-schizophrenia kufanele ziqhubeke okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa, odokotela bavame ukulandelela izingane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa okugcina. Le ndlela eqaphelayo iyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba futhi ivikela ukuxilongwa okungalungile.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingane yakho ingase ithole ukwelashwa okusekayo ukuze kusizwe ekulawuleni izimpawu ngenkathi inqubo yokuxilongwa iqhubeka.

Iyini impilo ye-schizophrenia yabantwana?

Ukuphathwa kwe-schizophrenia yabantwana kuvame ukubandakanya ukuxubana kwemithi, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela. Umgomo ukunciphisa izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokusiza ingane yakho ukuba iphile ukuphila okujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Nanku lokho ukwelashwa okuhleliwe okuvamise ukubandakanya:

Imithi

Imithi ye-antipsychotic iyilona ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-schizophrenia. Le mithi iyasiza ekuthambiseni ukuzwa izinto ezingelona iqiniso, ukukhohlisa, kanye nokucabanga okungahambi kahle.

Udokotela wengane yakho uzoqala ngenani eliphansi lemithi ephumelelayo futhi alandelele eduze imiphumela emibi. Ukufumana imithi efanele kanye nenani kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi nokubekezela.

Imiphumela emibi evamile ingafaka ukwanda kobunzima bomzimba, ukulala, noma izinkinga zokunyakaza. Udokotela wakho uzosisebenzisana nawe ukuze ulawule le miphumela ngenkathi ugcina ukulawula izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye

I-Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ingasiza ingane yakho ukuthi iqonde isimo sayo futhi ithuthukise amasu okumelana. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lufundisa amakhono asebenzayo okulawula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.

Umdlalo wokwelapha noma ezinye izindlela ezifanele iminyaka yengane zingase zisetshenziswe kubantwana abancane. Uchwepheshe wokwelapha uzokwenza uhlelo olufanele izinga lokukhula lengane kanye nezidingo zayo ezithile.

Ukwelapha umndeni

Ukwelapha umndeni kusiza wonke umuntu endlini yenu ukuqonda isikiyazimu futhi afunde ukuthi angayisekela kanjani ingane yakho ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka komndeni futhi kuthuthukise ukuxhumana.

Uzofunda amasu okuphatha ukuziphatha okuyinselele nokudala indawo yasekhaya enesekelo. Abanye abantwana bakho nabo bayoba nethuba lokubuza imibuzo nokubonisa imizwa yabo.

Ukusekelwa esikoleni

Ukusebenzisana nesikole sengane yakho kubalulekile ekufundeni kwayo okuqhubekayo nokukhuleni komphakathi. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwakha uhlelo lokufunda oluqondene nomuntu (IEP) noma uhlelo lwe-504.

Ukwenza izinto ngendlela ekhethekile kungase kuhilele isikhathi esengeziwe sezivivinyo, indawo ethule yokusebenza, noma izabelo eziguquliwe. Umgomo ukusisiza ingane yakho iphumelele ngokufunda ngenkathi ilawula izimpawu zayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi

Abantwana abaningi abanesikiyazimu bayazuza emizameni ehleliwe efundisa amakhono omphakathi futhi ibasize baxhumane nabalingani babo. Lezi zinhlelo zingavimbela ukuhlukaniswa nokwenza ubuhlobo bube ngcono.

Ukwelapha kweqembu nabanye abantwana ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo kungabuye kunikeze ukwesekwa okuyigugu kwabalingani nokuqonda.

Indlela yokunikeza ukwesekwa ekhaya ngesikhathi sesikiyazimu sobuntwana?

Ukudala indawo yasekhaya enesekelo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekululameni kwengane yakho nasempilweni yayo eqhubekayo. Uthando lwakho, isineke, nokuqonda kwenza umehluko omkhulu ehambweni layo.

Nawa amasu asebenzayo okusekela ingane yakho ekhaya:

Gcina amasiko nohlelo

Abantwana abanesikiyazimu bavame ukuzuza emikhakheni yansuku zonke ebingakanani. Izikhathi zokudla, izikhathi zokulala, nama-ajenda wemisebenzi angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathazeka nokwenza imisebenzi ibe ngcono.

Gcina izindlela zakho zokuphila ziguquguquka ngokwanele ukuze zilungele izidingo zengane yakho ngesikhathi uhlinzeka ngokuzinzile okudingayo. Lokhu kungasho ukulungisa izilinganiso phakathi nezinkathi ezinzima.

Dala indawo ethulile

Nciphise ukucindezeleka nokukhuthazwa ngokweqile ekhaya lakho uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kungasho ukugcina amazinga omsindo ephansi, ukulinganisela izivakashi ngezikhathi ezinzima, noma ukudala indawo ethulile lapho ingane yakho ingabalekela khona.

Kodwa-ke, ungayikhiphi ingane yakho ngokuphelele - isadinga ukusebenzelana nomndeni nemisebenzi efanele iminyaka ukuze iqhubeke ithuthuka ngokomphakathi.

Khuthaza ukulandela imithi

Siza ingane yakho ukuthi iqonde ukuthi kungani imithi yayo ibalulekile futhi sisebenze nayo ukuthi iyithathe njalo. Ungase usebenzise abahlanganisi bemithi, izikhumbuzo, noma izinhlelo zokuvuza ukuze lokhu kube lula.

Ungalokothi ushintshe noma uyeke imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wengane yakho, ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zithuthuka. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemithi kubalulekile ekuvimbeni ukubuyela emuva.

Xhumana ngokukhululekile nangokuthula

Khuluma nengane yakho ngamava ayo ngaphandle kokwahlulela noma ukwesaba. Uma ihlushwa yizithombe ezingaqondakali, vuma imizwa yayo ngesikhathi uyisiqondisa kancane ekuphileni kwangempela.

Sebenzisa ulimi olucacile, oluqondile futhi ugweme ukuphikisana ngamaphupho. Esikhundleni salokho, gxila endleleni ezizwa ngayo nokuthi yini engayisiza ukuba izizwe iphephile noma ikhululekile.

Qapha izimpawu zezexwayiso

Funda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokuthi izimpawu zengane yakho zingase zibe zimbi. Lokhu kungafaka ukushintsha kwemizamo yokulala, ukukhipha okwandayo, noma ukubuyela kwezithombe ezingaqondakali.

Gcina iphepha lokuqopha izimpawu nezici zokuthinta ukuze uhlanganyele neqembu lokwelashwa lengane yakho. Ulwazi olufana nolu lusiza odokotela ukulungisa izinhlelo zokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani izikhathi zakho zokubona udokotela?

Ukuba ulungile ngezikhathi zokubona udokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa okuhle kunakho konke. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza futhi ukuba uzizwe uqinile futhi ulawula ngesikhathi sokufaka izingcindezi.

Nawa indlela yokusebenzisa kahle izikhathi zakho zokubonisana:

Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane

Bhala izibonelo ezithile zezimpawu, kufaka phakathi ukuthi kwenzekani, lapho kwenzeka khona, nokuthi kuhlale isikhathi esingakanani. Faka kokubili ukuziphatha okukhathazayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuhle.

Landelela imiphumela yemithi, kufaka phakathi noma yiziphi izingozi ezihlangothini ozibona. Qaphela isikhathi sezingxenye kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi ephuthelwe.

Lungisa imibuzo yakho