Iyini i-Cholera? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Cholera yisifo esithathelwana ngamanzi esibangela ukukhuluphala okukhulu nokulahlekelwa amanzi uma usebenzisa amanzi noma ukudla okungcolile. Lokhu kutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya kwasakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezingcolile, kodwa kuphekwa kalula uma kubanjwa ngokushesha.

Nakuba i-cholera ingase izwakale iyesabekayo, ukuqonda amaqiniso kungakusiza uhlale uvilikile futhi wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenzani uma kwenzeka ukutholakala. Abantu abaningi abathola ukwelashwa okuqondile baphila kahle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Iyini i-Cholera?

I-Cholera ukutheleleka okukhulu kokukhuluphala okubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa nge-Vibrio cholerae. Leli gciwane lincane likhiqiza ubuthi obenza amabele akho akhiphe amanzi amaningi namanzi.

Lesi sifo siye saba khona amashumi eminyaka futhi sisathinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye. Noma kunjalo, kuyinto engavamile emazweni athuthukile anemisila emihle yokwelapha amanzi nokubulala amagciwane.

Izigameko eziningi ze-cholera namuhla zenzeka ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika, eNingizimu Asia, nasezindaweni ezithintekile yizinhlekelele zemvelo noma ukungqubuzana. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-cholera iphendula kahle ekwelapheni okulula lapho kunokunakekelwa okutholakalayo.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Cholera?

Izimpawu ze-cholera zingaba ezincinyane kuya ezinkulu, futhi ngokuvamile zivele emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokutheleleka. Abantu abaningi babhekana nezimpawu ezilula noma abanawo nhlobo.

Nawa ama-zimpawu oyengase uwabone:

• Ukuqala ngokushesha kokukhuluphala okunamanzi okubukeka njengamanzi orayisi
• Ukugabha okuza ngamaza
• Ukulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha ngokomelela okukhulu
• Ukuqina kwemisipha, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni nasemathunjini
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphansi kanye nesivinini sokubetha kwenhliziyo
• Umlomo owomile nama-saliva ancamathelayo
• Ukukhiqizwa kancane noma akukho manzi

Uphawu olukhulu ukukhuluphala okuningi, okunamanzi okungabangela ukulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwelitha yamanzi ngehora. Lokhu kulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha yilokho okwenza i-cholera ibe yingozi uma ingalashwa.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezingavamile njengobunzima obukhulu besisu, ukushisa, noma isikhumba esisalala lapho sicindezelwa. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukukhombisa ukulahlekelwa amanzi okuphambili.

Yini ebangela i-Cholera?

I-Cholera ibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Vibrio cholerae, oyithola kuphela ngokusebenzisa amanzi noma ukudla okungcolile. Amabhaktheriya awasakazeki ngokuxhumana okuvamile phakathi kwabantu.

Nawa ama-indlela avamile abantu abathinteka ngayo:

• Ukusebenzisa amanzi angaphathwe emithonjeni, emifuleni, noma emachibini
• Ukudla ukudla kolwandle okungaphekwe noma okungaphekwe kahle emanzini angcolile
• Ukudla imifino eluhlaza egeziwe emanzini angcolile
• Ukudla ukudla okulungiswe umuntu ongaphuli izandla
• Ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile ekuphekeni noma ukwenza uqhwa
• Ukungahlanzeki okubi okuhlanganisa amanzi amnyama nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza

Amabhaktheriya akhula emanzini ashisayo, asehlathini futhi angakhula ngokushesha ekudleni okushiywe ezingeni lokushisa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi udinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamabhaktheriya ukuze ube nomkhuhlane. I-asidi yesisu yakho ibulawa amabhaktheriya amaningi e-cholera, kodwa izimo ezithile njengokusebenzisa ama-antacids noma ukuba ne-asidi yesisu ephansi kungandisa ingozi yakho.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Cholera?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubhekana nokukhuluphala okukhulu nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuhamba ezindaweni lapho i-cholera ivamile khona. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga ezingathí sina.

Xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha uma ubona lezi zimpawu zexwayiso:

• Ukukhuluphala okunqamula izingubo eziningi
• Ukugabha okukuvimbela ekugcineni amanzi
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu njengokukhungatheka noma ukudideka
• Ukuqina kwemisipha okungapheli
• Ukufika kancane noma akukho manzi okuningi amahora amaningana
• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu noma ukukhathala

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa. I-Cholera ingathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi lokho okuqala njengezimpawu ezilawuleka kungaba yingozi eyingozi emahoreni ambalwa ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamanzi okuqondile.

Uma usanda kuhamba ezindaweni ezaziwa ngokuba khona kwe-cholera, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuba benze ukuxilongwa okusheshayo futhi baqale ukwelashwa okuqondile.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Cholera?

Isimo esithile nezimo zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-cholera. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma kudingeka.

Izici zengozi ezihlobene nokuhamba zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvakashela izindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu e-cholera
• Ukuya ezindaweni ezingenayo inhlanzeko yamanzi
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezithintekile yizinhlekelele zemvelo
• Ukuhlala emakamu abaleki noma ezimweni ezikhulu

Izici zempilo yomuntu ezingase zikhulise ingozi:

• Ukuba ne-asidi yesisu ephansi evela emithi noma ezimweni zezokwelapha
• Ukuhlala ne-HIV noma ezinye izifo zesimiso somzimba
• Ukuba negazi le-O, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kungase kukhulise ukutholakala
• Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile ephansi i-asidi yesisu

Izici zemvelo nazo zidlalela indima, njengokuphila ezindaweni zasehlathini lapho i-Vibrio cholerae ivela khona noma ezindaweni lapho imfucuza yabantu ihlangana khona nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Cholera?

Nakuba i-cholera iphekwa, ukulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha kungabangela izinkinga ezingathí sina uma kungaxazululwa ngokushesha. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinkinga ezivamile zivela ekunciphile amanzi okukhulu:

• Ukuzamazama komzimba ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi ngenxa yokunciphisa ukugcwala kwegazi
• I-shuga egazi ephansi, ikakhulukazi kubantwana
• Amazinga e-potassium aphansi abangela izinkinga zesivinini senhliziyo
• Ukuhlushwa ngenxa yokungalingani kwama-electrolyte

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathí sina zihlanganisa:

• I-coma ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abanesimo senhliziyo
• Ubunzima bokuthanda ngenxa yokungalingani kwamanzi
• Ukukhula kwengqondo ezimweni ezinzima

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa okuqondile kokufakwa kwamanzi. Abantu abaningi abamukela ukwelashwa okuqondile baphila kahle ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Abantwana nabantu abadala banengozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ngoba bangase bahluleke amanzi ngokushesha kunabantu abadala abaphilile.

I-Cholera Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-cholera kugxile ekugwemeni amanzi angcolile nemithombo yokudla. Izinyathelo ezilula zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-cholera ivela khona.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha kwamanzi zihlanganisa:

• Phuza amanzi abotshwe, abilisiwe, noma aphathwe ngamakhemikhali kuphela
• Sebenzisa amanzi aphephile ukugeza amazinyo nokukhipha umlomo
• Gwema uqhwa ngaphandle uma kwenziwe ngamanzi aphephile
• Khetha ukudla okushisayo, okuphekwe kusanda kuphekwa
• Gwema ukudla kolwandle okungaphekwe noma okungaphekwe kahle
• Hlule izithelo nemifino ngokwakho

Amasiko okuhlanzeka komuntu siqu asisiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka:

• Geza izandla njalo ngesepha namanzi acocekile
• Sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla esekelwe e-alcohol uma isepha lingekho
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho ngezandla ezingageziwe
• Gwema ukudla kwabathengisi bemigwaqo ezindaweni ezingozi

Isithombe se-cholera sitholakala kulabo abahamba bayo ezindaweni ezingozi, nakuba kungelona izeluleko elivamile kubantu abaningi. Isithombe sinikeza isivikelo esingaphelele iminyaka engaba mibili.

Uma uhamba ezindaweni ezaziwa ngokuba khona kwe-cholera, xhumana nochwepheshe wezokwelapha ukuhamba ukuthi ngabe ukugonywa kunengqondo yisimo sakho esithile.

I-Cholera Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Odokotela bangaxilonga i-cholera ngokuhlola isampula yesisu, kodwa bavame ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kuphela ezimweni zokuphahlazeka. Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuqondile ngokushesha.

Ivivinyo eliqinisekile kakhulu lihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yesisu lakho nokuyihluza amabhaktheriya e-Vibrio cholerae. Lolu vivinyo lungaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa emahoreni ambalwa usebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezisheshayo.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza futhi ngomlando wakho wokuvakasha, lokho okukudlile nokukuphuzile, nokuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuba baqonde ukuthi i-cholera inokwenzeka yini.

Phakathi kokuphahlazeka, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase baqale ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlola iphume, ngoba ukufakwa kwamanzi okusheshayo kubalulekile. Ukubukeka okufana namanzi orayisi kokukhuluphala endaweni efanele kuvame ukunikeza ubufakazi obanele ukuqala ukunakekelwa.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise ukuhlola igazi lakho izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi noma ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte, okusisiza ukuba siqondise izinqumo zokwelapha.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Cholera Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-cholera kugxile ekufakeni amanzi namanzi omzimba wakho awalahlekile ngokukhuluphala nokugabha. Le ndlela elula iphumelela kakhulu uma iqalwa ngokushesha.

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kuhilela ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwamanzi ngomlomo usebenzisa ingxube ehlukile yamanzi, usawoti, noshukela. Lolu xazululi lusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uthathe amanzi ngokuphumelelayo kunamanzi nje.

Ezimweni ezinzima, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise:

• Amanzi e-intravenous ukufaka ngokushesha ivolumu elahlekile
• Ama-antibiotics ukufinyeza isikhathi sesifo
• Izithasiselo ze-zinc, ikakhulukazi kubantwana
• Ukuqapha amazinga ekhemikhali yegazi

Ama-antibiotics afana ne-doxycycline noma i-azithromycin anganciphisa ubukhulu nesikhathi sezimo, kodwa awadingeki njalo ezimweni ezilula. Udokotela wakho uzonquma uma ama-antibiotics afanele ngesimo sakho esithile.

Abantu abaningi abane-cholera baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukufakwa kwamanzi okuqondile. Ukuqonda ukugcina ukugcwala kwamanzi kulo lonke ubuhlungu.

Ngokungavamile, abantu abane-cholera enkulu bangase badinge ukusekelwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izinkinga ezinjengokwehluleka kwesibindi noma ukuzamazama komzimba zithuthuka. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi baphila kahle ngokuphelele.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Nge-Cholera?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kwe-cholera kugxile ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa amanzi ngenkathi ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile. Ungasekela ukuphulukana kwakho ngezinyathelo ezilula, kodwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuhlala kubalulekile.

Ukufakwa kwamanzi ekhaya kuhilela:

• Ukupha amanzi okufakwa kwamanzi ngomlomo njalo usuku lonke
• Ukuthatha ucansi olukhulu, oluvamile uma kukhona ukugabha
• Ukuqhubeka nokuphuza ngisho noma ukukhuluphala kuqhubeka
• Ukuqapha ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi nombala wawo

Ungenza isisombululo sokuphulukisa esilula ngokuxuba isipuni esisodwa sosawoti namacephe amabili eshukela ku-litha eyodwa yamanzi acocekile. Noma kunjalo, ama-packet okuphulukisa amanzi omzimba athengiswayo abaluliwe ngokuqondile.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukana, futhi kufanele ugweme imikhiqizo yobisi, i-caffeine, ne-alcohol, engase ibe yimbi ukukhuluphala. Ukudla okumnandi njengorayisi, amabhanana, ne-toast kungase kube lula ukubekezelela njengoba uzizwa ukhulu.

Gcina uxhumano oluseduze nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ekhaya. Badinga ukwazi uma izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi noma uma ungakwazi ukugcina amanzi.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze ukuxilongwa okuqondile futhi aqale ukwelashwa okuqondile ngokushesha. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele kulungile kungasindisa isikhathi esibalulekile.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, bhala phansi:

• Lapho izimpawu zakho zaqala nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Zonke izindawo ozihambele emavikini amabili edlule
• Lokho okukudlile nokukuphuzile muva nje, ikakhulukazi ukudla kolwandle noma ukudla kwemigwaqo
• Imithi oyisebenzisayo njengamanje
• Ukuthi ungakanani amanzi obona ukuthi ulahlekile

Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ukhuluphala kangaki nokuthi uyakwazi yini ukugcina amanzi. Izithombe zesisu lakho zingasiza udokotela wakho, nakuba lokhu kungadingeki njalo.

Uma kungenzeka, letha umuntu nawe e-aphoyintimenti. I-Cholera ingakwenza uzizwe ubuthakathaka futhi udideke, ngakho-ke ukuba nokwesekwa kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile.

Ungadli noma uphuze lutho olungavamile ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, futhi ukhulume nganoma yimiphi imithi yasekhaya oyizamile. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuba aqonde isimo sakho samanje kangcono.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Nge-Cholera?

I-Cholera yisifo esinzima kodwa esiphekwa ngokuphelele esisakazeka ngamanzi angcolile nokudla. Ukuqonda ukuphumelela okuhle ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha nokuthola ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwamanzi ngokushesha.

Nakuba i-cholera ingathuthuka ngokushesha, abantu abaningi abamukela ukunakekelwa okuqondile baphila kahle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lesi sifo singavikeleka ngezinyathelo ezilula zokuphepha kwamanzi nokudla, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba.

Khumbula ukuthi i-cholera ayisakazeki ngokuxhumana okuvamile nabantu abathelelekile. Isakazeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma ukudla, ngakho-ke ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilula kukuvikela ngokuphumelelayo.

Uma uthuthukisa ukukhuluphala okukhulu nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuhamba ezindaweni lapho i-cholera ivela khona, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuvimbela izinkinga futhi kuholela ekuphulukeni okusheshayo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Nge-Cholera

Ingabe i-cholera ingasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngokuxhumana okuvamile?

Cha, i-cholera ayisakazeki ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ukubambana izandla, noma ukuba eduze komuntu onalesi sifo. Ungathola i-cholera kuphela ngokusebenzisa amanzi noma ukudla okungcolile ngamabhaktheriya. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanzeka kwezandla kusabalulekile ngoba izandla ezingcolile zingadlulisela amabhaktheriya emlonyeni wakho.

I-cholera ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokwelashwa?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-cholera ingaba yingozi eyingozi emahoreni ambalwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, ngokufakwa kwamanzi okuqondile, abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 futhi baphila kahle ngaphakathi kweviki. Ukuqonda ukugcina ukugcwala kwamanzi kulo lonke ubuhlungu.

Ingabe kukhona isithombe se-cholera futhi kufanele ngisithole?

Yebo, kukhona izithombe ze-cholera ezitholakalayo, kodwa azikhuthazwa njalo kulabo abahamba. Izithombe zinikeza isivikelo esingaphelele iminyaka engaba mibili futhi zikhuthazwa ikakhulu kulabo abahamba bayo ezindaweni ezingozi ngesikhathi kokuphahlazeka okusebenzayo noma labo abasebenza ezimweni zokusiza ezihlazayo.

Ngingathola i-cholera ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungathola i-cholera izikhathi eziningi ngoba ukutheleleka akunikezi isivikelo eside. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaphila kahle nge-cholera bathuthukisa isivikelo esithile esiphila izinyanga ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni embalwa. Isivikelo esihle kakhulu sihlala sigwema amanzi angcolile nemithombo yokudla.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngicabanga ukuthi ngibeke ingozi ye-cholera?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ubeke ingozi, qapha izimpawu zakho ezinsukwini ezi-5 ezilandelayo, ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala okunamanzi okukhulu nokugabha. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu zithuthuka. Ungalindi ukuqinisekiswa kokubekwa ingozi - ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ngemiphumela emihle.